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World Gazetteer Results for Rwamagana:
NameRwamagana
Alternate NamesRuamagana
Geographical TypeLocality
Population50081
Latitude
Longitude
CountryRwanda
Administrative DivisionKibungo
Dictionary Results for Rwanda:
1. WordNet® 3.0 (2006)
Rwanda
    n 1: a landlocked republic in central Africa; formerly a German
         colony [syn: Rwanda, Rwandese Republic, Ruanda]

2. CIA World Factbook 2002
Rwanda

   Introduction Rwanda
   -------------------
                            Background: In 1959, three years before
                                        independence from Belgium, the
                                        majority ethnic group, the Hutus,
                                        overthrew the ruling Tutsi king.
                                        Over the next several years
                                        thousands of Tutsis were killed, and
                                        some 150,000 driven into exile in
                                        neighboring countries. The children
                                        of these exiles later formed a rebel
                                        group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front
                                        and began a civil war in 1990. The
                                        war, along with several political
                                        and economic upheavals, exacerbated
                                        ethnic tensions culminating in April
                                        1994 in the genocide of roughly
                                        800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus.
                                        The Tutsi rebels defeated the Hutu
                                        regime and ended the killing in July
                                        1994, but approximately 2 million
                                        Hutu refugees - many fearing Tutsi
                                        retribution - fled to neighboring
                                        Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, and
                                        Zaire. Since then most of the
                                        refugees have returned to Rwanda.
                                        Despite substantial international
                                        assistance and political reforms -
                                        including Rwanda's first local
                                        elections in March 1999 - the
                                        country continues to struggle to
                                        boost investment and agricultural
                                        output and to foster reconciliation.
                                        A series of massive population
                                        displacements, a nagging Hutu
                                        extremist insurgency, and Rwandan
                                        involvement in two wars over the
                                        past four years in the neighboring
                                        DROC continue to hinder Rwanda's
                                        efforts.
  
   Geography Rwanda
   ----------------
                              Location: Central Africa, east of Democratic
                                        Republic of the Congo
                Geographic coordinates: 2 00 S, 30 00 E
                        Map references: Africa
                                  Area: total: 26,338 sq km
                                        water: 1,390 sq km
                                        land: 24,948 sq km
                    Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Maryland
                       Land boundaries: total: 893 km
                                        border countries: Burundi 290 km,
                                        Democratic Republic of the Congo 217
                                        km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km
                             Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
                       Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
                               Climate: temperate; two rainy seasons
                                        (February to April, November to
                                        January); mild in mountains with
                                        frost and snow possible
                               Terrain: mostly grassy uplands and hills;
                                        relief is mountainous with altitude
                                        declining from west to east
                    Elevation extremes: lowest point: Rusizi River 950 m
                                        highest point: Volcan Karisimbi
                                        4,519 m
                     Natural resources: gold, cassiterite (tin ore),
                                        wolframite (tungsten ore), methane,
                                        hydropower, arable land
                              Land use: arable land: 32.43%
                                        permanent crops: 10.13%
                                        other: 57.44% (1998 est.)
                        Irrigated land: 40 sq km (1998 est.)
                       Natural hazards: periodic droughts; the volcanic
                                        Virunga mountains are in the
                                        northwest along the border with
                                        Democratic Republic of the Congo
          Environment - current issues: deforestation results from
                                        uncontrolled cutting of trees for
                                        fuel; overgrazing; soil exhaustion;
                                        soil erosion; widespread poaching
            Environment - international party to: Biodiversity, Climate
                            agreements: Change, Desertification, Endangered
                                        Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone
                                        Layer Protection
                                        signed, but not ratified: Law of the
                                        Sea
                      Geography - note: landlocked; most of the country is
                                        savanna grassland with the
                                        population predominantly rural
  
   People Rwanda
   -------------
                            Population: 7,398,074
                                        note: estimates for this country
                                        explicitly take into account the
                                        effects of excess mortality due to
                                        AIDS; this can result in lower life
                                        expectancy, higher infant mortality
                                        and death rates, lower population
                                        and growth rates, and changes in the
                                        distribution of population by age
                                        and sex than would otherwise be
                                        expected (July 2002 est.)
                         Age structure: 0-14 years: 41.7% (male 1,550,141;
                                        female 1,539,375)
                                        15-64 years: 55.4% (male 2,039,573;
                                        female 2,057,059)
                                        65 years and over: 2.9% (male
                                        84,030; female 127,896) (2002 est.)
                Population growth rate: 1.16% (2002 est.)
                            Birth rate: 33.28 births/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                            Death rate: 21.39 deaths/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                    Net migration rate: -0.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population
                                        (2002 est.)
                             Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
                                        under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
                                        15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
                                        65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/
                                        female
                                        total population: 0.99 male(s)/
                                        female (2002 est.)
                 Infant mortality rate: 117.79 deaths/1,000 live births
                                        (2002 est.)
              Life expectancy at birth: total population: 38.66 years
                                        female: 39.2 years (2002 est.)
                                        male: 38.14 years
                  Total fertility rate: 4.72 children born/woman (2002 est.)
      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 11.21% (1999 est.)
     HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ 400,000 (1999 est.)
                                  AIDS:
                     HIV/AIDS - deaths: 40,000 (1999 est.)
                           Nationality: noun: Rwandan(s)
                                        adjective: Rwandan
                         Ethnic groups: Hutu 84%, Tutsi 15%, Twa (Pygmoid)
                                        1%
                             Religions: Roman Catholic 56.5%, Protestant
                                        26%, Adventist 11.1%, Muslim 4.6%,
                                        indigenous beliefs 0.1%, none 1.7%
                                        (2001)
                             Languages: Kinyarwanda (official) universal
                                        Bantu vernacular, French (official),
                                        English (official), Kiswahili
                                        (Swahili) used in commercial centers
                              Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
                                        and write
                                        total population: 48%
                                        male: 52%
                                        female: 45% (1995 est.)
  
   Government Rwanda
   -----------------
                          Country name: conventional long form: Rwandese
                                        Republic
                                        conventional short form: Rwanda
                                        local short form: Rwanda
                                        former: Ruanda
                                        local long form: Republika y'u
                                        Rwanda
                       Government type: republic; presidential, multiparty
                                        system
                               Capital: Kigali
              Administrative divisions: 12 prefectures (in French -
                                        prefectures, singular - prefecture;
                                        in Kinyarwanda - plural - NA,
                                        singular - prefegitura); Butare,
                                        Byumba, Cyangugu, Gikongoro,
                                        Gisenyi, Gitarama, Kibungo, Kibuye,
                                        Kigali Rurale, Kigali-ville,
                                        Umutara, Ruhengeri
                          Independence: 1 July 1962 (from Belgium-
                                        administered UN trusteeship)
                      National holiday: Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
                          Constitution: on 5 May 1995, the Transitional
                                        National Assembly adopted as
                                        Fundamental Law the constitution of
                                        18 June 1991, provisions of the 1993
                                        Arusha peace accord, the July 1994
                                        Declaration by the Rwanda Patriotic
                                        Front, and the November 1994
                                        multiparty protocol of understanding
                          Legal system: based on German and Belgian civil
                                        law systems and customary law;
                                        judicial review of legislative acts
                                        in the Supreme Court; has not
                                        accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
                              Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal adult
                      Executive branch: chief of state: President Maj. Gen.
                                        Paul KAGAME (FPR) (since 22 April
                                        2000)
                                        head of government: Prime Minister
                                        Bernard MAKUZA (since 8 March 2000)
                                        cabinet: Council of Ministers
                                        appointed by the president
                                        elections: normally the president is
                                        elected by popular vote for a five-
                                        year term; special election for new
                                        president by deputies of the
                                        National Assembly and governmental
                                        ministers held 17 April 2000 (next
                                        national election to be held NA
                                        2003); prime minister is appointed
                                        by the president
                                        election results: Paul KAGAME (FPR)
                                        elected president in a special
                                        parliamentary/ministerial ballot
                                        receiving 81 of a possible 86 votes
                    Legislative branch: unicameral Transitional National
                                        Assembly or Assemblee Nationale de
                                        Transition (a power-sharing body
                                        with 70 seats established on 12
                                        December 1994 following a multiparty
                                        protocol of understanding; members
                                        were named by their parties, number
                                        of seats per party predetermined by
                                        the Arusha peace accord)
                                        note: four additional seats, two for
                                        women and two for youth, added in
                                        2001
                                        election results: seats by party
                                        under the Arusha peace accord - FPR
                                        13, MDR 13, PSD 13, PL 13, PDC 6,
                                        RPA 6, PSR 2, PDI 2, UDPR 2; note -
                                        the distribution of seats was
                                        predetermined, four additional seats
                                        (two for women and two for youth)
                                        added in 2001
                                        elections: the last national
                                        legislative elections were held 16
                                        December 1988 for the National
                                        Development Council (the legislature
                                        prior to the advent of the
                                        Transitional National Assembly); no
                                        elections have been held for the
                                        Transitional National Assembly as
                                        the distribution of seats was
                                        predetermined by the Arusha peace
                                        accord
                       Judicial branch: Supreme Court; communal courts;
                                        appeals courts
         Political parties and leaders: Centrist Democratic Party or PDC
                                        [Jean-Nipomuscene NAYINZIRA];
                                        Democratic Socialist Party or PSD
                                        [leader NA]; Democratic Popular
                                        Union of Rwanda or UDPR [leader NA];
                                        Democratic Republican Movement or
                                        MDR [Celestin KABANDA]; Islamic
                                        Democratic Party or PDI [Andre
                                        BUMAYA]; Liberal Party or PL [Pie
                                        MUGABO]; Party for Democratic
                                        Renewal (officially banned) [Pasteur
                                        BIZIMURGI and Charilg NTAKIROTINKA];
                                        Rwanda Patriotic Army or RPA [Maj.
                                        Gen. Paul KAGAME, commander]; Rwanda
                                        Patriotic Front or FPR [Maj. Gen.
                                        Paul KAGAME]; Rwandan Socialist
                                        Party or PSR [leader NA]
          Political pressure groups and IBUKA - association of genocide
                               leaders: survivors
             International organization ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL,
                         participation: ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU,
                                        ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO,
                                        IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer),
                                        ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU,
                                        OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD,
                                        UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO,
                                        WMO, WToO, WTrO
   Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Richard
                                        SEZIBERA
                                        chancery: 1714 New Hampshire Ave.
                                        NW, Washington, DC 20009
                                        FAX: [1] (202) 232-4544
                                        telephone: [1] (202) 232-2882
     Diplomatic representation from the chief of mission: Ambassador
                                    US: Margaret K. McMILLION since 13
                                        December 2001
                                        embassy: #337 Boulevard de la
                                        Revolution, Kigali
                                        mailing address: B. P. 28, Kigali
                                        telephone: [250] 50 56 01 through 03
  
                                        FAX: [250] 721 28
                      Flag description: three horizontal bands of sky blue
                                        (top, double width), yellow, and
                                        green, with a golden sun with 24
                                        rays near the fly end of the blue
                                        band
  
   Economy Rwanda
   --------------
                    Economy - overview: Rwanda is a rural country with about
                                        90% of the population engaged in
                                        (mainly subsistence) agriculture. It
                                        is the most densely populated
                                        country in Africa; landlocked with
                                        few natural resources and minimal
                                        industry. Primary exports are coffee
                                        and tea. The 1994 genocide decimated
                                        Rwanda's fragile economic base,
                                        severely impoverished the
                                        population, particularly women, and
                                        eroded the country's ability to
                                        attract private and external
                                        investment. However, Rwanda has made
                                        significant progress in stabilizing
                                        and rehabilitating its economy. GDP
                                        has rebounded, and inflation has
                                        been curbed. Rwanda received
                                        approval for debt relief from the
                                        IMF in late 2000 and continued to
                                        make progress on inflation,
                                        privatization, and GDP growth in
                                        2001. However, export earnings were
                                        hindered by low global coffee
                                        prices, depriving the country of
                                        much needed hard currency. President
                                        KAGAME is encouraging investors to
                                        take advantage of export
                                        opportunities in Rwanda based on its
                                        membership in the COMESA free trade
                                        area and its access to the US and
                                        the EU markets through preferential
                                        trade agreements.
                                   GDP: purchasing power parity - $7.2
                                        billion (2001 est.)
                GDP - real growth rate: 5% (2001 est.)
                      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $1,000
                                        (2001 est.)
           GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 46%
                                        industry: 20%
                                        services: 34% (2000 est.)
         Population below poverty line: 70% (2000 est.)
     Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: 4.2%
                      percentage share: highest 10%: 24.2% (1983-85)
   Distribution of family income - Gini 28.9 (1983-85)
                                 index:
      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5% (2001 est.)
                           Labor force: 3.6 million
           Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 90%
                     Unemployment rate: NA%
                                Budget: revenues: $199.3 million
                                        expenditures: $445 million,
                                        including capital expenditures of
                                        $NA (2001 est.)
                            Industries: cement, agricultural products,
                                        small-scale beverages, soap,
                                        furniture, shoes, plastic goods,
                                        textiles, cigarettes
     Industrial production growth rate: 7% (2001 est.)
              Electricity - production: 113 million kWh (2000)
    Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 2.65%
                                        hydro: 97.35%
                                        other: 0% (2000)
                                        nuclear: 0%
             Electricity - consumption: 174.09 million kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - exports: 1 million kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - imports: 70 million kWh (2000)
                Agriculture - products: coffee, tea, pyrethrum (insecticide
                                        made from chrysanthemums), bananas,
                                        beans, sorghum, potatoes; livestock
                               Exports: $61 million (f.o.b., 2001 est.)
                 Exports - commodities: coffee, tea, hides, tin ore
                    Exports - partners: EU 56.9%, Pakistan 12.3%, US 9.2%,
                                        China 4.4% Malaysia 4.4% (2000 est.)
                               Imports: $248 million (f.o.b., 2001 est.)
                 Imports - commodities: foodstuffs, machinery and equipment,
                                        steel, petroleum products, cement
                                        and construction material
                    Imports - partners: Kenya 29.4%, EU 28%, US 10%, India
                                        4.4%, Tanzania 2.2% (2000 est.)
                       Debt - external: $1.3 billion (2000 est.)
              Economic aid - recipient: $372.9 million (1999)
                              Currency: Rwandan franc (RWF)
                         Currency code: RWF
                        Exchange rates: Rwandan francs per US dollar -
                                        456.81 (January 2002), 442.99
                                        (2001), 389.70 (2000), 333.94 (1999)
                                        312.31 (1998), 301.53 (1997)
                           Fiscal year: calendar year
  
   Communications Rwanda
   ---------------------
        Telephones - main lines in use: 11,000 (1999)
          Telephones - mobile cellular: 11,000 (1999)
                                        note: Rwanda has mobile cellular
                                        service between Kigali and several
                                        prefecture capitals (2002)
                      Telephone system: general assessment: telephone system
                                        primarily serves business and
                                        government
                                        domestic: the capital, Kigali, is
                                        connected to the centers of the
                                        prefectures by microwave radio relay
                                        and, recently, by cellular telephone
                                        service; much of the network depends
                                        on wire and HF radiotelephone
                                        international: international
                                        connections employ microwave radio
                                        relay to neighboring countries and
                                        satellite communications to more
                                        distant countries; satellite earth
                                        stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
                                        in Kigali (includes telex and
                                        telefax service)
              Radio broadcast stations: AM 0, FM 3 (two main FM programs are
                                        broadcast through a system of
                                        repeaters and the third FM program
                                        is a 24 hour BBC program), shortwave
                                        1 (2002)
                                Radios: 601,000 (1997)
         Television broadcast stations: NA
                           Televisions: NA; probably less than 1,000 (1997)
                 Internet country code: .rw
     Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 1 (2000)
                        Internet users: 5,000 (2001)
  
   Transportation Rwanda
   ---------------------
                              Railways: 0 km
                              Highways: total: 12,000 km
                                        paved: 1,000 km
                                        unpaved: 11,000 km (1997 est.)
                             Waterways: note: Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-
                                        draft barges and native craft
                     Ports and harbors: Cyangugu, Gisenyi, Kibuye
                              Airports: 8 (2001)
         Airports - with paved runways: total: 4
                                        over 3,047 m: 1
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 2
                                        under 914 m: 1 (2001)
       Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 4
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 1
                                        under 914 m: 3 (2001)
  
   Military Rwanda
   ---------------
                     Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie
      Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 1,858,443 (2002
                                        est.)
   Military manpower - fit for military males age 15-49: 946,990 (2002 est.)
                               service:
         Military expenditures - dollar $58 million (FY01)
                                figure:
     Military expenditures - percent of 3.1% (FY01)
                                   GDP:
  
   Transnational Issues Rwanda
   ---------------------------
              Disputes - international: Tutsi, Hutu and other ethnic groups,
                                        political rebels, and various
                                        government forces continue fighting
                                        in Great Lakes region, transcending
                                        the boundaries of Burundi,
                                        Democratic Republic of the Congo,
                                        Rwanda, and Uganda
  
                                       



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