Polar \Po"lar\, a. [Cf. F. polaire. See Pole of the earth.]
1. Of or pertaining to one of the poles of the earth, or of a
sphere; situated near, or proceeding from, one of the
poles; as, polar regions; polar seas; polar winds.
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2. Of or pertaining to the magnetic pole, or to the point to
which the magnetic needle is directed.
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3. (Geom.) Pertaining to, reckoned from, or having a common
radiating point; as, polar coordinates.
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Polar axis, that axis of an astronomical instrument, as an
equatorial, which is parallel to the earths axis.
Polar bear (Zool.), a large bear (Ursus maritimus syn.
Thalarctos maritimus) inhabiting the arctic regions. It
sometimes measures nearly nine feet in length and weighs
1,600 pounds. It is partially amphibious, very powerful,
and the most carnivorous of all the bears. The fur is
white, tinged with yellow. Called also White bear. See
Bear.
Polar body, Polar cell, or Polar globule (Biol.), a
minute cell which separates by karyokinesis from the ovum
during its maturation. In the maturation of ordinary ova
two polar bodies are formed, but in parthogenetic ova only
one. The first polar body formed is usually larger than
the second one, and often divides into two after its
separation from the ovum. Each of the polar bodies removes
maternal chromatin from the ovum to make room for the
chromatin of the fertilizing spermatozoon; but their
functions are not fully understood.
Polar circles (Astron. & Geog.), two circles, each at a
distance from a pole of the earth equal to the obliquity
of the ecliptic, or about 23[deg] 28', the northern called
the arctic circle, and the southern the antarctic circle.
Polar clock, a tube, containing a polarizing apparatus,
turning on an axis parallel to that of the earth, and
indicating the hour of the day on an hour circle, by being
turned toward the plane of maximum polarization of the
light of the sky, which is always 90[deg] from the sun.
Polar coordinates. See under 3d Coordinate.
Polar dial, a dial whose plane is parallel to a great
circle passing through the poles of the earth. --Math.
Dict.
Polar distance, the angular distance of any point on a
sphere from one of its poles, particularly of a heavenly
body from the north pole of the heavens.
Polar equation of a line or Polar equation of a surface,
an equation which expresses the relation between the polar
coordinates of every point of the line or surface.
Polar forces (Physics), forces that are developed and act
in pairs, with opposite tendencies or properties in the
two elements, as magnetism, electricity, etc.
Polar hare (Zool.), a large hare of Arctic America (Lepus
arcticus), which turns pure white in winter. It is
probably a variety of the common European hare (Lepus
timidus).
Polar lights, the aurora borealis or australis.
Polar opposition, or Polaric opposition or Polar
contrast or Polaric contrast (Logic), an opposition or
contrast made by the existence of two opposite conceptions
which are the extremes in a species, as white and black in
colors; hence, as great an opposition or contrast as
possible.
Polar projection. See under Projection.
Polar spherical triangle (Spherics), a spherical triangle
whose three angular points are poles of the sides of a
given triangle. See 4th Pole, 2.
Polar whale (Zool.), the right whale, or bowhead. See
Whale.
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Bear \Bear\ (b[^a]r), n. [OE. bere, AS. bera; akin to D. beer,
OHG. bero, pero, G. b[aum]r, Icel. & Sw. bj["o]rn, and
possibly to L. fera wild beast, Gr. fh`r beast, Skr. bhalla
bear.]
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1. (Zool.) Any species of the genus Ursus, and of the
closely allied genera. Bears are plantigrade Carnivora,
but they live largely on fruit and insects.
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Note: The European brown bear (Ursus arctos), the white
polar bear (Ursus maritimus), the grizzly bear
(Ursus horribilis), the American black bear, and its
variety the cinnamon bear (Ursus Americanus), the
Syrian bear (Ursus Syriacus), and the sloth bear, are
among the notable species.
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2. (Zool.) An animal which has some resemblance to a bear in
form or habits, but no real affinity; as, the woolly bear;
ant bear; water bear; sea bear.
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3. (Astron.) One of two constellations in the northern
hemisphere, called respectively the Great Bear and the
Lesser Bear, or Ursa Major and Ursa Minor.
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4. Metaphorically: A brutal, coarse, or morose person.
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5. (Stock Exchange) A person who sells stocks or securities
for future delivery in expectation of a fall in the
market.
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Note: The bears and bulls of the Stock Exchange, whose
interest it is, the one to depress, and the other to
raise, stocks, are said to be so called in allusion to
the bear's habit of pulling down, and the bull's of
tossing up.
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6. (Mach.) A portable punching machine.
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7. (Naut.) A block covered with coarse matting; -- used to
scour the deck.
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Australian bear. (Zool.) See Koala.
Bear baiting, the sport of baiting bears with dogs.
Bear caterpillar (Zool.), the hairy larva of a moth, esp.
of the genus Euprepia.
Bear garden.
(a) A place where bears are kept for diversion or
fighting.
(b) Any place where riotous conduct is common or
permitted. --M. Arnold.
Bear leader, one who leads about a performing bear for
money; hence, a facetious term for one who takes charge of
a young man on his travels.
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