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World Gazetteer Results for Tawzar:
NameTawzar
Alternate NamesTozeur
Original Namesتوزر
Geographical TypeWilayah
Population101730
CountryTunisia
Dictionary Results for Tunisia:
1. WordNet® 3.0 (2006)
Tunisia
    n 1: a republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean
         coast; achieved independence from France in 1956; "southern
         Tunisia is mostly desert" [syn: Tunisia, Republic of
         Tunisia]

2. CIA World Factbook 2002
Tunisia

   Introduction Tunisia
   --------------------
                            Background: Following independence from France
                                        in 1956, President Habib BOURGUIBA
                                        established a strict one-party
                                        state. He dominated the country for
                                        31 years, repressing Islamic
                                        fundamentalism and establishing
                                        rights for women unmatched by any
                                        other Arab nation. In recent years,
                                        Tunisia has taken a moderate, non-
                                        aligned stance in its foreign
                                        relations. Domestically, it has
                                        sought to diffuse rising pressure
                                        for a more open political society.
  
   Geography Tunisia
   -----------------
                              Location: Northern Africa, bordering the
                                        Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria
                                        and Libya
                Geographic coordinates: 34 00 N, 9 00 E
                        Map references: Africa
                                  Area: total: 163,610 sq km
                                        water: 8,250 sq km
                                        land: 155,360 sq km
                    Area - comparative: slightly larger than Georgia
                       Land boundaries: total: 1,424 km
                                        border countries: Algeria 965 km,
                                        Libya 459 km
                             Coastline: 1,148 km
                       Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 NM
                                        territorial sea: 12 NM
                               Climate: temperate in north with mild, rainy
                                        winters and hot, dry summers; desert
                                        in south
                               Terrain: mountains in north; hot, dry central
                                        plain; semiarid south merges into
                                        the Sahara
                    Elevation extremes: lowest point: Shatt al Gharsah -17 m
  
                                        highest point: Jebel ech Chambi
                                        1,544 m
                     Natural resources: petroleum, phosphates, iron ore,
                                        lead, zinc, salt
                              Land use: arable land: 18.67%
                                        permanent crops: 12.87%
                                        other: 68.46% (1998 est.)
                        Irrigated land: 3,800 sq km (1998 est.)
                       Natural hazards: NA
          Environment - current issues: toxic and hazardous waste disposal
                                        is ineffective and poses health
                                        risks; water pollution from raw
                                        sewage; limited natural fresh water
                                        resources; deforestation;
                                        overgrazing; soil erosion;
                                        desertification
            Environment - international party to: Biodiversity, Climate
                            agreements: Change, Desertification, Endangered
                                        Species, Environmental Modification,
                                        Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea,
                                        Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban,
                                        Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
                                        Pollution, Wetlands
                                        signed, but not ratified: Marine
                                        Life Conservation
                      Geography - note: strategic location in central
                                        Mediterranean; Malta and Tunisia are
                                        discussing the commercial
                                        exploitation of the continental
                                        shelf between their countries,
                                        particularly for oil exploration
  
   People Tunisia
   --------------
                            Population: 9,815,644 (July 2002 est.)
                         Age structure: 0-14 years: 27.8% (male 1,412,625;
                                        female 1,320,729)
                                        15-64 years: 65.9% (male 3,234,770;
                                        female 3,233,149)
                                        65 years and over: 6.3% (male
                                        303,093; female 311,278) (2002 est.)
                Population growth rate: 1.12% (2002 est.)
                            Birth rate: 16.83 births/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                            Death rate: 5 deaths/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                    Net migration rate: -0.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population
                                        (2002 est.)
                             Sex ratio: at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female
                                        under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
                                        15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
                                        65 years and over: 0.97 male(s)/
                                        female
                                        total population: 1.02 male(s)/
                                        female (2002 est.)
                 Infant mortality rate: 27.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2002
                                        est.)
              Life expectancy at birth: total population: 74.16 years
                                        female: 75.89 years (2002 est.)
                                        male: 72.56 years
                  Total fertility rate: 1.94 children born/woman (2002 est.)
      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.04% (1999 est.)
     HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ NA
                                  AIDS:
                     HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA
                           Nationality: noun: Tunisian(s)
                                        adjective: Tunisian
                         Ethnic groups: Arab 98%, European 1%, Jewish and
                                        other 1%
                             Religions: Muslim 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish and
                                        other 1%
                             Languages: Arabic (official and one of the
                                        languages of commerce), French
                                        (commerce)
                              Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
                                        and write
                                        total population: 66.7%
                                        male: 78.6%
                                        female: 54.6% (1995 est.)
  
   Government Tunisia
   ------------------
                          Country name: conventional long form: Republic of
                                        Tunisia
                                        conventional short form: Tunisia
                                        local short form: Tunis
                                        local long form: Al Jumhuriyah at
                                        Tunisiyah
                       Government type: republic
                               Capital: Tunis
              Administrative divisions: 23 governorates; Ariana (Aryanah),
                                        Beja (Bajah), Ben Arous (Bin 'Arus),
                                        Bizerte (Banzart), El Kef (Al Kaf),
                                        Gabes (Qabis), Gafsa (Qafsah),
                                        Jendouba (Jundubah), Kairouan (Al
                                        Qayrawan), Kasserine (Al Qasrayn),
                                        Kebili (Qibili), Mahdia (Al
                                        Mahdiyah), Medenine (Madanin),
                                        Monastir (Al Munastir), Nabeul
                                        (Nabul), Sfax (Safaqis), Sidi Bou
                                        Zid (Sidi Bu Zayd), Siliana
                                        (Silyanah), Sousse (Susah),
                                        Tataouine (Tatawin), Tozeur
                                        (Tawzar), Tunis, Zaghouan (Zaghwan)
                          Independence: 20 March 1956 (from France)
                      National holiday: Independence Day, 20 March (1956)
                          Constitution: 1 June 1959; amended 12 July 1988
                          Legal system: based on French civil law system and
                                        Islamic law; some judicial review of
                                        legislative acts in the Supreme
                                        Court in joint session
                              Suffrage: 20 years of age; universal
                      Executive branch: chief of state: President Zine El
                                        Abidine BEN ALI (since 7 November
                                        1987)
                                        head of government: Prime Minister
                                        Mohamed GHANNOUCHI (since 17
                                        November 1999)
                                        cabinet: Council of Ministers
                                        appointed by the president
                                        elections: president elected by
                                        popular vote for a five-year term;
                                        election last held 24 October 1999
                                        (next to be held NA 2004); prime
                                        minister appointed by the president
                                        election results: President Zine El
                                        Abidine BEN ALI reelected for a
                                        third term without opposition;
                                        percent of vote - Zine El Abidine
                                        BEN ALI nearly 100%
                    Legislative branch: unicameral Chamber of Deputies or
                                        Majlis al-Nuwaab (182 seats; members
                                        elected by popular vote to serve
                                        five-year terms)
                                        elections: last held 24 October 1999
                                        (next to be held NA 2004)
                                        election results: percent of vote by
                                        party - RCD 92%; seats by party -
                                        RCD 148, MDS 13, UDU 7, PUP 7, Al-
                                        Tajdid 5, PSL 2; note - reforms
                                        enabled opposition parties to win up
                                        to 20% of seats, increasing the
                                        number of seats they hold from 19 in
                                        the last election to 34 now
                       Judicial branch: Court of Cassation or Cour de
                                        Cassation
         Political parties and leaders: Al-Tajdid Movement [Adel CHAOUCH];
                                        Constitutional Democratic Rally
                                        Party (Rassemblement Constitutionnel
                                        Democratique) or RCD [President Zine
                                        El Abidine BEN ALI (official ruling
                                        party)]; Liberal Social Party or PSL
                                        [Mounir BEJI]; Movement of
                                        Democratic Socialists or MDS [Khamis
                                        CHAMMARI]; Popular Unity Party or
                                        PUP [Mohamed Belhaj AMOR]; Unionist
                                        Democratic Union or UDU
                                        [Abderrahmane TLILI]
          Political pressure groups and the Islamic fundamentalist party, Al
                               leaders: Nahda (Renaissance), is outlawed
             International organization ABEDA, ACCT, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF,
                         participation: AMU, BSEC (observer), CCC, ECA, FAO,
                                        G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU,
                                        ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,
                                        IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC,
                                        IOM, ISO, ITU, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM,
                                        OAS (observer), OAU, OIC, OPCW, OSCE
                                        (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
                                        UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UPU,
                                        WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
   Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Hatem
                                        ATALLAH
                                        FAX: [1] (202) 862-1858
                                        telephone: [1] (202) 862-1850
                                        chancery: 1515 Massachusetts Avenue
                                        NW, Washington, DC 20005
     Diplomatic representation from the chief of mission: Ambassador Rust M.
                                    US: DEMING
                                        embassy: 144 Avenue de la Liberte,
                                        1002 Tunis-Belvedere
                                        mailing address: use embassy street
                                        address
                                        telephone: [216] (1) 782-566
                                        FAX: [216] (1) 789-719
                      Flag description: red with a white disk in the center
                                        bearing a red crescent nearly
                                        encircling a red five-pointed star;
                                        the crescent and star are
                                        traditional symbols of Islam
  
   Economy Tunisia
   ---------------
                    Economy - overview: Tunisia has a diverse economy, with
                                        important agricultural, mining,
                                        energy, tourism, and manufacturing
                                        sectors. Governmental control of
                                        economic affairs while still heavy
                                        has gradually lessened over the past
                                        decade with increasing
                                        privatization, simplification of the
                                        tax structure, and a prudent
                                        approach to debt. Real growth
                                        averaged 5.4% in the past five
                                        years, and inflation is slowing.
                                        Growth in tourism and increased
                                        trade have been key elements in this
                                        steady growth, although tourism
                                        revenues have slowed since 11
                                        September 2001 and may take a year
                                        or more to fully recover. Tunisia's
                                        association agreement with the
                                        European Union entered into force on
                                        1 March 1998, the first such accord
                                        between the EU and a Mediterranean
                                        country. Under the agreement Tunisia
                                        will gradually remove barriers to
                                        trade with the EU over the next
                                        decade. Broader privatization,
                                        further liberalization of the
                                        investment code to increase foreign
                                        investment, and improvements in
                                        government efficiency are among the
                                        challenges for the future.
                                   GDP: purchasing power parity - $64.5
                                        billion (2001 est.)
                GDP - real growth rate: 4.8% (2001 est.)
                      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $6,600
                                        (2001 est.)
           GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 13%
                                        industry: 33%
                                        services: 54% (2000 est.)
         Population below poverty line: 6% (2000 est.)
     Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: 2.3%
                      percentage share: highest 10%: 31.8% (1995)
   Distribution of family income - Gini 41.7 (1995)
                                 index:
      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.7% (2001 est.)
                           Labor force: 2.69 million (2001 est.)
                                        note: shortage of skilled labor
           Labor force - by occupation: services 55%, industry 23%,
                                        agriculture 22% (1995 est.)
                     Unemployment rate: 15.6% (2000 est.)
                                Budget: revenues: $5.7 billion
                                        expenditures: $6.3 billion,
                                        including capital expenditures of
                                        $1.5 billion (2001 est.)
                            Industries: petroleum, mining (particularly
                                        phosphate and iron ore), tourism,
                                        textiles, footwear, agribusiness,
                                        beverages
     Industrial production growth rate: 5.2% (2001 est.)
              Electricity - production: 10.3 billion kWh (2000)
    Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 99.03%
                                        hydro: 0.97%
                                        other: 0% (2000)
                                        nuclear: 0%
             Electricity - consumption: 9.562 billion kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - exports: 19 million kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - imports: 2 million kWh (2000)
                Agriculture - products: olives, olive oil, grain, dairy
                                        products, tomatoes, citrus fruit,
                                        beef, sugar beets, dates, almonds
                               Exports: $6.6 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.)
                 Exports - commodities: textiles, mechanical goods,
                                        phosphates and chemicals,
                                        agricultural products, hydrocarbons
                    Exports - partners: France 28%, Italy 21%, Germany 14%,
                                        Belgium 6%, Libya (2000)
                               Imports: $8.9 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.)
                 Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment,
                                        hydrocarbons, chemicals, food
                    Imports - partners: France 30%, Italy 21%, Germany 11%,
                                        Spain 4%, Belgium (2000)
                       Debt - external: $11.5 billion (2001 est.)
              Economic aid - recipient: $933.2 million (1995); note - ODA,
                                        $90 million (1998 est.)
                              Currency: Tunisian dinar (TND)
                         Currency code: TND
                        Exchange rates: Tunisian dinars per US dollar - 1.44
                                        (January 2002), 1.3753 (2001),
                                        1.3707 (2000), 1.1862 (1999), 1.1387
                                        (1998), 1.1059 (1997)
                           Fiscal year: calendar year
  
   Communications Tunisia
   ----------------------
        Telephones - main lines in use: 654,000 (1997)
          Telephones - mobile cellular: 50,000 (1998)
                      Telephone system: general assessment: above the
                                        African average and continuing to be
                                        upgraded; key centers are Sfax,
                                        Sousse, Bizerte, and Tunis; Internet
                                        access available
                                        domestic: trunk facilities consist
                                        of open-wire lines, coaxial cable,
                                        and microwave radio relay
                                        international: 5 submarine cables;
                                        satellite earth stations - 1
                                        Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1
                                        Arabsat; coaxial cable and microwave
                                        radio relay to Algeria and Libya;
                                        participant in Medarabtel; two
                                        international gateway digital
                                        switches
              Radio broadcast stations: AM 7, FM 20, shortwave 2 (1998)
                                Radios: 2.06 million (1997)
         Television broadcast stations: 26 (plus 76 repeaters) (1995)
                           Televisions: 920,000 (1997)
                 Internet country code: .tn
     Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 1 (2000)
                        Internet users: 280,000 (2001)
  
   Transportation Tunisia
   ----------------------
                              Railways: total: 2,168 km
                                        standard gauge: 471 km 1.435-m gauge
  
                                        dual gauge: 10 km 1.000-m and 1.435-
                                        m gauges (three rails) (2001)
                                        narrow gauge: 1,687 km 1.000-m gauge
                              Highways: total: 23,100 km
                                        paved: 18,226 km
                                        unpaved: 4,874 km (1996)
                             Waterways: none
                             Pipelines: crude oil 797 km; petroleum products
                                        86 km; natural gas 742 km
                     Ports and harbors: Bizerte, Gabes, La Goulette, Sfax,
                                        Sousse, Tunis, Zarzis
                       Merchant marine: total: 16 ships (1,000 GRT or over)
                                        totaling 150,710 GRT/162,616 DWT
                                        ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 4,
                                        chemical tanker 4, liquefied gas 1,
                                        petroleum tanker 1, short-sea
                                        passenger 3, specialized tanker 1
                                        (2002 est.)
                              Airports: 30 (2001)
         Airports - with paved runways: total: 14
                                        over 3,047 m: 3
                                        2,438 to 3,047 m: 6
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2001)
       Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 16
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 7
                                        under 914 m: 7 (2001)
  
   Military Tunisia
   ----------------
                      Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary
                                         forces, National Guard
       Military manpower - military age: 20 years of age (2002 est.)
       Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 2,806,881 (2002
                                         est.)
    Military manpower - fit for military males age 15-49: 1,597,565 (2002
                                service: est.)
   Military manpower - reaching military males: 105,146 (2002 est.)
                           age annually:
          Military expenditures - dollar $356 million (FY99)
                                 figure:
      Military expenditures - percent of 1.5% (FY99)
                                    GDP:
  
   Transnational Issues Tunisia
   ----------------------------
                                              Disputes - international: none
  
                                       



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