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World Gazetteer Results for Vahan:
NameVahan
Geographical TypeLocality
Population1153
Latitude
Longitude
CountryArmenia
Administrative DivisionGegharkunik
Dictionary Results for Armenia:
1. WordNet® 3.0 (2006)
Armenia
    n 1: a landlocked republic in southwestern Asia; formerly an
         Asian soviet; modern Armenia is but a fragment of ancient
         Armenia which was one of the world's oldest civilizations;
         throughout 2500 years the Armenian people have been invaded
         and oppressed by their neighbors [syn: Armenia, Republic
         of Armenia, Hayastan]

2. The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
Armenia \Armenia\ n.
   1. a country in the Caucasus, formerly a part of the Soviet
      Union.
      [WordNet 1.5 +PJC]

3. Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary
Armenia
   high land, occurs only in Authorized Version, 2 Kings 19:37; in
   Revised Version, "Ararat," which is the Hebrew word. A country
   in western Asia lying between the Caspian and the Black Sea.
   Here the ark of Noah rested after the Deluge (Gen. 8:4). It is
   for the most part high table-land, and is watered by the Aras,
   the Kur, the Euphrates, and the Tigris. Ararat was properly the
   name of a part of ancient Armenia. Three provinces of Armenia
   are mentioned in Jer. 51:27, Ararat, Minni, and Ashchenaz. Some,
   however, think Minni a contraction for Armenia. (See ARARAT.)
   

4. CIA World Factbook 2002
Armenia

   Introduction Armenia
   --------------------
                            Background: An Armenian Apostolic Christian
                                        country, Armenia was incorporated
                                        into Russia in 1828 and the USSR in
                                        1920. Armenian leaders remain
                                        preoccupied by the long conflict
                                        with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-
                                        Karabakh, a primarily Armenian-
                                        populated region, assigned to Soviet
                                        Azerbaijan in the 1920s by Moscow.
                                        Armenia and Azerbaijan began
                                        fighting over the area in 1988; the
                                        struggle escalated after both
                                        countries attained independence from
                                        the Soviet Union in 1991. By May
                                        1994, when a cease-fire took hold,
                                        Armenian forces held not only
                                        Nagorno-Karabakh but also a
                                        significant portion of Azerbaijan
                                        proper. The economies of both sides
                                        have been hurt by their inability to
                                        make substantial progress toward a
                                        peaceful resolution.
  
   Geography Armenia
   -----------------
                              Location: Southwestern Asia, east of Turkey
                Geographic coordinates: 40 00 N, 45 00 E
                        Map references: Asia
                                  Area: total: 29,800 sq km
                                        water: 1,400 sq km
                                        land: 28,400 sq km
                    Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Maryland
                       Land boundaries: total: 1,254 km
                                        border countries: Azerbaijan-proper
                                        566 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave
                                        221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km,
                                        Turkey 268 km
                             Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
                       Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
                               Climate: highland continental, hot summers,
                                        cold winters
                               Terrain: Armenian Highland with mountains;
                                        little forest land; fast flowing
                                        rivers; good soil in Aras River
                                        valley
                    Elevation extremes: lowest point: Debed River 400 m
                                        highest point: Aragats Lerrnagagat'
                                        4,090 m
                     Natural resources: small deposits of gold, copper,
                                        molybdenum, zinc, alumina
                              Land use: arable land: 17.52%
                                        permanent crops: 2.3%
                                        other: 80.18% (1998 est.)
                        Irrigated land: 2,870 sq km (1998 est.)
                       Natural hazards: occasionally severe earthquakes;
                                        droughts
          Environment - current issues: soil pollution from toxic chemicals
                                        such as DDT; energy blockade, the
                                        result of conflict with Azerbaijan
                                        and disagreements with Turkey, has
                                        led to deforestation when citizens
                                        scavenged for firewood; pollution of
                                        Hrazdan (Razdan) and Aras Rivers;
                                        the draining of Sevana Lich (Lake
                                        Sevan), a result of its use as a
                                        source for hydropower, threatens
                                        drinking water supplies; restart of
                                        Metsamor nuclear power plant in
                                        spite of its location in a
                                        seismically-active zone
            Environment - international party to: Air Pollution,
                            agreements: Biodiversity, Climate Change,
                                        Desertification, Hazardous Wastes,
                                        Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer
                                        Protection, Wetlands
                                        signed, but not ratified: Air
                                        Pollution-Persistent Organic
                                        Pollutants
                      Geography - note: landlocked in the Lesser Caucasus
                                        Mountains; Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan)
                                        is the largest lake in this mountain
                                        range
  
   People Armenia
   --------------
                            Population: 3,330,099
                                        note: Armenia's first census since
                                        independence was conducted in
                                        October 2001, but official figures
                                        have not yet been released (July
                                        2002 est.)
                         Age structure: 0-14 years: 22.2% (male 374,597;
                                        female 363,115)
                                        15-64 years: 67.7% (male 1,104,100;
                                        female 1,150,282)
                                        65 years and over: 10.1% (male
                                        141,330; female 196,675) (2002 est.)
                Population growth rate: -0.15% (2002 est.)
                            Birth rate: 12 births/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                            Death rate: 9.94 deaths/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                    Net migration rate: -3.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population
                                        (2002 est.)
                             Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
                                        under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
                                        15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
                                        65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/
                                        female
                                        total population: 0.95 male(s)/
                                        female (2002 est.)
                 Infant mortality rate: 41.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2002
                                        est.)
              Life expectancy at birth: total population: 66.59 years
                                        female: 71.12 years (2002 est.)
                                        male: 62.27 years
                  Total fertility rate: 1.53 children born/woman (2002 est.)
      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.01% (1999 est.)
     HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ less than 500 (1999 est.)
                                  AIDS:
                     HIV/AIDS - deaths: less than 100 (1999 est.)
                           Nationality: noun: Armenian(s)
                                        adjective: Armenian
                         Ethnic groups: Armenian 93%, Azeri 3%, Russian 2%,
                                        other (mostly Yezidi Kurds) 2%
                                        (1989)
                                        note: as of the end of 1993,
                                        virtually all Azeris had emigrated
                                        from Armenia
                             Religions: Armenian Apostolic 94%, other
                                        Christian 4%, Yezidi (Zoroastrian/
                                        animist) 2%
                             Languages: Armenian 96%, Russian 2%, other 2%
                              Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
                                        and write
                                        total population: 99%
                                        male: 99%
                                        female: 98% (1989 est.)
  
   Government Armenia
   ------------------
                          Country name: conventional long form: Republic of
                                        Armenia
                                        conventional short form: Armenia
                                        local short form: Hayastan
                                        former: Armenian Soviet Socialist
                                        Republic; Armenian Republic
                                        local long form: Hayastani
                                        Hanrapetut'yun
                       Government type: republic
                               Capital: Yerevan
              Administrative divisions: 11 provinces (marzer, singular -
                                        marz); Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir,
                                        Geghark'unik', Kotayk', Lorri,
                                        Shirak, Syunik', Tavush, Vayots'
                                        Dzor, Yerevan
                          Independence: 21 September 1991 (from Soviet
                                        Union)
                      National holiday: Independence Day, 21 September
                                        (1991)
                          Constitution: adopted by nationwide referendum 5
                                        July 1995
                          Legal system: based on civil law system
                              Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
                      Executive branch: chief of state: President Robert
                                        KOCHARIAN (since 30 March 1998)
                                        head of government: Prime Minister
                                        Andranik MARKARYAN (since 12 May
                                        2000)
                                        cabinet: Council of Ministers
                                        appointed by the prime minister
                                        elections: president elected by
                                        popular vote for a five-year term;
                                        special election last held 30 March
                                        1998 (next to be held NA March
                                        2003); prime minister appointed by
                                        the president
                                        election results: Robert KOCHARIAN
                                        elected president; percent of vote -
                                        Robert KOCHARIAN 59.5%, Karen
                                        DEMIRCHYAN 40.5%
                    Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly
                                        (Parliament) or Azgayin Zhoghov (131
                                        seats; members elected by popular
                                        vote to serve four-year terms)
                                        elections: last held 30 May 1999
                                        (next to be held in the spring of
                                        2003)
                                        election results: percent of vote by
                                        party - NA%; seats by party - Unity
                                        Bloc 61 (Republican Party 41,
                                        People's Party of Armenia 20),
                                        Stability Group (independent
                                        Armenian deputies who have formed a
                                        bloc) 21, ACP 10, ARF (Dashnak) 8,
                                        Law and Unity Party 7, NDU 6, Law-
                                        Governed Party 6, independents 10,
                                        unfilled 2; note - seats by party
                                        change frequently
                       Judicial branch: Supreme Court; Constitutional Court
         Political parties and leaders: Agro-Technical People's Group
                                        (formerly Stability Group) [Hmayk
                                        HOVHANISSIAN]; Armenian Communist
                                        Party or ACP [Vladimir DARBINYAN];
                                        Armenia Democratic Party [Armen
                                        SARGSIAN]; Armenian Revolutionary
                                        Federation ("Dashnak" Party) or ARF
                                        [Hrant MARKARYAN]; Christian
                                        Democratic Union or CDU [Azat
                                        ARSHAKYN, chairman]; Constitutional
                                        Rights Union [Hrant KHACHATRYAN];
                                        Democratic Liberal Party/Ramkvar
                                        Azatakyan or DL/RA [Ruben
                                        MIRZAKHANIAN, chairman]; Law and
                                        Unity Party [Artashes GEGAMIAN,
                                        chairman]; Law-Governed Party [Artur
                                        BAGDASARIAN, chairman]; National
                                        Accord Front [Ashot MANUTCHARIAN];
                                        National Democratic Alliance [Arshak
                                        ZADOYAN]; National Democratic Party
                                        [Shavarsh KOCHARIAN]; National
                                        Democratic Union or NDU [Vazgen
                                        MANUKIAN]; Pan-Armenian National
                                        Movement or PANM [Alex ARZOUMANYAN];
                                        People's Democratic Party [Gagik
                                        ASLANYAN]; People's Deputies Group
                                        [Hovhannes HOVHANISSIAN]; People's
                                        Party of Armenia [Stepan
                                        DEMIRCHYAN]; Republic Party [Aram
                                        SARGSIAN]; Republican Party or RPA
                                        [Andranik MARKARYAN]; Shamiram
                                        Women's Movement or SWM [Shogher
                                        MATEVOSIAN]; Social Democratic
                                        (Hunchak) Party [Yeghia SHAMSHAYN];
                                        Social Democratic Union (formerly
                                        National Self-Determination Union)
                                        [Paruyr HAYRIKIAN]; Twenty-first
                                        Century Party [David SHAKHNAZARIAN];
                                        Unity Bloc [Stepan DEMIRCHIAN and
                                        Andranik MARKARYAN] (a coalition of
                                        the Republican Party and People's
                                        Party of Armenia); Yerkrapah Union
                                        [Manval GRIGORYAN]
          Political pressure groups and NA
                               leaders:
             International organization BSEC, CCC, CE, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE,
                         participation: ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM,
                                        IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF,
                                        Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM
                                        (observer), OAS (observer), OPCW,
                                        OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
                                        UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
                                        WToO, WTrO (observer)
   Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Arman
                                        KIRAKOSIAN
                                        consulate(s) general: Los Angeles
                                        FAX: [1] (202) 319-2982
                                        telephone: [1] (202) 319-1976
                                        chancery: 2225 R Street NW,
                                        Washington, DC 20008
     Diplomatic representation from the chief of mission: Ambassador John M.
                                    US: ORDWAY
                                        embassy: 18 Baghramyan Ave., Yerevan
                                        375019
                                        mailing address: American Embassy
                                        Yerevan, Department of State,
                                        Washington, DC 20521-7020
                                        telephone: [374](1) 521-611, 543-900
  
                                        FAX: [374](1) 520-800, 542-152
                      Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of red
                                        (top), blue, and orange
  
   Economy Armenia
   ---------------
                    Economy - overview: Under the old Soviet central
                                        planning system, Armenia had
                                        developed a modern industrial
                                        sector, supplying machine tools,
                                        textiles, and other manufactured
                                        goods to sister republics in
                                        exchange for raw materials and
                                        energy. Since the implosion of the
                                        USSR in December 1991, Armenia has
                                        switched to small-scale agriculture
                                        away from the large agroindustrial
                                        complexes of the Soviet era. The
                                        agricultural sector has long-term
                                        needs for more investment and
                                        updated technology. The
                                        privatization of industry has been
                                        at a slower pace, but has been given
                                        renewed emphasis by the current
                                        administration. Armenia is a food
                                        importer, and its mineral deposits
                                        (gold, bauxite) are small. The
                                        ongoing conflict with Azerbaijan
                                        over the ethnic Armenian-dominated
                                        region of Nagorno-Karabakh and the
                                        breakup of the centrally directed
                                        economic system of the former Soviet
                                        Union contributed to a severe
                                        economic decline in the early 1990s.
                                        By 1994, however, the Armenian
                                        Government had launched an ambitious
                                        IMF-sponsored economic program that
                                        has resulted in positive growth
                                        rates in 1995-2001. Armenia also
                                        managed to slash inflation and to
                                        privatize most small- and medium-
                                        sized enterprises. The chronic
                                        energy shortages Armenia suffered in
                                        recent years have been largely
                                        offset by the energy supplied by one
                                        of its nuclear power plants at
                                        Metsamor. Armenia's severe trade
                                        imbalance has been offset somewhat
                                        by international aid, domestic
                                        restructuring of the economy, and
                                        foreign direct investment.
                                   GDP: purchasing power parity - $11.2
                                        billion (2001 est.)
                GDP - real growth rate: 9.6% (2001 est.)
                      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $3,350
                                        (2001 est.)
           GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 29%
                                        industry: 32%
                                        services: 39% (2000 est.)
         Population below poverty line: 55% (2001 est.)
     Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: 2.3%
                      percentage share: highest 10%: 35.2% (1996)
   Distribution of family income - Gini 44.4 (1996)
                                 index:
      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.1% (2000 est.)
                           Labor force: 1.4 million (2001)
           Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 44%, services 14%,
                                        industry 42% (2000 est.)
                     Unemployment rate: 20%
                                        note: official rate is 10.9% for
                                        2000 (2001 est.)
                                Budget: revenues: $358 million
                                        expenditures: $458 million,
                                        including capital expenditures of
                                        $NA (2001 est.)
                            Industries: metal-cutting machine tools,
                                        forging-pressing machines, electric
                                        motors, tires, knitted wear,
                                        hosiery, shoes, silk fabric,
                                        chemicals, trucks, instruments,
                                        microelectronics, gem cutting,
                                        jewelry manufacturing, software
                                        development, food processing, brandy
     Industrial production growth rate: 3.8% (2001)
              Electricity - production: 5.69 billion kWh (2000)
    Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 36.34%
                                        other: 0% (2000)
                                        nuclear: 32.34%
                                        hydro: 31.32%
             Electricity - consumption: 4.89 billion kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - exports: 704 million kWh
                                        note: exports an unknown quantity to
                                        Georgia; includes exports to
                                        Nagorno-Karabakh region in
                                        Azerbaijan (2000)
                 Electricity - imports: 300 million kWh
                                        note: imports an unknown quantity
                                        from Iran (2000)
                Agriculture - products: fruit (especially grapes),
                                        vegetables; livestock
                               Exports: $338.5 million (f.o.b., 2001 est.)
                 Exports - commodities: diamonds, scrap metal, machinery and
                                        equipment, brandy, copper ore
                    Exports - partners: Belgium 23%, Russia 15%, US 13%,
                                        Iran 10% (2000)
                               Imports: $868.6 million (f.o.b., 2001 est.)
                 Imports - commodities: natural gas, petroleum, tobacco
                                        products, foodstuffs, diamonds
                    Imports - partners: Russia 15%, US 12%, Belgium 10%,
                                        Iran 9% (2000)
                       Debt - external: $839 million (June 2001)
              Economic aid - recipient: $245.5 million (1995)
                              Currency: dram (AMD)
                         Currency code: AMD
                        Exchange rates: drams per US dollar - 564.08
                                        (January 2002), 555.08 (2001),
                                        539.53 (2000), 535.06 (1999), 504.92
                                        (1998), 490.85 (1997)
                           Fiscal year: calendar year
  
   Communications Armenia
   ----------------------
        Telephones - main lines in use: 568,000 (1997)
          Telephones - mobile cellular: 25,000 (2001)
                      Telephone system: general assessment: system
                                        inadequate; now 90% privately owned
                                        and undergoing modernization and
                                        expansion
                                        domestic: the majority of
                                        subscribers and the most modern
                                        equipment are in Yerevan (this
                                        includes paging and mobile cellular
                                        service)
                                        international: Yerevan is connected
                                        to the Trans-Asia-Europe fiber-optic
                                        cable through Iran; additional
                                        international service is available
                                        by microwave radio relay and
                                        landline connections to the other
                                        countries of the Commonwealth of
                                        Independent States and through the
                                        Moscow international switch and by
                                        satellite to the rest of the world;
                                        satellite earth stations - 1
                                        Intelsat (2000)
              Radio broadcast stations: AM 9, FM 6, shortwave 1 (1998)
                                Radios: 850,000 (1997)
         Television broadcast stations: 3 (plus an unknown number of
                                        repeaters) (1998)
                           Televisions: 825,000 (1997)
                 Internet country code: .am
     Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 9 (2001)
                        Internet users: 30,000 (2001)
  
   Transportation Armenia
   ----------------------
                              Railways: total: 852 km in common carrier
                                        service; does not include industrial
                                        lines
                                        broad gauge: 852 km 1.520-m gauge
                                        (779 km electrified) (2001 est.)
                              Highways: total: 11,300 km
                                        paved: 10,500 km (includes some all-
                                        weather gravel-surfaced roads)
                                        unpaved: 800 km (these roads are
                                        made of unstabilized earth and are
                                        difficult to negotiate in wet
                                        weather) (1990)
                             Waterways: NA km
                             Pipelines: natural gas 900 km (1991)
                     Ports and harbors: none
                              Airports: 7 (2001)
       Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 7
                                        over 3,047 m: 1
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 3
                                        under 914 m: 1 (2001)
  
   Military Armenia
   ----------------
                     Military branches: Army, Air and Air Defense Forces,
                                        Border Guards
      Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age (2002 est.)
      Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 912,650 (2002 est.)
   Military manpower - fit for military males age 15-49: 722,035 (2002 est.)
                               service:
           Military manpower - reaching males: 34,998 (2002 est.)
                 military age annually:
         Military expenditures - dollar $135 million (FY01)
                                figure:
     Military expenditures - percent of 6.5% (FY01)
                                   GDP:
  
   Transnational Issues Armenia
   ----------------------------
              Disputes - international: Armenia supports ethnic Armenian
                                        secessionists in Nagorno-Karabakh
                                        and militarily occupies almost one-
                                        fifth of Azerbaijan - Organization
                                        for Security and Cooperation in
                                        Europe (OSCE) continues to mediate
                                        dispute; border with Turkey remains
                                        closed over Nagorno-Karabakh
                                        dispute; traditional demands
                                        regarding former Armenian lands in
                                        Turkey have subsided
                         Illicit drugs: illicit cultivator of cannabis
                                        mostly for domestic consumption;
                                        increasingly used as a transshipment
                                        point for illicit drugs - mostly
                                        opium and hashish - to Western
                                        Europe and the US via Iran, Central
                                        Asia, and Russia
  
                                       



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