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World Gazetteer Results for Panbang:
NamePanbang
Geographical TypeLocality
Population1360
Latitude
Longitude
CountryBhutan
Administrative DivisionZhemgang
Dictionary Results for Bhutan:
1. WordNet® 3.0 (2006)
Bhutan
    n 1: a landlocked principality in the Himalayas to the northeast
         of India [syn: Bhutan, Kingdom of Bhutan]

2. The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
Bhutan \Bhutan\ n.
   a principality in the Himalayas northeast of India.
   [WordNet 1.5]

3. CIA World Factbook 2002
Bhutan

   Introduction Bhutan
   -------------------
                            Background: In 1865, Britain and Bhutan signed
                                        the Treaty of Sinchulu, under which
                                        Bhutan would receive an annual
                                        subsidy in exchange for ceding some
                                        border land. Under British
                                        influence, a monarchy was set up in
                                        1907; three years later, a treaty
                                        was signed whereby the British
                                        agreed not to interfere in Bhutanese
                                        internal affairs and Bhutan allowed
                                        Britain to direct its foreign
                                        affairs. This role was assumed by
                                        independent India after 1947. Two
                                        years later, a formal Indo-Bhutanese
                                        accord returned the areas of Bhutan
                                        annexed by the British, formalized
                                        the annual subsidies the country
                                        received, and defined India's
                                        responsibilities in defense and
                                        foreign relations. A refugee issue
                                        of some 100,000 Bhutanese in Nepal
                                        remains unresolved; 90% of the
                                        refugees are housed in seven United
                                        Nations Office of the High
                                        Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
                                        camps. Maoist Assamese separatists
                                        from India, who have established
                                        themselves in the southeast portion
                                        of Bhutan, have drawn Indian cross-
                                        border incursions.
  
   Geography Bhutan
   ----------------
                              Location: Southern Asia, between China and
                                        India
                Geographic coordinates: 27 30 N, 90 30 E
                        Map references: Asia
                                  Area: total: 47,000 sq km
                                        water: 0 sq km
                                        land: 47,000 sq km
                    Area - comparative: about half the size of Indiana
                       Land boundaries: total: 1,075 km
                                        border countries: China 470 km,
                                        India 605 km
                             Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
                       Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
                               Climate: varies; tropical in southern plains;
                                        cool winters and hot summers in
                                        central valleys; severe winters and
                                        cool summers in Himalayas
                               Terrain: mostly mountainous with some fertile
                                        valleys and savanna
                    Elevation extremes: lowest point: Drangme Chhu 97 m
                                        highest point: Kula Kangri 7,553 m
                     Natural resources: timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium
                                        carbide
                              Land use: arable land: 2.98%
                                        permanent crops: 0.43%
                                        other: 96.6% (1998 est.)
                        Irrigated land: 400 sq km (1998 est.)
                       Natural hazards: violent storms from the Himalayas
                                        are the source of the country's name
                                        which translates as Land of the
                                        Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides
                                        during the rainy season
          Environment - current issues: soil erosion; limited access to
                                        potable water
            Environment - international party to: Biodiversity, Climate
                            agreements: Change, Nuclear Test Ban
                                        signed, but not ratified: Law of the
                                        Sea
                      Geography - note: landlocked; strategic location
                                        between China and India; controls
                                        several key Himalayan mountain
                                        passes
  
   People Bhutan
   -------------
                            Population: 2,094,176
                                        note: other estimates range as low
                                        as 810,000 (July 2002 est.)
                         Age structure: 0-14 years: 39.8% (male 431,883;
                                        female 401,386)
                                        15-64 years: 56.2% (male 606,184;
                                        female 571,310)
                                        65 years and over: 4% (male 42,193;
                                        female 41,220) (2002 est.)
                Population growth rate: 2.15% (2002 est.)
                            Birth rate: 35.26 births/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                            Death rate: 13.74 deaths/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                    Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                             Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
                                        under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female
                                        15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
                                        65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/
                                        female
                                        total population: 1.07 male(s)/
                                        female (2002 est.)
                 Infant mortality rate: 106.79 deaths/1,000 live births
                                        (2002 est.)
              Life expectancy at birth: total population: 53.19 years
                                        female: 52.83 years (2002 est.)
                                        male: 53.53 years
                  Total fertility rate: 5 children born/woman (2002 est.)
      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: less than 0.01% (1999 est.)
     HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ less than 100 (1999 est.)
                                  AIDS:
                     HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA
                           Nationality: noun: Bhutanese (singular and
                                        plural)
                                        adjective: Bhutanese
                         Ethnic groups: Bhote 50%, ethnic Nepalese 35%
                                        (includes Lhotsampas--one of several
                                        Nepalese ethnic groups), indigenous
                                        or migrant tribes 15%
                             Religions: Lamaistic Buddhist 75%, Indian- and
                                        Nepalese-influenced Hinduism 25%
                             Languages: Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak
                                        various Tibetan dialects, Nepalese
                                        speak various Nepalese dialects
                              Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
                                        and write
                                        total population: 42.2%
                                        male: 56.2%
                                        female: 28.1% (1995 est.)
  
   Government Bhutan
   -----------------
                          Country name: conventional long form: Kingdom of
                                        Bhutan
                                        conventional short form: Bhutan
                       Government type: monarchy; special treaty
                                        relationship with India
                               Capital: Thimphu
              Administrative divisions: 18 districts (dzongkhag, singular
                                        and plural); Bumthang, Chhukha,
                                        Chirang, Dagana, Geylegphug, Ha,
                                        Lhuntshi, Mongar, Paro, Pemagatsel,
                                        Punakha, Samchi, Samdrup Jongkhar,
                                        Shemgang, Tashigang, Thimphu,
                                        Tongsa, Wangdi Phodrang
                                        note: there may be two new districts
                                        named Gasa and Yangtse
                          Independence: 8 August 1949 (from India)
                      National holiday: National Day (Ugyen WANGCHUCK became
                                        first hereditary king), 17 December
                                        (1907)
                          Constitution: no written constitution or bill of
                                        rights; note - Bhutan uses 1953
                                        Royal decree for the Constitution of
                                        the National Assembly; on 7 July
                                        1998, a Royal edict was ratified
                                        giving the National Assembly
                                        additional powers
                          Legal system: based on Indian law and English
                                        common law; has not accepted
                                        compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
                              Suffrage: each family has one vote in village-
                                        level elections
                      Executive branch: chief of state: King Jigme Singye
                                        WANGCHUCK (since 24 July 1972)
                                        elections: none; the monarch is
                                        hereditary, but democratic reforms
                                        in July 1998 grant the National
                                        Assembly authority to remove the
                                        monarch with two-thirds vote
                                        head of government: Chairman of the
                                        Council of Ministers Lyonpo Khandu
                                        WANGCHUK (since 8 August 2001)
                                        cabinet: Council of Ministers
                                        (Lhengye Shungtsog) nominated by the
                                        monarch, approved by the National
                                        Assembly; members serve fixed, five-
                                        year terms; note - there is also a
                                        Royal Advisory Council (Lodoi
                                        Tsokde), members nominated by the
                                        monarch
                    Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly or
                                        Tshogdu (150 seats; 105 elected from
                                        village constituencies, 10 represent
                                        religious bodies, and 35 are
                                        designated by the monarch to
                                        represent government and other
                                        secular interests; members serve
                                        three-year terms)
                                        elections: last held NA (next to be
                                        held NA)
                                        election results: NA
                       Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Appeal (the
                                        monarch); High Court (judges
                                        appointed by the monarch)
         Political parties and leaders: no legal parties
          Political pressure groups and Buddhist clergy; ethnic Nepalese
                               leaders: organizations leading militant
                                        antigovernment campaign; Indian
                                        merchant community; United Front for
                                        Democracy (exiled)
             International organization AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD,
                         participation: ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IMF, IOC, IOM
                                        (observer), ITU, NAM, OPCW
                                        (signatory), SAARC, UN, UNCTAD,
                                        UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTrO
                                        (observer)
   Diplomatic representation in the US: none; note - Bhutan has a Permanent
                                        Mission to the UN; address: 2 United
                                        Nations Plaza, 27th Floor, New York,
                                        NY 10017; telephone [1] (212) 826-
                                        1919; the Bhutanese mission to the
                                        UN has consular jurisdiction in the
                                        US
                                        consulate(s) general: New York
     Diplomatic representation from the the US and Bhutan have no formal
                                    US: diplomatic relations, although
                                        informal contact is maintained
                                        between the Bhutanese and US Embassy
                                        in New Delhi (India)
                      Flag description: divided diagonally from the lower
                                        hoist side corner; the upper
                                        triangle is yellow and the lower
                                        triangle is orange; centered along
                                        the dividing line is a large black
                                        and white dragon facing away from
                                        the hoist side
  
   Economy Bhutan
   --------------
                    Economy - overview: The economy, one of the world's
                                        smallest and least developed, is
                                        based on agriculture and forestry,
                                        providing the main livelihood for
                                        more than 90% of the population.
                                        Agriculture consists largely of
                                        subsistence farming and animal
                                        husbandry. Rugged mountains dominate
                                        the terrain and make the building of
                                        roads and other infrastructure
                                        difficult and expensive. The economy
                                        is closely aligned with India's
                                        through strong trade and monetary
                                        links. The industrial sector is
                                        technologically backward, with most
                                        production of the cottage industry
                                        type. Most development projects,
                                        such as road construction, rely on
                                        Indian migrant labor. Bhutan's
                                        hydropower potential and its
                                        attraction for tourists are key
                                        resources. The Bhutanese Government
                                        has made some progress in expanding
                                        the nation's productive base and
                                        improving social welfare. Model
                                        education, social, and environment
                                        programs in Bhutan are underway with
                                        support from multilateral
                                        development organizations. Each
                                        economic program takes into account
                                        the government's desire to protect
                                        the country's environment and
                                        cultural traditions. Detailed
                                        controls and uncertain policies in
                                        areas like industrial licensing,
                                        trade, labor, and finance continue
                                        to hamper foreign investment. Major
                                        hydroelectric projects will lead
                                        expansion of GDP in 2002 by an
                                        estimated 6%.
                                   GDP: purchasing power parity - $2.5
                                        billion (2001 est.)
                GDP - real growth rate: 6% (2000 est.)
                      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $1,200
                                        (2001 est.)
           GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 45%
                                        industry: 20%
                                        services: 35% (2001 est.)
         Population below poverty line: NA%
     Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: NA%
                      percentage share: highest 10%: NA%
      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 7% (2000 est.)
                           Labor force: NA
                                        note: massive lack of skilled labor
           Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 93%, services 5%,
                                        industry and commerce 2%
                     Unemployment rate: NA%
                                Budget: revenues: $146 million
                                        expenditures: $152 million,
                                        including capital expenditures of
                                        $NA (FY95/96 est.)
                                        note: the government of India
                                        finances nearly three-fifths of
                                        Bhutan's budget expenditures
                            Industries: cement, wood products, processed
                                        fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium
                                        carbide
     Industrial production growth rate: 9.3% (1996 est.)
              Electricity - production: 1.876 billion kWh (2000)
    Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 0.05%
                                        hydro: 99.95%
                                        other: 0% (2000)
                                        nuclear: 0%
             Electricity - consumption: 380.68 million kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - exports: 1.385 billion kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - imports: 21 million kWh (2000)
                Agriculture - products: rice, corn, root crops, citrus,
                                        foodgrains; dairy products, eggs
                               Exports: $154 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
                 Exports - commodities: electricity (to India), cardamom,
                                        gypsum, timber, handicrafts, cement,
                                        fruit, precious stones, spices
                    Exports - partners: India 94%, Bangladesh
                               Imports: $196 million (c.i.f., 2000 est.)
                 Imports - commodities: fuel and lubricants, grain,
                                        machinery and parts, vehicles,
                                        fabrics, rice
                    Imports - partners: India 77%, Japan, UK, Germany, US
                       Debt - external: $245 million (1998)
              Economic aid - recipient: substantial aid from India and other
                                        nations
                              Currency: ngultrum (BTN); Indian rupee (INR)
                         Currency code: BTN; INR
                        Exchange rates: ngultrum per US dollar - 48.336
                                        (January 2002), 47.186 (2001),
                                        44.942 (2000), 43.055 (1999), 41.259
                                        (1998), 36.313 (1997); note - the
                                        Bhutanese ngultrum is at par with
                                        the Indian rupee which is also legal
                                        tender
                           Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
  
   Communications Bhutan
   ---------------------
        Telephones - main lines in use: 6,000 (1997)
          Telephones - mobile cellular: NA
                      Telephone system: general assessment: NA
                                        domestic: domestic telephone service
                                        is very poor with few telephones in
                                        use
                                        international: international
                                        telephone and telegraph service is
                                        by landline through India; a
                                        satellite earth station was planned
                                        (1990)
              Radio broadcast stations: AM 0, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998)
                                Radios: 37,000 (1997)
         Television broadcast stations: 0 (1997)
                           Televisions: 11,000 (1997)
                 Internet country code: .bt
     Internet Service Providers (ISPs): NA
                        Internet users: 500 (2000)
  
   Transportation Bhutan
   ---------------------
                                        Railways: 0 km
                                        Highways: total: 3,285 km
                                                  paved: 1,994 km
                                                  unpaved: 1,291 km (1996)
                                       Waterways: none
                               Ports and harbors: none
                                        Airports: 2 (2001)
                   Airports - with paved runways: total: 1
                                                  1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2001)
                 Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 1
                                                  914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2001)
  
   Military Bhutan
   ---------------
                     Military branches: Royal Bhutan Army, Royal Bodyguard,
                                        National Militia, Royal Bhutan
                                        Police, Forest Guards
      Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age (2002 est.)
      Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 517,470 (2002 est.)
   Military manpower - fit for military males age 15-49: 276,303 (2002 est.)
                               service:
           Military manpower - reaching males: 21,167 (2002 est.)
                 military age annually:
         Military expenditures - dollar $9.3 million (FY01)
                                figure:
     Military expenditures - percent of 1.9% (FY01)
                                   GDP:
  
   Transnational Issues Bhutan
   ---------------------------
              Disputes - international: approximately 100,000 Bhutanese
                                        refugees living in Nepal, 90% of
                                        whom reside in seven UN Office of
                                        the High Commissioner for Refugees
                                        camps, place decades-long strains on
                                        Nepal
  
                                       



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