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World Gazetteer Results for Shādegān:
NameShādegān
Original Namesشادگان
Geographical TypeLocality
Population37220
Latitude
Longitude
CountryIran
Administrative DivisionKhūzestān
Dictionary Results for Iran:
1. WordNet® 3.0 (2006)
Iran
    n 1: a theocratic Islamic republic in the Middle East in western
         Asia; Iran was the core of the ancient empire that was
         known as Persia until 1935; rich in oil [syn: Iran,
         Islamic Republic of Iran, Persia]

2. The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
Iran \I`ran"\ ([=e]`r[aum]n"), n. [Mod. Persian Ir[=a]n. Cf.
   Aryan.]
   The native name of Persia, the name adopted by the modern
   nation of Iran.
   [1913 Webster +PJC]

3. CIA World Factbook 2002
Iran

   Introduction Iran
   -----------------
                            Background: Known as Persia until 1935, Iran
                                        became an Islamic republic in 1979
                                        after the ruling shah was forced
                                        into exile. Conservative clerical
                                        forces subsequently crushed
                                        westernizing liberal elements.
                                        Militant Iranian students seized the
                                        US Embassy in Tehran on 4 November
                                        1979 and held it until 20 January
                                        1981. During 1980-88, Iran fought a
                                        bloody, indecisive war with Iraq
                                        over disputed territory. Key current
                                        issues affecting the country include
                                        the pace of accepting outside
                                        modernizing influences and
                                        reconciliation between clerical
                                        control of the regime and popular
                                        government participation and
                                        widespread demands for reform.
  
   Geography Iran
   --------------
                              Location: Middle East, bordering the Gulf of
                                        Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the
                                        Caspian Sea, between Iraq and
                                        Pakistan
                Geographic coordinates: 32 00 N, 53 00 E
                        Map references: Middle East
                                  Area: total: 1.648 million sq km
                                        land: 1.636 million sq km
                                        water: 12,000 sq km
                    Area - comparative: slightly larger than Alaska
                       Land boundaries: total: 5,440 km
                                        border countries: Afghanistan 936
                                        km, Armenia 35 km, Azerbaijan-proper
                                        432 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave
                                        179 km, Iraq 1,458 km, Pakistan 909
                                        km, Turkey 499 km, Turkmenistan 992
                                        km
                             Coastline: 2,440 km; note - Iran also borders
                                        the Caspian Sea (740 km)
                       Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 NM
                                        territorial sea: 12 NM
                                        continental shelf: natural
                                        prolongation
                                        exclusive economic zone: bilateral
                                        agreements or median lines in the
                                        Persian Gulf
                               Climate: mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical
                                        along Caspian coast
                               Terrain: rugged, mountainous rim; high,
                                        central basin with deserts,
                                        mountains; small, discontinuous
                                        plains along both coasts
                    Elevation extremes: lowest point: Caspian Sea -28 m
                                        highest point: kuh-e Damavand 5,671
                                        m
                     Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, coal,
                                        chromium, copper, iron ore, lead,
                                        manganese, zinc, sulfur
                              Land use: arable land: 10.17%
                                        permanent crops: 1.16%
                                        other: 88.67% (1998 est.)
                        Irrigated land: 75,620 sq km (1998 est.)
                       Natural hazards: periodic droughts, floods; dust
                                        storms, sandstorms; earthquakes
                                        along western border and in the
                                        northeast
          Environment - current issues: air pollution, especially in urban
                                        areas, from vehicle emissions,
                                        refinery operations, and industrial
                                        effluents; deforestation;
                                        overgrazing; desertification; oil
                                        pollution in the Persian Gulf;
                                        wetland losses from drought; soil
                                        degradation (salination); inadequate
                                        supplies of potable water; water
                                        pollution from raw sewage and
                                        industrial waste; urbanization
            Environment - international party to: Biodiversity, Climate
                            agreements: Change, Desertification, Endangered
                                        Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine
                                        Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone
                                        Layer Protection, Wetlands
                                        signed, but not ratified:
                                        Environmental Modification, Law of
                                        the Sea, Marine Life Conservation
                      Geography - note: strategic location on the Persian
                                        Gulf and Strait of Hormuz, which are
                                        vital maritime pathways for crude
                                        oil transport
  
   People Iran
   -----------
                            Population: 66,622,704 (July 2002 est.)
                         Age structure: 0-14 years: 31.6% (male 10,753,218;
                                        female 10,273,015)
                                        15-64 years: 63.7% (male 21,383,542;
                                        female 21,096,307)
                                        65 years and over: 4.7% (male
                                        1,633,016; female 1,483,606) (2002
                                        est.)
                Population growth rate: 0.77% (2002 est.)
                            Birth rate: 17.54 births/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                            Death rate: 5.39 deaths/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                    Net migration rate: -4.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population
                                        (2002 est.)
                             Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
                                        under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
                                        15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
                                        65 years and over: 1.1 male(s)/
                                        female
                                        total population: 1.03 male(s)/
                                        female (2002 est.)
                 Infant mortality rate: 28.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2002
                                        est.)
              Life expectancy at birth: total population: 70.25 years
                                        female: 71.69 years (2002 est.)
                                        male: 68.87 years
                  Total fertility rate: 2.01 children born/woman (2002 est.)
      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: less than 0.01% (1999 est.)
     HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ NA
                                  AIDS:
                     HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA
                           Nationality: noun: Iranian(s)
                                        adjective: Iranian
                         Ethnic groups: Persian 51%, Azeri 24%, Gilaki and
                                        Mazandarani 8%, Kurd 7%, Arab 3%,
                                        Lur 2%, Baloch 2%, Turkmen 2%, other
                                        1%
                             Religions: Shi'a Muslim 89%, Sunni Muslim 10%,
                                        Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and
                                        Baha'i 1%
                             Languages: Persian and Persian dialects 58%,
                                        Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%,
                                        Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%,
                                        Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%
                              Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
                                        and write
                                        total population: 72.1%
                                        male: 78.4%
                                        female: 65.8% (1994 est.)
  
   Government Iran
   ---------------
                          Country name: conventional long form: Islamic
                                        Republic of Iran
                                        conventional short form: Iran
                                        local short form: Iran
                                        local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-
                                        ye Iran
                                        former: Persia
                       Government type: theocratic republic
                               Capital: Tehran
              Administrative divisions: 28 provinces (ostanha, singular -
                                        ostan); Ardabil, Azarbayjan-
                                        e Gharbi, Azarbayjan-e Sharqi,
                                        Bushehr, Chahar Mahall va Bakhtiari,
                                        Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Golestan,
                                        Hamadan, Hormozgan, Ilam, Kerman,
                                        Kermanshah, Khorasan, Khuzestan,
                                        Kohkiluyeh va Buyer Ahmad,
                                        Kordestan, Lorestan, Markazi,
                                        Mazandaran, Qazvin, Qom, Semnan,
                                        Sistan va Baluchestan, Tehran, Yazd,
                                        Zanjan
                          Independence: 1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of
                                        Iran proclaimed)
                      National holiday: Republic Day, 1 April (1979)
                          Constitution: 2-3 December 1979; revised 1989 to
                                        expand powers of the presidency and
                                        eliminate the prime ministership
                          Legal system: the Constitution codifies Islamic
                                        principles of government
                              Suffrage: 15 years of age; universal
                      Executive branch: chief of state: Leader of the
                                        Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Ali
                                        Hoseini-KHAMENEI (since 4 June 1989)
  
                                        elections: leader of the Islamic
                                        Revolution appointed for life by the
                                        Assembly of Experts; president
                                        elected by popular vote for a four-
                                        year term; election last held 8 June
                                        2001 (next to be held NA 2005)
                                        election results: (Ali) Mohammad
                                        KHATAMI-Ardakani reelected
                                        president; percent of vote - (Ali)
                                        Mohammad KHATAMI-Ardakani 77%
                                        cabinet: Council of Ministers
                                        selected by the president with
                                        legislative approval
                                        head of government: President (Ali)
                                        Mohammad KHATAMI-Ardakani (since 3
                                        August 1997); First Vice President
                                        Dr. Mohammad Reza AREF-YAZDI (since
                                        26 August 2001)
                    Legislative branch: unicameral Islamic Consultative
                                        Assembly or Majles-e-Shura-ye-Eslami
                                        (290 seats, note - changed from 270
                                        seats with the 18 February 2000
                                        election; members elected by popular
                                        vote to serve four-year terms)
                                        elections: last held 18 February-NA
                                        April 2000 (next to be held NA 2004)
  
                                        election results: percent of vote -
                                        NA%; seats by party - reformers 170,
                                        conservatives 45, and independents
                                        10, 65 seats up for runoff; note -
                                        election on 5 May 2000 (reformers
                                        52, conservatives 10, independents
                                        3)
                       Judicial branch: Supreme Court
         Political parties and leaders: the following organizations appeared
                                        to have achieved considerable
                                        success at elections to the sixth
                                        Majlis in early 2000: Assembly of
                                        the Followers of the Imam's Line,
                                        Freethinkers' Front, Islamic Iran
                                        Participation Front, Moderation and
                                        Development Party, Servants of
                                        Construction Party, Society of Self-
                                        sacrificing Devotees
          Political pressure groups and active student groups include the
                               leaders: pro-reform "Organization for
                                        Strengthening Unity" and "the Union
                                        of Islamic Student Societies';
                                        groups that generally support the
                                        Islamic Republic include Ansar-
                                        e Hizballah, Mojahedin of the
                                        Islamic Revolution, Muslim Students
                                        Following the Line of the Imam, and
                                        the Islamic Coalition Association;
                                        opposition groups include the
                                        Liberation Movement of Iran and the
                                        Nation of Iran party; armed
                                        political groups that have been
                                        almost completely repressed by the
                                        government include Mojahedin-e Khalq
                                        Organization (MEK), People's
                                        Fedayeen, Democratic Party of
                                        Iranian Kurdistan; the Society for
                                        the Defense of Freedom
             International organization CCC, CP, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-19, G-
                         participation: 24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC,
                                        ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,
                                        IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC,
                                        IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OPEC,
                                        PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR,
                                        UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO,
                                        WMO, WToO
   Diplomatic representation in the US: none; note - Iran has an Interests
                                        Section in the Pakistani Embassy;
                                        address: Iranian Interests Section,
                                        Pakistani Embassy, 2209 Wisconsin
                                        Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007;
                                        telephone: [1] (202) 965-4990
     Diplomatic representation from the none; note - protecting power in
                                    US: Iran is Switzerland
                      Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of
                                        green (top), white, and red; the
                                        national emblem (a stylized
                                        representation of the word Allah in
                                        the shape of a tulip, a symbol of
                                        martyrdom) in red is centered in the
                                        white band; ALLAH AKBAR (God is
                                        Great) in white Arabic script is
                                        repeated 11 times along the bottom
                                        edge of the green band and 11 times
                                        along the top edge of the red band
  
   Economy Iran
   ------------
                    Economy - overview: Iran's economy is a mixture of
                                        central planning, state ownership of
                                        oil and other large enterprises,
                                        village agriculture, and small-scale
                                        private trading and service
                                        ventures. President KHATAMI has
                                        continued to follow the market
                                        reform plans of former President
                                        RAFSANJANI and has indicated that he
                                        will pursue diversification of
                                        Iran's oil-reliant economy although
                                        he has made little progress toward
                                        that goal. The strong oil market in
                                        1996 helped ease financial pressures
                                        on Iran and allowed for Tehran's
                                        timely debt service payments. Iran's
                                        financial situation tightened in
                                        1997 and deteriorated further in
                                        1998 because of lower oil prices.
                                        The subsequent rise in oil prices in
                                        1999-2000 afforded Iran fiscal
                                        breathing room but does not solve
                                        Iran's structural economic problems,
                                        including the encouragement of
                                        foreign investment.
                                   GDP: purchasing power parity - $426
                                        billion (2001 est.)
                GDP - real growth rate: 5% (2001 est.)
                      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $6,400
                                        (2001 est.)
           GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 20%
                                        industry: 24%
                                        services: 56% (2001 est.)
         Population below poverty line: 53% (1996 est.)
     Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: NA%
                      percentage share: highest 10%: NA%
      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 13% (2001 est.)
                           Labor force: 18 million
                                        note: shortage of skilled labor
                                        (1998)
           Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 30%, industry 25%,
                                        services 45% (2001 est.)
                     Unemployment rate: 14% (1999 est.)
                                Budget: revenues: $24 billion
                                        expenditures: $22 billion, including
                                        capital expenditures of $NA (2001
                                        est.)
                            Industries: petroleum, petrochemicals, textiles,
                                        cement and other construction
                                        materials, food processing
                                        (particularly sugar refining and
                                        vegetable oil production), metal
                                        fabricating, armaments
     Industrial production growth rate: 5.5% (2001 nonoil est.)
              Electricity - production: 120.33 billion kWh (2000)
    Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 94.24%
                                        hydro: 5.76%
                                        other: 0% (2000)
                                        nuclear: 0%
             Electricity - consumption: 111.907 billion kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (2000)
                Agriculture - products: wheat, rice, other grains, sugar
                                        beets, fruits, nuts, cotton; dairy
                                        products, wool; caviar
                               Exports: $27.4 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.)
                 Exports - commodities: petroleum 85%, carpets, fruits and
                                        nuts, iron and steel, chemicals
                    Exports - partners: Japan 20.5%, Italy 7%, UAE 5.9%,
                                        France 4.7%, China 4.1% (1999)
                               Imports: $17.2 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.)
                 Imports - commodities: industrial raw materials and
                                        intermediate goods, capital goods,
                                        foodstuffs and other consumer goods,
                                        technical services, military
                                        supplies
                    Imports - partners: Germany 11%, Italy 8.3%, China 6.1%,
                                        Japan 5.3%, UAE 5% (1999)
                       Debt - external: $7.3 billion (2001 est.)
              Economic aid - recipient: $116.5 million (1995)
                              Currency: Iranian rial (IRR)
                         Currency code: IRR
                        Exchange rates: from 1997 to 2001, Iran had a multi-
                                        exchange-rate system; one of these
                                        rates, the official floating
                                        exchange rate, by which most
                                        essential goods were imported,
                                        averaged 1,750 rials per US dollar;
                                        in March 2002, the multi-exchange-
                                        rate system was converged into one
                                        rate at about 7,900 rials per US
                                        dollar
                           Fiscal year: 21 March - 20 March
  
   Communications Iran
   -------------------
        Telephones - main lines in use: 6.313 million (1997)
          Telephones - mobile cellular: 265,000 (August 1998)
                      Telephone system: general assessment: inadequate but
                                        currently being modernized and
                                        expanded with the goal of not only
                                        improving the efficiency and
                                        increasing the volume of the urban
                                        service but also bringing telephone
                                        service to several thousand
                                        villages, not presently connected
                                        domestic: as a result of heavy
                                        investing in the telephone system
                                        since 1994, the number of long-
                                        distance channels in the microwave
                                        radio relay trunk has grown
                                        substantially; many villages have
                                        been brought into the net; the
                                        number of main lines in the urban
                                        systems has approximately doubled;
                                        and thousands of mobile cellular
                                        subscribers are being served;
                                        moreover, the technical level of the
                                        system has been raised by the
                                        installation of thousands of digital
                                        switches
                                        international: HF radio and
                                        microwave radio relay to Turkey,
                                        Azerbaijan, Pakistan, Afghanistan,
                                        Turkmenistan, Syria, Kuwait,
                                        Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan;
                                        submarine fiber-optic cable to UAE
                                        with access to Fiber-Optic Link
                                        Around the Globe (FLAG); Trans-Asia-
                                        Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line runs
                                        from Azerbaijan through the northern
                                        portion of Iran to Turkmenistan with
                                        expansion to Georgia and Azerbaijan;
                                        satellite earth stations - 9
                                        Intelsat and 4 Inmarsat; Internet
                                        service available but limited to
                                        electronic mail to promote Iranian
                                        culture
              Radio broadcast stations: AM 72, FM 5, shortwave 5 (1998)
                                Radios: 17 million (1997)
         Television broadcast stations: 28 (plus 450 low-power repeaters)
                                        (1997)
                           Televisions: 4.61 million (1997)
                 Internet country code: .ir
     Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 8 (2000)
                        Internet users: 250,000 (2001)
  
   Transportation Iran
   -------------------
                              Railways: total: 6,130 km
                                        broad gauge: 94 km 1.676-m gauge
                                        standard gauge: 6,036 km 1.435-
                                        m gauge (187 km electrified)
                                        note: broad-gauge track is employed
                                        at the borders with Azerbaijan and
                                        Turkmenistan which have broad-gauge
                                        rail systems; 41 km of the standard-
                                        gauge, electrified track is in
                                        suburban service at Tehran (2001)
                              Highways: total: 140,200 km
                                        paved: 49,440 km (including 470 km
                                        of expressways)
                                        unpaved: 90,760 km (1998 est.)
                             Waterways: 904 km
                                        note: the Shatt al Arab is usually
                                        navigable by maritime traffic for
                                        about 130 km; channel has been
                                        dredged to 3 m and is in use
                             Pipelines: crude oil 5,900 km; petroleum
                                        products 3,900 km; natural gas 4,550
                                        km
                     Ports and harbors: Abadan (largely destroyed in
                                        fighting during 1980-88 war), Ahvaz,
                                        Bandar 'Abbas, Bandar-e Anzali,
                                        Bushehr, Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni,
                                        Bandar-e Lengeh, Bandar-e Mahshahr,
                                        Bandar-e Torkaman, Chabahar (Bandar
                                        Beheshti), Jazireh-ye Khark,
                                        Jazireh-ye Lavan, Jazireh-ye Sirri,
                                        Khorramshahr (limited operation
                                        since November 1992), Now Shahr
                       Merchant marine: total: 147 ships (1,000 GRT or over)
                                        totaling 4,136,971 GRT/7,166,703 DWT
  
                                        ships by type: bulk 48, cargo 36,
                                        chemical tanker 4, container 10,
                                        liquefied gas 1, multi-functional
                                        large-load carrier 6, petroleum
                                        tanker 30, refrigerated cargo 2,
                                        roll on/roll off 9, short-sea
                                        passenger 1 (2002 est.)
                              Airports: 322 (2001)
         Airports - with paved runways: total: 118
                                        over 3,047 m: 40
                                        2,438 to 3,047 m: 24
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 23
                                        under 914 m: 7 (2001)
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 24
       Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 204
                                        under 914 m: 63 (2001)
                                        over 3,047 m: 1
                                        2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 124
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 13
                             Heliports: 11 (2001)
  
   Military Iran
   -------------
                     Military branches: Islamic Republic of Iran regular
                                        forces (includes Ground Forces,
                                        Navy, Air Force and Air Defense
                                        Command), Iranian Revolutionary
                                        Guards Corps (IRGC) (includes Ground
                                        Forces, Air Force, Navy, Qods
                                        [special operations], and Basij
                                        [Popular Mobilization Army] forces),
                                        Law Enforcement Forces
      Military manpower - military age: 21 years of age (2002 est.)
      Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 18,868,571 (2002
                                        est.)
   Military manpower - fit for military males age 15-49: 11,192,731 (2002
                               service: est.)
           Military manpower - reaching males: 823,041 (2002 est.)
                 military age annually:
         Military expenditures - dollar $9.7 billion (FY00)
                                figure:
     Military expenditures - percent of 3.1% (FY00)
                                   GDP:
  
   Transnational Issues Iran
   -------------------------
              Disputes - international: despite restored diplomatic
                                        relations in 1990, Iran lacks
                                        maritime boundary with Iraq and
                                        disputes land boundary, navigation
                                        channels, and other issues from
                                        eight-year war; UAE seeks United
                                        Arab League and other international
                                        support against Iran's occupation of
                                        Greater Tunb Island (called Tunb al
                                        Kubra in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-
                                        ye Tonb-e Bozorg in Persian by Iran)
                                        and Lesser Tunb Island (called Tunb
                                        as Sughra in Arabic by UAE and
                                        Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Kuchek in Persian
                                        by Iran) and attempts to occupy
                                        completely a jointly administered
                                        island in the Persian Gulf (called
                                        Abu Musa in Arabic by UAE and
                                        Jazireh-ye Abu Musa in Persian by
                                        Iran); Iran insists on division of
                                        Caspian Sea into five equal sectors
                                        while Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan,
                                        Russia, and Turkmenistan have
                                        generally agreed upon equidistant
                                        seabed boundaries; Iran threatens to
                                        conduct oil exploration in
                                        Azerbaijani-claimed waters, while
                                        interdicting Azerbaijani activities
                         Illicit drugs: despite substantial interdiction
                                        efforts, Iran remains a key
                                        transshipment point for Southwest
                                        Asian heroin to Europe; domestic
                                        narcotics consumption remains a
                                        persistent problem and Iranian press
                                        reports estimate at least 1.8
                                        million drug users in the country
  
                                       



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