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World Gazetteer Results for Salyan:
NameSalyan
Geographical TypeDistrict
Population225581
CountryNepal
Dictionary Results for Nepal:
1. WordNet® 3.0 (2006)
Nepal
    n 1: a small landlocked Asian country high in the Himalayas
         between India and China [syn: Nepal, Kingdom of Nepal]

2. CIA World Factbook 2002
Nepal

   Introduction Nepal
   ------------------
                            Background: In 1951, the Nepalese monarch ended
                                        the century-old system of rule by
                                        hereditary premiers and instituted a
                                        cabinet system of government.
                                        Reforms in 1990 established a
                                        multiparty democracy within the
                                        framework of a constitutional
                                        monarchy. The refugee issue of some
                                        100,000 Bhutanese in Nepal remains
                                        unresolved; 90% of these displaced
                                        persons are housed in seven United
                                        Nations Offices of the High
                                        Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
                                        camps.
  
   Geography Nepal
   ---------------
                              Location: Southern Asia, between China and
                                        India
                Geographic coordinates: 28 00 N, 84 00 E
                        Map references: Asia
                                  Area: total: 140,800 sq km
                                        water: 4,000 sq km
                                        land: 136,800 sq km
                    Area - comparative: slightly larger than Arkansas
                       Land boundaries: total: 2,926 km
                                        border countries: China 1,236 km,
                                        India 1,690 km
                             Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
                       Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
                               Climate: varies from cool summers and severe
                                        winters in north to subtropical
                                        summers and mild winters in south
                               Terrain: Terai or flat river plain of the
                                        Ganges in south, central hill
                                        region, rugged Himalayas in north
                    Elevation extremes: lowest point: Kanchan Kalan 70 m
                                        highest point: Mount Everest 8,850 m
                                        (1999 est.)
                     Natural resources: quartz, water, timber, hydropower,
                                        scenic beauty, small deposits of
                                        lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore
                              Land use: arable land: 20.27%
                                        permanent crops: 0.49%
                                        other: 79.24% (1998 est.)
                        Irrigated land: 11,350 sq km (1998 est.)
                       Natural hazards: severe thunderstorms, flooding,
                                        landslides, drought, and famine
                                        depending on the timing, intensity,
                                        and duration of the summer monsoons
          Environment - current issues: deforestation (overuse of wood for
                                        fuel and lack of alternatives);
                                        contaminated water (with human and
                                        animal wastes, agricultural runoff,
                                        and industrial effluents); wildlife
                                        conservation; vehicular emissions
            Environment - international party to: Biodiversity, Climate
                            agreements: Change, Desertification, Endangered
                                        Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of
                                        the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone
                                        Layer Protection, Tropical Timber
                                        83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
                                        signed, but not ratified: Marine
                                        Dumping, Marine Life Conservation
                      Geography - note: landlocked; strategic location
                                        between China and India; contains
                                        eight of world's 10 highest peaks,
                                        including Mount Everest - the
                                        world's tallest - on the border with
                                        China
  
   People Nepal
   ------------
                            Population: 25,873,917 (July 2002 est.)
                         Age structure: 0-14 years: 40% (male 5,346,422;
                                        female 5,007,416)
                                        15-64 years: 56.4% (male 7,476,202;
                                        female 7,125,471)
                                        65 years and over: 3.6% (male
                                        453,263; female 465,143) (2002 est.)
                Population growth rate: 2.29% (2002 est.)
                            Birth rate: 32.94 births/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                            Death rate: 10.03 deaths/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                    Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                             Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
                                        under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
                                        15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
                                        65 years and over: 0.97 male(s)/
                                        female
                                        total population: 1.05 male(s)/
                                        female (2002 est.)
                 Infant mortality rate: 72.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2002
                                        est.)
              Life expectancy at birth: total population: 58.61 years
                                        female: 58.2 years (2002 est.)
                                        male: 59.01 years
                  Total fertility rate: 4.48 children born/woman (2002 est.)
      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.29% (1999 est.)
     HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ 34,000 (1999 est.)
                                  AIDS:
                     HIV/AIDS - deaths: 2,500 (1999 est.)
                           Nationality: noun: Nepalese (singular and plural)
  
                                        adjective: Nepalese
                         Ethnic groups: Brahman, Chetri, Newar, Gurung,
                                        Magar, Tamang, Rai, Limbu, Sherpa,
                                        Tharu, and others (1995)
                             Religions: Hinduism 86.2%, Buddhism 7.8%, Islam
                                        3.8%, other 2.2%
                                        note: only official Hindu state in
                                        the world (1995)
                             Languages: Nepali (official; spoken by 90% of
                                        the population), about a dozen other
                                        languages and about 30 major
                                        dialects; note - many in government
                                        and business also speak English
                                        (1995)
                              Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
                                        and write
                                        total population: 27.5%
                                        male: 40.9%
                                        female: 14% (1995 est.)
  
   Government Nepal
   ----------------
                          Country name: conventional long form: Kingdom of
                                        Nepal
                                        conventional short form: Nepal
                       Government type: parliamentary democracy and
                                        constitutional monarchy
                               Capital: Kathmandu
              Administrative divisions: 14 zones (anchal, singular and
                                        plural); Bagmati, Bheri,
                                        Dhawalagiri, Gandaki, Janakpur,
                                        Karnali, Kosi, Lumbini, Mahakali,
                                        Mechi, Narayani, Rapti, Sagarmatha,
                                        Seti
                          Independence: 1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan
                                        Shah)
                      National holiday: Birthday of King GYANENDRA, 7 July
                                        (1946)
                          Constitution: 9 November 1990
                          Legal system: based on Hindu legal concepts and
                                        English common law; has not accepted
                                        compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
                              Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
                      Executive branch: chief of state: King GYANENDRA Bir
                                        Bikram Shah (succeeded to the throne
                                        4 June 2001 following the death of
                                        his nephew, King DIPENDRA Bir Bikram
                                        Shah)
                                        head of government: Prime Minister
                                        Sher Bahadur DEUBA (since 22 July
                                        2001)
                                        cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the
                                        monarch on the recommendation of the
                                        prime minister
                                        elections: none; the monarch is
                                        hereditary; following legislative
                                        elections, the leader of the
                                        majority party or leader of a
                                        majority coalition is usually
                                        appointed prime minister by the
                                        monarch
                                        note: King BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah
                                        Dev died in a bloody shooting at the
                                        royal palace on 1 June 2001 that
                                        also claimed the lives of most of
                                        the royal family; King BIRENDRA's
                                        son, Crown Price DIPENDRA, is
                                        believed to have been responsible
                                        for the shootings before fatally
                                        wounding himself; immediately
                                        following the shootings and while
                                        still clinging to life, DIPENDRA was
                                        crowned king; he died three days
                                        later and was succeeded by his uncle
                    Legislative branch: note: Nepal's Parliament was
                                        dissolved on 22 May 2002 and
                                        elections are scheduled for 13
                                        November 2002
                                        : bicameral Parliament consists of
                                        the National Council (60 seats; 35
                                        appointed by the House of
                                        Representatives, 10 by the king, and
                                        15 elected by an electoral college;
                                        one-third of the members elected
                                        every two years to serve six-year
                                        terms) and the House of
                                        Representatives (205 seats; members
                                        elected by popular vote to serve
                                        five-year terms)
                                        election results: House of
                                        Representatives - percent of vote by
                                        party - NC 37.3%, CPN/UML 31.6%, NDP
                                        10.4%, NSP 3.2%, Rastriya Jana
                                        Morcha 1.4%, Samyukta Janmorcha
                                        Nepal 0.8%, NWPP 0.5%, others 14.8%;
                                        seats by party - NC 113, CPN/UML 69,
                                        NDP 11, NSP 5, Rastriya Jana Morcha
                                        5, Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal 1, NWPP
                                        1
                                        elections: House of Representatives
                                        - last held 3 and 17 May 1999 (next
                                        to be held 13 November 2002)
                       Judicial branch: Supreme Court or Sarbochha Adalat
                                        (chief justice is appointed by the
                                        monarch on recommendation of the
                                        Constitutional Council; the other
                                        judges are appointed by the monarch
                                        on the recommendation of the
                                        Judicial Council)
         Political parties and leaders: Communist Party of Nepal/United
                                        Marxist-Leninist or CPN/UML [Madhav
                                        Kumar NEPAL, general secretary];
                                        National Democratic Party or NDP
                                        (also called Rastriya Prajantra
                                        Party or RPP) [Surya Bahadur THAPA,
                                        chairman]; National People's Front
                                        (Rastriya Jana Morcha) [Chitra
                                        Bahadur, chairman]; Nepal Sadbhavana
                                        (Goodwill) Party or NSP [Bhadri
                                        Prasad MANDAL, acting party
                                        president]; Nepal Workers and
                                        Peasants Party or NWPP [Narayan Man
                                        BIJUKCHHE, party chair]; Nepali
                                        Congress or NC [Girija Prasad
                                        KOIRALA, party president, Sushil
                                        KOIRALA, general secretary];
                                        Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal [Lila Mani
                                        POKHAREL, general secretary]
          Political pressure groups and Maoist guerrilla-based insurgency;
                               leaders: numerous small, left-leaning student
                                        groups in the capital; several
                                        small, radical Nepalese
                                        antimonarchist groups
             International organization AsDB, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77,
                         participation: IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA,
                                        IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO,
                                        Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO
                                        (correspondent), ITU, MONUC, NAM,
                                        OPCW, SAARC, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD,
                                        UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNIFIL,
                                        UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT,
                                        UNTAET, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
                                        WToO, WTrO (observer)
   Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador-
                                        designate Jai Pratap RANA
                                        chancery: 2131 Leroy Place NW,
                                        Washington, DC 20008
                                        consulate(s) general: New York
                                        FAX: [1] (202) 667-5534
                                        telephone: [1] (202) 667-4550
     Diplomatic representation from the chief of mission: Ambassador Michael
                                    US: E. MALINOWSKI (since December 2001)
                                        embassy: Panipokhari, Kathmandu
                                        mailing address: use embassy street
                                        address
                                        telephone: [977] (1) 411179
                                        FAX: [977] (1) 419963
                      Flag description: red with a blue border around the
                                        unique shape of two overlapping
                                        right triangles; the smaller, upper
                                        triangle bears a white stylized moon
                                        and the larger, lower triangle bears
                                        a white 12-pointed sun
  
   Economy Nepal
   -------------
                    Economy - overview: Nepal is among the poorest and least
                                        developed countries in the world
                                        with nearly half of its population
                                        living below the poverty line.
                                        Agriculture is the mainstay of the
                                        economy, providing a livelihood for
                                        over 80% of the population and
                                        accounting for 41% of GDP.
                                        Industrial activity mainly involves
                                        the processing of agricultural
                                        produce including jute, sugarcane,
                                        tobacco, and grain. Textile and
                                        carpet production, accounteing for
                                        about 80% of foreign exchange
                                        earnings in recent years, contracted
                                        significantly in 2001 due to the
                                        overall slowdown in the world
                                        economy and pressures by Maoist
                                        insurgents on factory owners and
                                        workers. Security concerns in the
                                        wake of Maoist activity, the June
                                        massacre of many members of the
                                        royal family, and the September 11
                                        terrorist attacks in the US led to a
                                        decrease in tourism, another key
                                        source of foreign exchange.
                                        Agricultural production is growing
                                        by about 5% on average as compared
                                        with annual population growth of
                                        2.3%. Since May 1991, the government
                                        has been moving forward with
                                        economic reforms, particularly those
                                        that encourage trade and foreign
                                        investment, e.g., by reducing
                                        business licenses and registration
                                        requirements to simplify investment
                                        procedures. The government has also
                                        been cutting expenditures by
                                        reducing subsidies, privatizing
                                        state industries, and laying off
                                        civil servants. More recently,
                                        however, political instability -
                                        five different governments over the
                                        past few years - has hampered
                                        Kathmandu's ability to forge
                                        consensus to implement key economic
                                        reforms. Nepal has considerable
                                        scope for accelerating economic
                                        growth by exploiting its potential
                                        in hydropower and tourism, areas of
                                        recent foreign investment interest.
                                        Prospects for foreign trade or
                                        investment in other sectors will
                                        remain poor, however, because of the
                                        small size of the economy, its
                                        technological backwardness, its
                                        remoteness, its landlocked
                                        geographic location, and its
                                        susceptibility to natural disaster.
                                        The international community's role
                                        of funding more than 60% of Nepal's
                                        development budget and more than 28%
                                        of total budgetary expenditures will
                                        likely continue as a major
                                        ingredient of growth.
                                   GDP: purchasing power parity - $35.6
                                        billion (2001 est.)
                GDP - real growth rate: 2.6% (2001 est.)
                      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $1,400
                                        (2001 est.)
           GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 41%
                                        industry: 22%
                                        services: 37% (2000 est.)
         Population below poverty line: 42% (FY95/96 est.)
     Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: 3.2%
                      percentage share: highest 10%: 29.8% (1995-96)
   Distribution of family income - Gini 36.7 (1995-96)
                                 index:
      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.1% (FY00/01 est.)
                           Labor force: 10 million (1996 est.)
                                        note: severe lack of skilled labor
           Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 81%, services 16%,
                                        industry 3%
                     Unemployment rate: 47% (2001 est.)
                                Budget: revenues: $665 million
                                        expenditures: $1.1 billion,
                                        including capital expenditures of
                                        $NA (FY99/00 est.)
                            Industries: tourism, carpet, textile; small
                                        rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed
                                        mills; cigarette; cement and brick
                                        production
     Industrial production growth rate: 8.7% (FY99/00)
              Electricity - production: 1.454 billion kWh (2000)
    Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 9.56%
                                        hydro: 90.44%
                                        other: 0% (2000)
                                        nuclear: 0%
             Electricity - consumption: 1.431 billion kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - exports: 95 million kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - imports: 174 million kWh (2000)
                Agriculture - products: rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, root
                                        crops; milk, water buffalo meat
                               Exports: $757 million (f.o.b., FY00/01 est.),
                                        but does not include unrecorded
                                        border trade with India
                 Exports - commodities: carpets, clothing, leather goods,
                                        jute goods, grain
                    Exports - partners: India 48%, US 26%, Germany 11%
                                        (FY00/01)
                               Imports: $1.6 billion (f.o.b., FY00/01 est.)
                 Imports - commodities: gold, machinery and equipment,
                                        petroleum products, fertilizer
                    Imports - partners: India 39%, Singapore 10%, China/Hong
                                        Kong 9%, (FY00/01)
                       Debt - external: $2.55 billion (FY00/01)
              Economic aid - recipient: $424 million (FY00/01)
                              Currency: Nepalese rupee (NPR)
                         Currency code: NPR
                        Exchange rates: Nepalese rupees per US dollar -
                                        76.675 (January 2002), 74.961
                                        (2001), 71.094 (2000), 68.239
                                        (1999), 65.976 (1998), 58.010 (1997)
                           Fiscal year: 16 July - 15 July
  
   Communications Nepal
   --------------------
        Telephones - main lines in use: 236,816 (January 2000)
          Telephones - mobile cellular: NA
                      Telephone system: general assessment: poor telephone
                                        and telegraph service; fair
                                        radiotelephone communication service
                                        and mobile cellular telephone
                                        network
                                        domestic: NA
                                        international: radiotelephone
                                        communications; microwave landline
                                        to India; satellite earth station -
                                        1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
              Radio broadcast stations: AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (January
                                        2000)
                                Radios: 840,000 (1997)
         Television broadcast stations: 1 (plus 9 repeaters) (1998)
                           Televisions: 130,000 (1997)
                 Internet country code: .np
     Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 6 (2000)
                        Internet users: 50,000 (2001)
  
   Transportation Nepal
   --------------------
                                Railways: total: 59 km
                                          narrow gauge: 59 km 0.762-m gauge
                                          note: all in Kosi close to Indian
                                          border (2001)
                                Highways: total: 13,223 km
                                          paved: 4,073 km
                                          unpaved: 9,150 km (April 1999)
                               Waterways: none
                       Ports and harbors: none
                                Airports: 45 (2001)
           Airports - with paved runways: total: 8
                                          over 3,047 m: 1
                                          1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
                                          914 to 1,523 m: 6 (2001)
         Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 37
                                          1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
                                          914 to 1,523 m: 7
                                          under 914 m: 29 (2001)
  
   Military Nepal
   --------------
                     Military branches: Royal Nepalese Army (includes Royal
                                        Nepalese Army Air Service), Nepalese
                                        Police Force
      Military manpower - military age: 17 years of age (2002 est.)
      Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 6,484,343 (2002
                                        est.)
   Military manpower - fit for military males age 15-49: 3,369,454 (2002
                               service: est.)
           Military manpower - reaching males: 292,589 (2002 est.)
                 military age annually:
         Military expenditures - dollar $51.5 million (FY01)
                                figure:
     Military expenditures - percent of 1% (FY01)
                                   GDP:
  
   Transnational Issues Nepal
   --------------------------
              Disputes - international: formed Joint Border committee with
                                        India in 2001 to resolve 53 disputed
                                        sections of boundary covering an
                                        area of 720 sq km; approximately
                                        100,000 Bhutanese refugees living in
                                        Nepal, 90% of whom reside in seven
                                        UN Office of the High Commissioner
                                        for Refugees camps, place decades-
                                        long strains on Nepal
                         Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis for the
                                        domestic and international drug
                                        markets; transit point for opiates
                                        from Southeast Asia to the West
  
                                       



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