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World Gazetteer Results for Rivas:
NameRivas
Geographical TypeDepartamento
Population166938
CountryNicaragua
Dictionary Results for Nicaragua:
1. WordNet® 3.0 (2006)
Nicaragua
    n 1: a republic in Central America; achieved independence from
         Spain in 1821 [syn: Nicaragua, Republic of Nicaragua]

2. CIA World Factbook 2002
Nicaragua

   Introduction Nicaragua
   ----------------------
                            Background: Settled as a colony of Spain in the
                                        1520s, Nicaragua gained its
                                        independence in 1821. Violent
                                        opposition to governmental
                                        manipulation and corruption spread
                                        to all classes by 1978 and resulted
                                        in a short-lived civil war that
                                        brought the Marxist Sandinista
                                        guerrillas to power in 1979.
                                        Nicaraguan aid to leftist rebels in
                                        El Salvador caused the US to sponsor
                                        anti-Sandinista contra guerrillas
                                        through much of the 1980s. Free
                                        elections in 1990, 1996, and again
                                        in 2001 saw the Sandinistas
                                        defeated. The country has slowly
                                        rebuilt its economy during the
                                        1990s, but was hard hit by Hurricane
                                        Mitch in 1998.
  
   Geography Nicaragua
   -------------------
                              Location: Middle America, bordering both the
                                        Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific
                                        Ocean, between Costa Rica and
                                        Honduras
                Geographic coordinates: 13 00 N, 85 00 W
                        Map references: Central America and the Caribbean
                                  Area: total: 129,494 sq km
                                        water: 9,240 sq km
                                        land: 120,254 sq km
                    Area - comparative: slightly smaller than the state of
                                        New York
                       Land boundaries: total: 1,231 km
                                        border countries: Costa Rica 309 km,
                                        Honduras 922 km
                             Coastline: 910 km
                       Maritime claims: continental shelf: natural
                                        prolongation
                                        territorial sea: 200 NM
                               Climate: tropical in lowlands, cooler in
                                        highlands
                               Terrain: extensive Atlantic coastal plains
                                        rising to central interior
                                        mountains; narrow Pacific coastal
                                        plain interrupted by volcanoes
                    Elevation extremes: lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
                                        highest point: Mogoton 2,438 m
                     Natural resources: gold, silver, copper, tungsten,
                                        lead, zinc, timber, fish
                              Land use: arable land: 20.24%
                                        permanent crops: 2.38%
                                        other: 77.38% (1998 est.)
                        Irrigated land: 880 sq km (1998 est.)
                       Natural hazards: destructive earthquakes, volcanoes,
                                        landslides; extremely susceptible to
                                        hurricanes
          Environment - current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; water
                                        pollution
            Environment - international party to: Biodiversity, Climate
                            agreements: Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
                                        Protocol, Desertification,
                                        Endangered Species, Hazardous
                                        Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test
                                        Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
                                        Pollution, Wetlands
                                        signed, but not ratified:
                                        Environmental Modification
                      Geography - note: largest country in Central America;
                                        contains the largest freshwater body
                                        in Central America, Lago de
                                        Nicaragua
  
   People Nicaragua
   ----------------
                            Population: 5,023,818 (July 2002 est.)
                         Age structure: 0-14 years: 38.3% (male 980,621;
                                        female 945,386)
                                        15-64 years: 58.7% (male 1,464,468;
                                        female 1,483,082)
                                        65 years and over: 3% (male 65,610;
                                        female 84,651) (2002 est.)
                Population growth rate: 2.09% (2002 est.)
                            Birth rate: 26.98 births/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                            Death rate: 4.76 deaths/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                    Net migration rate: -1.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population
                                        (2002 est.)
                             Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
                                        under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
                                        15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
                                        65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/
                                        female
                                        total population: 1 male(s)/female
                                        (2002 est.)
                 Infant mortality rate: 32.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2002
                                        est.)
              Life expectancy at birth: total population: 69.37 years
                                        female: 71.44 years (2002 est.)
                                        male: 67.39 years
                  Total fertility rate: 3.09 children born/woman (2002 est.)
      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.2% (2000/01 est.)
     HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ 4,800 (2000/01 est.)
                                  AIDS:
                     HIV/AIDS - deaths: 360 (1999 est.)
                           Nationality: noun: Nicaraguan(s)
                                        adjective: Nicaraguan
                         Ethnic groups: mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white)
                                        69%, white 17%, black 9%, Amerindian
                                        5%
                             Religions: Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant
                             Languages: Spanish (official)
                                        note: English and indigenous
                                        languages on Atlantic coast
                              Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
                                        and write
                                        total population: 68.2% (1999)
                                        male: 67.1%
                                        female: 70.5% (2000 est.)
  
   Government Nicaragua
   --------------------
                          Country name: conventional long form: Republic of
                                        Nicaragua
                                        conventional short form: Nicaragua
                                        local short form: Nicaragua
                                        local long form: Republica de
                                        Nicaragua
                       Government type: republic
                               Capital: Managua
              Administrative divisions: 15 departments (departamentos,
                                        singular - departamento) and 2
                                        autonomous regions* (regiones
                                        autonomistas, singular - region
                                        autonomista); Boaco, Carazo,
                                        Chinandega, Chontales, Esteli,
                                        Granada, Jinotega, Leon, Madriz,
                                        Managua, Masaya, Matagalpa, Nueva
                                        Segovia, Rio San Juan, Rivas,
                                        Atlantico Norte*, Atlantico Sur*
                          Independence: 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
                      National holiday: Independence Day, 15 September
                                        (1821)
                          Constitution: 9 January 1987, with reforms in 1995
                                        and 2000
                          Legal system: civil law system; Supreme Court may
                                        review administrative acts
                              Suffrage: 16 years of age; universal
                      Executive branch: chief of state: President Enrique
                                        BOLANOS Geyer (since 10 January
                                        2002); Vice President Jose RIZO
                                        Castellon (since 10 January 2002);
                                        note - the president is both chief
                                        of state and head of government
                                        head of government: President
                                        Enrique BOLANOS Geyer (since 10
                                        January 2002); Vice President Jose
                                        RIZO Castellon (since 10 January
                                        2002); note - the president is both
                                        chief of state and head of
                                        government
                                        cabinet: Council of Ministers
                                        appointed by the president
                                        elections: president and vice
                                        president elected on the same ticket
                                        by popular vote for a five-year
                                        term; election last held 4 November
                                        2001 (next to be held by November
                                        2006)
                                        election results: Enrique BOLANOS
                                        Geyer (PLC) elected president -
                                        56.3%, Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (FSLN)
                                        42.3%, Alberto SABORIO (PC) 1.4%;
                                        Jose RIZO Castellon elected vice
                                        president
                    Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly or
                                        Asamblea Nacional (93 seats; members
                                        are elected by proportional
                                        representation to serve five-year
                                        terms)
                                        elections: last held 4 November 2001
                                        (next to be held by November 2006)
                                        election results: percent of vote by
                                        party - Liberal Alliance (ruling
                                        party - includes PLC, PALI, PLIUN,
                                        and PUCA) 46.03%, FSLN 36.55%, PCCN
                                        3.73%, PCN 2.12%, MRS 1.33%; seats
                                        by party - Liberal Alliance 42, FSLN
                                        36, PCCN 4, PCN 3, PRONAL 2, MRS 1,
                                        PRN 1, PC 1, PLI 1, AU 1, UNO-96 1
                       Judicial branch: Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (16
                                        judges elected for five-year terms
                                        by the National Assembly)
         Political parties and leaders: Conservative Party of Nicaragua or
                                        PCN [Dr. Fernando AGUERO Rocha];
                                        Independent Liberal Party or PLI
                                        [Virgilio GODOY]; Liberal Alliance
                                        (ruling alliance including Liberal
                                        Constitutional Party or PLC, New
                                        Liberal Party or PALI, Independent
                                        Liberal Party for National Unity or
                                        PLIUN, and Central American Unionist
                                        Party or PUCA) [leader NA]; National
                                        Conservative Party or PC [Pedro
                                        SOLARZANO, Noel VIDAURRE]; National
                                        Project or PRONAL [Benjamin LANZAS];
                                        Nicaraguan Party of the Christian
                                        Path or PCCN [Guillermo OSORNO,
                                        Roberto RODRIGUEZ]; Nicaraguan
                                        Resistance Party or PRN [Salvador
                                        TALAVERA]; Sandinista National
                                        Liberation Front or FSLN [Daniel
                                        ORTEGA Saavedra]; Sandinista
                                        Renovation Movement or MRS [Sergio
                                        RAMIREZ]; Unity Alliance or AU
                                        [Alejandro SERRANO]; Union Nacional
                                        Opositora 96 or UNO-96 [Alfredo
                                        CESAR Aguirre]
          Political pressure groups and National Workers Front or FNT is a
                               leaders: Sandinista umbrella group of eight
                                        labor unions including - Farm
                                        Workers Association or ATC, Health
                                        Workers Federation or FETASALUD,
                                        Heroes and Martyrs Confederation of
                                        Professional Associations or
                                        CONAPRO, National Association of
                                        Educators of Nicaragua or ANDEN,
                                        National Union of Employees or UNE,
                                        National Union of Farmers and
                                        Ranchers or UNAG, Sandinista Workers
                                        Central or CST, and Union of
                                        Journalists of Nicaragua or UPN;
                                        Permanent Congress of Workers or CPT
                                        is an umbrella group of four non-
                                        Sandinista labor unions including -
                                        Autonomous Nicaraguan Workers
                                        Central or CTN-A, Confederation of
                                        Labor Unification or CUS,
                                        Independent General Confederation of
                                        Labor or CGT-I, and Labor Action and
                                        Unity Central or CAUS; Nicaraguan
                                        Workers' Central or CTN is an
                                        independent labor union; Superior
                                        Council of Private Enterprise or
                                        COSEP is a confederation of business
                                        groups
             International organization BCIE, CACM, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77,
                         participation: IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM,
                                        IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF,
                                        IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO
                                        (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA
                                        (observer), NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW,
                                        PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR,
                                        UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
                                        WToO, WTrO
   Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Carlos
                                        J. ULVERT
                                        consulate(s) general: Houston, Los
                                        Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New
                                        York
                                        FAX: [1] (202) 939-6542
                                        telephone: [1] (202) 939-6570
                                        chancery: 1627 New Hampshire Avenue
                                        NW, Washington, DC 20009
     Diplomatic representation from the chief of mission: Ambassador Oliver
                                    US: P. GARZA
                                        embassy: Apartado Postal 327,
                                        Kilometer 4.5 Carretera Sur, Managua
  
                                        mailing address: APO AA 34021
                                        telephone: [505] (2) 662298, 666010,
                                        666012, 666013, 666015, 666018,
                                        666026, 666027, 666032, 666033
                                        FAX: [505] (2) 669074
                      Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of blue
                                        (top), white, and blue with the
                                        national coat of arms centered in
                                        the white band; the coat of arms
                                        features a triangle encircled by the
                                        words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on the
                                        top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the
                                        bottom; similar to the flag of El
                                        Salvador, which features a round
                                        emblem encircled by the words
                                        REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA
                                        AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the
                                        white band; also similar to the flag
                                        of Honduras, which has five blue
                                        stars arranged in an X pattern
                                        centered in the white band
  
   Economy Nicaragua
   -----------------
                    Economy - overview: Nicaragua, one of the hemisphere's
                                        poorest countries, faces low per
                                        capita income, flagging socio-
                                        economic indicators, and huge
                                        external debt. Distribution of
                                        income is extremely unequal. While
                                        the country has made progress toward
                                        macroeconomic stabilization over the
                                        past few years, a banking crisis and
                                        scandal has shaken the economy.
                                        Managua will continue to be
                                        dependent on international aid and
                                        debt relief under the Heavily
                                        Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC)
                                        initiative. Donors have made aid
                                        conditional on improving
                                        governability, the openness of
                                        government financial operation,
                                        poverty alleviation, and human
                                        rights. Nicaragua met the conditions
                                        for additional debt service relief
                                        in December 2000. Growth should move
                                        up in 2002 because of increased
                                        private investment and recovery in
                                        the global economy.
                                   GDP: purchasing power parity - $12.3
                                        billion (2001 est.)
                GDP - real growth rate: 2.5% (2001 est.)
                      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $2,500
                                        (2001 est.)
           GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 33%
                                        industry: 23%
                                        services: 44% (2000)
         Population below poverty line: 50% (2001 est.)
     Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: 0.7%
                      percentage share: highest 10%: 48.8% (1998)
   Distribution of family income - Gini 60.3 (1998)
                                 index:
      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 7.4% (2001 est.)
                           Labor force: 1.7 million (1999)
           Labor force - by occupation: services 43%, agriculture 42%,
                                        industry 15% (1999 est.)
                     Unemployment rate: 23% plus considerable
                                        underemployment (2001 est.)
                                Budget: revenues: $726 million
                                        expenditures: $908 million,
                                        including capital expenditures of
                                        $NA (2000 est.)
                            Industries: food processing, chemicals,
                                        machinery and metal products,
                                        textiles, clothing, petroleum
                                        refining and distribution,
                                        beverages, footwear, wood
     Industrial production growth rate: 4.4% (2000 est.)
              Electricity - production: 2.233 billion kWh (2000)
    Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 81.68%
                                        hydro: 9.4%
                                        other: 8.92% (2000)
                                        nuclear: 0%
             Electricity - consumption: 2.176 billion kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - exports: 1 million kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - imports: 100 million kWh (2000)
                Agriculture - products: coffee, bananas, sugarcane, cotton,
                                        rice, corn, tobacco, sesame, soya,
                                        beans; beef, veal, pork, poultry,
                                        dairy products
                               Exports: $609.5 million (f.o.b., 2001 est.)
                 Exports - commodities: coffee, shrimp and lobster, cotton,
                                        tobacco, beef, sugar, bananas; gold
                    Exports - partners: US 57.7%, Germany 5.3%, Canada 4.2%,
                                        Costa Rica 3.3%, Honduras 3% (2000)
                               Imports: $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.)
                 Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment, raw
                                        materials, petroleum products,
                                        consumer goods
                    Imports - partners: US 23.9%, Costa Rica 11.4%,
                                        Venezuela 9.9%, Guatemala 7.9%,
                                        Mexico 5.9% (2000)
                       Debt - external: $6.1 billion (2001 est.)
              Economic aid - recipient: NA
                              Currency: gold cordoba (NIO)
                         Currency code: NIO
                        Exchange rates: gold cordobas per US dollar - 13.88
                                        (January 2002), 13.37 (2001), 12.69
                                        (2000), 11.81 (1999), 10.58 (1998),
                                        9.45 (1997)
                           Fiscal year: calendar year
  
   Communications Nicaragua
   ------------------------
        Telephones - main lines in use: 140,000 (1996)
          Telephones - mobile cellular: 7,911 (1997)
                      Telephone system: general assessment: inadequate
                                        system being upgraded by foreign
                                        investment
                                        domestic: low-capacity microwave
                                        radio relay and wire system being
                                        expanded; connected to Central
                                        American Microwave System
                                        international: satellite earth
                                        stations - 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic
                                        Ocean region) and 1 Intelsat
                                        (Atlantic Ocean)
              Radio broadcast stations: AM 63, FM 32, shortwave 1 (1998)
                                Radios: 1.24 million (1997)
         Television broadcast stations: 3 (plus seven low-power repeaters)
                                        (1997)
                           Televisions: 320,000 (1997)
                 Internet country code: .ni
     Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 3 (2000)
                        Internet users: 20,000 (2000)
  
   Transportation Nicaragua
   ------------------------
                              Railways: total: 6 km
                                        narrow gauge: 6 km 1.067-m gauge
                                        note: carries mostly passengers from
                                        Chichigalpa to Ingenio San Antonio
                                        (2001)
                              Highways: total: 16,382 km
                                        paved: 1,818 km
                                        unpaved: 14,564 km (1998)
                             Waterways: 2,220 km (including 2 large lakes)
                             Pipelines: crude oil 56 km
                     Ports and harbors: Bluefields, Corinto, El Bluff,
                                        Puerto Cabezas, Puerto Sandino,
                                        Rama, San Juan del Sur
                       Merchant marine: none (2002 est.)
                              Airports: 182 (2001)
         Airports - with paved runways: total: 11
                                        2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 3
                                        under 914 m: 3 (2001)
       Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 171
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 25
                                        under 914 m: 145 (2001)
  
   Military Nicaragua
   ------------------
                     Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force
      Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age (2002 est.)
      Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 1,308,430 (2002
                                        est.)
   Military manpower - fit for military males age 15-49: 802,779 (2002 est.)
                               service:
           Military manpower - reaching males: 58,232 (2002 est.)
                 military age annually:
         Military expenditures - dollar $26 million (FY98)
                                figure:
     Military expenditures - percent of 1.2% (FY98)
                                   GDP:
  
   Transnational Issues Nicaragua
   ------------------------------
              Disputes - international: territorial disputes with Colombia
                                        over the Archipelago de San Andres y
                                        Providencia and Quita Sueno Bank;
                                        with respect to the maritime
                                        boundary question in the Golfo de
                                        Fonseca, the ICJ referred to the
                                        line determined by the 1900
                                        Honduras-Nicaragua Mixed Boundary
                                        Commission and advised that some
                                        tripartite resolution among El
                                        Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua
                                        likely would be required; legal
                                        dispute over navigational rights of
                                        San Juan River on border with Costa
                                        Rica
                         Illicit drugs: transshipment point for cocaine
                                        destined for the US and
                                        transshipment point for arms-for-
                                        drugs dealing
  
                                       



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