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World Gazetteer Results for Rufāah:
NameRufāah
Alternate NamesRufaa
Original Namesرفاعة
Geographical TypeLocality
Population32533
Latitude
Longitude
CountrySudan
Administrative Divisional-Jazīrah
Dictionary Results for Sudan:
1. WordNet® 3.0 (2006)
Sudan
    n 1: a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; achieved
         independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom in 1956
         [syn: Sudan, Republic of the Sudan, Soudan]
    2: a region of northern Africa to the south of the Sahara and
       Libyan deserts; extends from the Atlantic to the Red Sea
       [syn: Sudan, Soudan]

2. CIA World Factbook 2002
Sudan

   Introduction Sudan
   ------------------
                            Background: Military dictatorships favoring an
                                        Islamic-oriented government have
                                        dominated national politics since
                                        independence from the UK in 1956.
                                        Sudan has been embroiled in a civil
                                        war for all but 10 years of this
                                        period (1972-82). Since 1983, the
                                        war and war- and famine-related
                                        effects have led to more than 2
                                        million deaths and over 4 million
                                        people displaced. The war pits the
                                        Arab/Muslim majority in Khartoum
                                        against the non-Muslim African
                                        rebels in the south. Since 1989,
                                        traditional northern Muslim parties
                                        have made common cause with the
                                        southern rebels and entered the war
                                        as a part of an anti-government
                                        alliance.
  
   Geography Sudan
   ---------------
                              Location: Northern Africa, bordering the Red
                                        Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea
                Geographic coordinates: 15 00 N, 30 00 E
                        Map references: Africa
                                  Area: total: 2,505,810 sq km
                                        water: 129,810 sq km
                                        land: 2.376 million sq km
                    Area - comparative: slightly more than one-quarter the
                                        size of the US
                       Land boundaries: total: 7,687 km
                                        border countries: Central African
                                        Republic 1,165 km, Chad 1,360 km,
                                        Democratic Republic of the Congo 628
                                        km, Egypt 1,273 km, Eritrea 605 km,
                                        Ethiopia 1,606 km, Kenya 232 km,
                                        Libya 383 km, Uganda 435 km
                             Coastline: 853 km
                       Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 18 NM
                                        continental shelf: 200-m depth or to
                                        the depth of exploitation
                                        territorial sea: 12 NM
                               Climate: tropical in south; arid desert in
                                        north; rainy season (April to
                                        October)
                               Terrain: generally flat, featureless plain;
                                        mountains in east and west
                    Elevation extremes: lowest point: Red Sea 0 m
                                        highest point: Kinyeti 3,187 m
                     Natural resources: petroleum; small reserves of iron
                                        ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc,
                                        tungsten, mica, silver, gold,
                                        hydropower
                              Land use: arable land: 7.03%
                                        permanent crops: 0.08%
                                        other: 92.89% (1998 est.)
                        Irrigated land: 19,500 sq km (1998 est.)
                       Natural hazards: dust storms and periodic persistent
                                        droughts
          Environment - current issues: inadequate supplies of potable
                                        water; wildlife populations
                                        threatened by excessive hunting;
                                        soil erosion; desertification;
                                        periodic drought
            Environment - international party to: Biodiversity, Climate
                            agreements: Change, Desertification, Endangered
                                        Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear
                                        Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection
                                        signed, but not ratified: none of
                                        the selected agreements
                      Geography - note: largest country in Africa; dominated
                                        by the Nile and its tributaries
  
   People Sudan
   ------------
                            Population: 37,090,298 (July 2002 est.)
                         Age structure: 0-14 years: 44.2% (male 8,385,554;
                                        female 8,023,847)
                                        15-64 years: 53.6% (male 9,945,683;
                                        female 9,933,383)
                                        65 years and over: 2.2% (male
                                        447,214; female 354,617) (2002 est.)
                Population growth rate: 2.73% (2002 est.)
                            Birth rate: 37.21 births/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                            Death rate: 9.81 deaths/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                    Net migration rate: -0.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population
                                        (2002 est.)
                             Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
                                        under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
                                        15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
                                        65 years and over: 1.26 male(s)/
                                        female
                                        total population: 1.03 male(s)/
                                        female (2002 est.)
                 Infant mortality rate: 67.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2002
                                        est.)
              Life expectancy at birth: total population: 57.33 years
                                        female: 58.5 years (2002 est.)
                                        male: 56.22 years
                  Total fertility rate: 5.22 children born/woman (2002 est.)
      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.99% (1999 est.)
     HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ 186,000 (1998)
                                  AIDS:
                     HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA
                           Nationality: noun: Sudanese (singular and plural)
  
                                        adjective: Sudanese
                         Ethnic groups: black 52%, Arab 39%, Beja 6%,
                                        foreigners 2%, other 1%
                             Religions: Sunni Muslim 70% (in north),
                                        indigenous beliefs 25%, Christian 5%
                                        (mostly in south and Khartoum)
                             Languages: Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta
                                        Bedawie, diverse dialects of
                                        Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic
                                        languages, English
                                        note: program of "Arabization" in
                                        process
                              Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
                                        and write
                                        total population: 46.1%
                                        male: 57.7%
                                        female: 34.6% (1995 est.)
  
   Government Sudan
   ----------------
                          Country name: conventional long form: Republic of
                                        the Sudan
                                        conventional short form: Sudan
                                        local short form: As-Sudan
                                        local long form: Jumhuriyat as-Sudan
  
                                        former: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
                       Government type: authoritarian regime - ruling
                                        military junta took power in 1989;
                                        government is run by an alliance of
                                        the military and the National
                                        Congress Party (NCP), formerly the
                                        National Islamic Front (NIF), which
                                        espouses an Islamist platform
                               Capital: Khartoum
              Administrative divisions: 26 states (wilayat, singular -
                                        wilayah); A'ali an Nil, Al Bahr al
                                        Ahmar, Al Buhayrat, Al Jazirah, Al
                                        Khartum, Al Qadarif, Al Wahdah, An
                                        Nil al Abyad, An Nil al Azraq, Ash
                                        Shamaliyah, Bahr al Jabal, Gharb al
                                        Istiwa'iyah, Gharb Bahr al Ghazal,
                                        Gharb Darfur, Gharb Kurdufan, Janub
                                        Darfur, Janub Kurdufan, Junqali,
                                        Kassala, Nahr an Nil, Shamal Bahr al
                                        Ghazal, Shamal Darfur, Shamal
                                        Kurdufan, Sharq al Istiwa'iyah,
                                        Sinnar, Warab
                          Independence: 1 January 1956 (from Egypt and UK)
                      National holiday: Independence Day, 1 January (1956)
                          Constitution: 12 April 1973, suspended following
                                        coup of 6 April 1985; interim
                                        constitution of 10 October 1985
                                        suspended following coup of 30 June
                                        1989; new constitution implemented
                                        on 30 June 1998 partially suspended
                                        12 December 1999 by President BASHIR
                          Legal system: based on English common law and
                                        Islamic law; as of 20 January 1991,
                                        the now defunct Revolutionary
                                        Command Council imposed Islamic law
                                        in the northern states; Islamic law
                                        applies to all residents of the
                                        northern states regardless of their
                                        religion; some separate religious
                                        courts; accepts compulsory ICJ
                                        jurisdiction, with reservations
                              Suffrage: 17 years of age; universal, but
                                        noncompulsory
                      Executive branch: chief of state: President Lt. Gen.
                                        Umar Hasan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16
                                        October 1993); First Vice President
                                        Ali Uthman Muhammad TAHA (since 17
                                        February 1998), Second Vice
                                        President Moses MACHAR (since 12
                                        February 2001); note - the president
                                        is both the chief of state and head
                                        of government
                                        elections: president elected by
                                        popular vote for a five-year term;
                                        election last held 13-23 December
                                        2000 (next to be held NA 2005)
                                        note: BASHIR assumed supreme
                                        executive power in 1989 and retained
                                        it through several transitional
                                        governments in the early and mid-90s
                                        before being popularly elected for
                                        the first time in March 1996
                                        election results: Umar Hasan Ahmad
                                        al-BASHIR reelected president;
                                        percent of vote - Umar Hasan Ahmad
                                        al-BASHIR 86.5%, Ja'afar Muhammed
                                        NUMAYRI 9.6%, three other candidates
                                        received less than a combined 4% of
                                        the vote; election widely viewed as
                                        rigged; all popular opposition
                                        parties boycotted elections because
                                        of a lack of guarantees for a free
                                        and fair poll
                                        cabinet: Council of Ministers
                                        appointed by the president; note -
                                        the National Congress Party or NCP
                                        (formerly the National Islamic Front
                                        or NIF) dominates BASHIR's cabinet
                                        head of government: President Lt.
                                        Gen. Umar Hasan Ahmad al-BASHIR
                                        (since 16 October 1993); First Vice
                                        President Ali Uthman Muhammad TAHA
                                        (since 17 February 1998), Second
                                        Vice President Moses MACHAR (since
                                        12 February 2001); note - the
                                        president is both the chief of state
                                        and head of government
                    Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (360
                                        seats; 270 popularly elected, 90
                                        elected by supra assembly of
                                        interest groups known as National
                                        Congress; members serve four-year
                                        terms)
                                        elections: last held 13-22 December
                                        2000 (next to be held NA December
                                        2004)
                                        note: on 12 December 1999, BASHIR
                                        dismissed the National Assembly
                                        during an internal power struggle
                                        between the president and the
                                        speaker of the National Assembly
                                        Hassan al-TURABI
                                        election results: NCP 355, others 5
                       Judicial branch: Supreme Court; Special Revolutionary
                                        Courts
         Political parties and leaders: the government allows political
                                        "associations" under a 1998 law
                                        revised in 2000; to obtain
                                        government approval parties must
                                        accept the constitution and refrain
                                        from advocating or using violence
                                        against the regime; approved parties
                                        include the National Congress Party
                                        or NCP [Ibrahim Ahmed UMAR], Popular
                                        National Congress or PNC [Hassan al-
                                        TURABI], and over 20 minor, pro-
                                        government parties
          Political pressure groups and National Congress Party [Ibrahim
                               leaders: Ahmed UMAR]; Popular National
                                        Congress [Hassan al-TURABI]; Umma
                                        [Sadiq al-MAHDI]; Democratic
                                        Unionist Party [Muhammed Uthman AL-
                                        MIRGHANI]; National Democratic
                                        Alliance [Muhammed Uthman AL-
                                        MIRGHANI, chairman]; Sudan People's
                                        Liberation Movement/Army [Dr. John
                                        GARANG]
             International organization ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF,
                         participation: CAEU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA,
                                        IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD,
                                        IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO,
                                        Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO
                                        (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC,
                                        OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
                                        UNHCR, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO,
                                        WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
   Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador
                                        (vacant); Charge D'Affairs, Ad
                                        Interim Khidir Haroun AHMED (since
                                        April 2001)
                                        telephone: [1] (202) 338-8565
                                        FAX: [1] (202) 667-2406
                                        chancery: 2210 Massachusetts Avenue
                                        NW, Washington, DC 20008
     Diplomatic representation from the For security reasons, US officials
                                    US: at the US Embassy in Khartoum were
                                        relocated in February 1996 to the US
                                        Embassies in Nairobi, Kenya, and
                                        Cairo, Egypt, from where they make
                                        regular visits to Khartoum; the US
                                        Embassy in Khartoum is located on
                                        Sharia Abdul Latif Avenue; mailing
                                        address - P. O. Box 699, Khartoum;
                                        APO AE 09829; telephone - [249] (11)
                                        774611 or 774700; FAX - [249] (11)
                                        774137; the US Embassy in Nairobi,
                                        Kenya is located in the Interim
                                        Office Building on Mombasa Road,
                                        Nairobi; mailing address - P. O. Box
                                        30137, Box 21A, Unit 64100, APO AE
                                        09831; telephone - [254] (2) 751613;
                                        FAX - [254] (2) 743204; the US
                                        Embassy in Cairo, Egypt is located
                                        at (North Gate) 8, Kamel El-Din
                                        Salah Street, Garden City, Cairo;
                                        mailing address - Unit 64900, APO AE
                                        09839-4900; telephone - [20] (2)
                                        3557371; FAX - [20] (2) 3573200
                      Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of red
                                        (top), white, and black with a green
                                        isosceles triangle based on the
                                        hoist side
  
   Economy Sudan
   -------------
                    Economy - overview: Sudan has turned around a struggling
                                        economy with sound economic policies
                                        and infrastructure investments, but
                                        it still faces formidable economic
                                        problems. Starting in 1997 Sudan
                                        began implementing IMF macroeconomic
                                        reforms that have successfully
                                        stabilized inflation. In 1999 Sudan
                                        began exporting crude oil and in the
                                        last quarter of 1999 recorded its
                                        first trade surplus, along with
                                        monetary policy, has stabilized the
                                        exchange rate. Current oil
                                        production stands at 220,000 barrels
                                        per day, of which some 70% is
                                        exported and the rest refined mostly
                                        for domestic consumption. Increased
                                        oil production, revived light
                                        industry, and expanded export
                                        processing zones should maintain GDP
                                        growth at 5% in 2002. Agriculture
                                        production remains Sudan's most
                                        important sector, employing 80% of
                                        the work force and contributing 43%
                                        of GDP, but most farms remain rain-
                                        fed and susceptible to drought.
                                        Sudan is also constrained by its
                                        limited access to international
                                        credit; most of Sudan's $24.9
                                        billion debt remains in arrears. The
                                        civil war, chronic instability,
                                        adverse weather, and weak world
                                        agricultural prices ensure that much
                                        of the population will remain at or
                                        below the poverty line for years.
                                   GDP: purchasing power parity - $49.3
                                        billion (2001 est.)
                GDP - real growth rate: 5.5% (2001 est.)
                      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $1,360
                                        (2001 est.)
           GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 43%
                                        industry: 17%
                                        services: 40% (1999 est.)
         Population below poverty line: NA%
     Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: NA%
                      percentage share: highest 10%: NA%
      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 10% (2001 est.)
                           Labor force: 11 million (1996 est.)
           Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 80%, industry and
                                        commerce 7%, government 13% (1998
                                        est.)
                     Unemployment rate: 18.7% (2002 est.)
                                Budget: revenues: $1.6 billion
                                        expenditures: $1.9 billion,
                                        including capital expenditures of
                                        $NA (2001 est.)
                            Industries: oil, cotton ginning, textiles,
                                        cement, edible oils, sugar, soap
                                        distilling, shoes, petroleum
                                        refining, pharmaceuticals,
                                        armaments, automobile/light truck
                                        assembly
     Industrial production growth rate: 8.5% (1999 est.)
              Electricity - production: 1.97 billion kWh (2000)
    Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 49.24%
                                        hydro: 50.76%
                                        other: 0% (2000)
                                        nuclear: 0%
             Electricity - consumption: 1,832.1 million kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (2000)
                Agriculture - products: cotton, groundnuts (peanuts),
                                        sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic,
                                        sugarcane, cassava (tapioca),
                                        mangos, papaya, bananas, sweet
                                        potatoes, sesame; sheep, livestock
                               Exports: $2.1 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.)
                 Exports - commodities: oil and petroleum products, cotton,
                                        sesame, livestock, groundnuts, gum
                                        arabic, sugar
                    Exports - partners: Japan 25%, China 19%, Saudi Arabia
                                        14%, Germany 4%, (2000)
                               Imports: $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.)
                 Imports - commodities: foodstuffs, manufactured goods,
                                        refinery and transport equipment,
                                        medicines and chemicals, textiles,
                                        wheat
                    Imports - partners: China 12%, Saudi Arabia 10%, UK 10%,
                                        Germany 7% (2000)
                       Debt - external: $24.9 billion (2000 est.)
              Economic aid - recipient: $187 million (1997)
                              Currency: Sudanese dinar (SDD)
                         Currency code: SDD
                        Exchange rates: Sudanese dinars per US dollar -
                                        261.44 (January 2002), 258.70
                                        (2001), 257.12 (2000), 252.55
                                        (1999), 200.80 (1998), 157.57 (1997)
                           Fiscal year: calendar year
  
   Communications Sudan
   --------------------
        Telephones - main lines in use: 400,000 (2000)
          Telephones - mobile cellular: 20,000 (2000)
                      Telephone system: general assessment: large, well-
                                        equipped system by regional
                                        standards and being upgraded;
                                        cellular communications started in
                                        1996 and have expanded substantially
  
                                        domestic: consists of microwave
                                        radio relay, cable, radiotelephone
                                        communications, tropospheric
                                        scatter, and a domestic satellite
                                        system with 14 earth stations
                                        international: satellite earth
                                        stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic
                                        Ocean) and 1 Arabsat (2000)
              Radio broadcast stations: AM 12, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998)
                                Radios: 7.55 million (1997)
         Television broadcast stations: 3 (1997)
                           Televisions: 2.38 million (1997)
                 Internet country code: .sd
     Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 2 (2002)
                        Internet users: 50,000 (2002)
  
   Transportation Sudan
   --------------------
                              Railways: total: 5,995 km
                                        narrow gauge: 4,595 km 1.067-
                                        m gauge; 1,400 km 0.600-m gauge
                                        plantation line
                                        note: the 1.067-m line from Khartoum
                                        to Port Sudan carries over two-
                                        thirds of Sudan's rail traffic; the
                                        0.600-m gauge system serves Sudan's
                                        cotton plantations with over 120
                                        collecting stations (2001)
                              Highways: total: 11,900 km
                                        paved: 4,320 km
                                        unpaved: 7,580 km (1996)
                             Waterways: 5,310 km
                             Pipelines: refined products 815 km
                     Ports and harbors: Juba, Khartoum, Kusti, Malakal,
                                        Nimule, Port Sudan, Sawakin
                       Merchant marine: total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over)
                                        totaling 39,545 GRT/51,195 DWT
                                        ships by type: cargo 2, roll on/roll
                                        off 2 (2002 est.)
                              Airports: 65 (2001)
         Airports - with paved runways: total: 12
                                        over 3,047 m: 1
                                        2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 (2001)
       Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 53
                                        under 914 m: 11 (2001)
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 16
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 26
                             Heliports: 1 (2001)
  
   Military Sudan
   --------------
                       Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Popular
                                          Defense Force Militia
        Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age (2002 est.)
        Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 8,739,982 (2002
                                          est.)
     Military manpower - fit for military males age 15-49: 5,380,917 (2002
                                 service: est.)
    Military manpower - reaching military males: 398,294 (2002 est.)
                            age annually:
           Military expenditures - dollar $581 million (2001 est.)
                                  figure:
       Military expenditures - percent of 2.5% (1999)
                                     GDP:
  
   Transnational Issues Sudan
   --------------------------
              Disputes - international: Sudan agrees in 2002 to demarcate
                                        whole boundary with Ethiopia; Egypt
                                        and Sudan each claim to administer
                                        triangular areas which extend north
                                        and south of the 1899 Treaty
                                        boundary along the 22nd Parallel
                                        (the north "Hala'ib Triangle" is the
                                        largest with 20,580 sq km); in 2001,
                                        the two states agreed to discuss an
                                        "area of integration" and withdraw
                                        military forces in the overlapping
                                        areas; since colonial times, Kenya's
                                        administrative boundary has extended
                                        beyond its treaty boundary into
                                        Sudan creating the "Ilemi Triangle"
  
                                       



3. U.S. Gazetteer Places (2000)
Sudan, TX -- U.S. city in Texas
   Population (2000):    1039
   Housing Units (2000): 460
   Land area (2000):     0.907197 sq. miles (2.349629 sq. km)
   Water area (2000):    0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
   Total area (2000):    0.907197 sq. miles (2.349629 sq. km)
   FIPS code:            70772
   Located within:       Texas (TX), FIPS 48
   Location:             34.064770 N, 102.524782 W
   ZIP Codes (1990):     79371
   Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
   Headwords:
    Sudan, TX
    Sudan


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