Orange \Or"ange\ ([o^]r"[e^]nj), n. [F.; cf. It. arancia,
arancio, LL. arangia, Sp. naranjia, Pg. laranja; all fr. Ar.
n[=a]ranj, Per. n[=a]ranj, n[=a]rang; cf. Skr. n[=a]ranga
orange tree. The o- in F. orange is due to confusion with or
gold, L. aurum, because the orange resembles gold in color.]
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1. The fruit of a tree of the genus Citrus (Citrus
Aurantium). It is usually round, and consists of pulpy
carpels, commonly ten in number, inclosed in a leathery
rind, which is easily separable, and is reddish yellow
when ripe.
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Note: There are numerous varieties of oranges; as, the
bitter orange, which is supposed to be the original
stock; the navel orange, which has the rudiment of a
second orange imbedded in the top of the fruit; the
blood orange, with a reddish juice; and the horned
orange, in which the carpels are partly separated.
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2. (Bot.) The tree that bears oranges; the orange tree.
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3. The color of an orange; reddish yellow.
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Mandarin orange. See Mandarin.
Mock orange (Bot.), any species of shrubs of the genus
Philadelphus, which have whitish and often fragrant
blossoms.
Native orange, or Orange thorn (Bot.), an Australian
shrub (Citriobatus parviflorus); also, its edible yellow
berries.
Orange bird (Zool.), a tanager of Jamaica (Tanagra zena);
-- so called from its bright orange breast.
Orange cowry (Zool.), a large, handsome cowry (Cypraea
aurantia), highly valued by collectors of shells on
account of its rarity.
Orange grass (Bot.), an inconspicuous annual American plant
(Hypericum Sarothra), having minute, deep yellow
flowers.
Orange oil (Chem.), an oily, terpenelike substance obtained
from orange rind, and distinct from neroli oil, which is
obtained from the flowers.
Orange pekoe, a kind of black tea.
Orange pippin, an orange-colored apple with acid flavor.
Quito orange, the orangelike fruit of a shrubby species of
nightshade (Solanum Quitoense), native in Quito.
Orange scale (Zool.) any species of scale insects which
infests orange trees; especially, the purple scale
(Mytilaspis citricola), the long scale (Mytilaspis
Gloveri), and the red scale (Aspidiotus Aurantii).
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Mandarin \Man`da*rin"\, n. [Pg. mandarim, from Malay mantr[imac]
minister of state, prop. a Hind. word, fr. Skr. mantrin a
counselor, manira a counsel, man to think.]
1. A Chinese public officer or nobleman; a civil or military
official in China and Annam.
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2. Hence: A powerful government official or bureaucrat,
especially one who is pedantic and has a strong sense of
his own importance and privelege.
[PJC]
3. Hence: A member of an influential, powerful or elite
group, espcially within artistic or intellectual circles;
-- used especially of elder members who are traditionalist
or conservative about their specialties.
[PJC]
5. The form of the Chinese language spoken by members of the
Chinese Imperial Court an officials of the empire.
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6. Any of several closely related dialects of the Chinese
language spoken by a mojority of the population of China,
the standard variety of which is spoken in the region
around Beijing.
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7. (Bot.) A small flattish reddish-orange loose-skinned
orange, with an easily separable rind. It is thought to be
of Chinese origin, and is counted a distinct species
(Citrus reticulata formerly Citrus nobilis); called
also mandarin orange and tangerine.
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Mandarin language, the spoken or colloquial language of
educated people in China.
Mandarin yellow (Chem.), an artificial aniline dyestuff
used for coloring silk and wool, and regarded as a complex
derivative of quinoline.
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