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World Gazetteer Results for Naugarzan:
NameNaugarzan
Geographical TypeLocality
Population877
Latitude
Longitude
CountryTajikistan
Administrative DivisionSughd
Dictionary Results for Tajikistan:
1. WordNet® 3.0 (2006)
Tajikistan
    n 1: a landlocked mountainous republic in southeast central Asia
         to the north of Afghanistan; formerly an Asian soviet [syn:
         Tajikistan, Republic of Tajikistan, Tadzhikistan,
         Tadzhik, Tadjik, Tajik]

2. CIA World Factbook 2002
Tajikistan

   Introduction Tajikistan
   -----------------------
                            Background: Tajikistan has experienced three
                                        changes in government and a five-
                                        year civil war since it gained
                                        independence in 1991 from the USSR.
                                        A peace agreement among rival
                                        factions was signed in 1997, and
                                        implemented in 2000. The central
                                        government's less than total control
                                        over some areas of the country has
                                        forced it to compromise and forge
                                        alliances among factions. Open
                                        skirmishes in the streets are less
                                        of a problem than they were during
                                        the war five years ago. Attention by
                                        the international community in the
                                        wake of the war in Afghanistan may
                                        bring increased economic development
                                        assistance, which would create jobs
                                        and increase stability in the long
                                        term. Tajikistan is in the beginning
                                        stages of seeking World Trade
                                        Organization membership and has been
                                        approved to join NATO's Partnership
                                        for Peace.
  
   Geography Tajikistan
   --------------------
                              Location: Central Asia, west of China
                Geographic coordinates: 39 00 N, 71 00 E
                        Map references: Asia
                                  Area: total: 143,100 sq km
                                        water: 400 sq km
                                        land: 142,700 sq km
                    Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Wisconsin
                       Land boundaries: total: 3,651 km
                                        border countries: Afghanistan 1,206
                                        km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km,
                                        Uzbekistan 1,161 km
                             Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
                       Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
                               Climate: midlatitude continental, hot
                                        summers, mild winters; semiarid to
                                        polar in Pamir Mountains
                               Terrain: Pamir and Alay Mountains dominate
                                        landscape; western Fergana Valley in
                                        north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys
                                        in southwest
                    Elevation extremes: lowest point: Syr Darya (Sirdaryo)
                                        300 m
                                        highest point: Qullai Ismoili Somoni
                                        7,495 m
                     Natural resources: hydropower, some petroleum, uranium,
                                        mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc,
                                        antimony, tungsten, silver, gold
                              Land use: arable land: 5.41%
                                        permanent crops: 0.92%
                                        other: 93.67% (1998 est.)
                        Irrigated land: 7,200 sq km (1998 est.)
                       Natural hazards: earthquakes and floods
          Environment - current issues: inadequate sanitation facilities;
                                        increasing levels of soil salinity;
                                        industrial pollution; excessive
                                        pesticides; part of the basin of the
                                        shrinking Aral Sea suffers from
                                        severe overutilization of available
                                        water for irrigation and associated
                                        pollution
            Environment - international party to: Biodiversity, Climate
                            agreements: Change, Desertification,
                                        Environmental Modification, Ozone
                                        Layer Protection, Wetlands
                                        signed, but not ratified: none of
                                        the selected agreements
                      Geography - note: landlocked; mountainous region
                                        dominated by the Trans-Alay Range in
                                        the north and the Pamirs in the
                                        southeast; highest point, Qullai
                                        Ismoili Somoni (formerly Communism
                                        Peak), was the tallest mountain in
                                        the former USSR
  
   People Tajikistan
   -----------------
                            Population: 6,719,567 (July 2002 est.)
                         Age structure: 0-14 years: 40.4% (male 1,370,314;
                                        female 1,346,465)
                                        15-64 years: 54.9% (male 1,835,573;
                                        female 1,854,677)
                                        65 years and over: 4.7% (male
                                        136,033; female 176,505) (2002 est.)
                Population growth rate: 2.12% (2002 est.)
                            Birth rate: 32.99 births/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                            Death rate: 8.51 deaths/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                    Net migration rate: -3.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population
                                        (2002 est.)
                             Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
                                        under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
                                        15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
                                        65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/
                                        female
                                        total population: 0.99 male(s)/
                                        female (2002 est.)
                 Infant mortality rate: 114.77 deaths/1,000 live births
                                        (2002 est.)
              Life expectancy at birth: total population: 64.28 years
                                        female: 67.46 years (2002 est.)
                                        male: 61.24 years
                  Total fertility rate: 4.23 children born/woman (2002 est.)
      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: less than 0.01% (1999 est.)
     HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ less than 100 (1999 est.)
                                  AIDS:
                     HIV/AIDS - deaths: less than 100 (1999 est.)
                           Nationality: noun: Tajikistani(s)
                                        adjective: Tajikistani
                         Ethnic groups: Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5%
                                        (declining because of emigration),
                                        other 6.6%
                             Religions: Sunni Muslim 85%, Shi'a Muslim 5%
                             Languages: Tajik (official), Russian widely
                                        used in government and business
                              Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
                                        and write
                                        total population: 98%
                                        male: 99%
                                        female: 97% (1989 est.)
  
   Government Tajikistan
   ---------------------
                          Country name: conventional long form: Republic of
                                        Tajikistan
                                        conventional short form: Tajikistan
                                        local short form: none
                                        former: Tajik Soviet Socialist
                                        Republic
                                        local long form: Jumhurii Tojikiston
                       Government type: republic
                               Capital: Dushanbe
              Administrative divisions: 2 provinces (viloyatho, singular -
                                        viloyat) and 1 autonomous province*
                                        (viloyati mukhtor); Viloyati
                                        Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon*
                                        (Khorugh), Viloyati Khatlon
                                        (Qurghonteppa), Viloyati Sughd
                                        (Khujand)
                                        note: the administrative center name
                                        follows in parentheses
                          Independence: 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
                      National holiday: Independence Day (or National Day),
                                        9 September (1991)
                          Constitution: 6 November 1994
                          Legal system: based on civil law system; no
                                        judicial review of legislative acts
                              Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
                      Executive branch: chief of state: President Emomali
                                        RAHMONOV (since 6 November 1994;
                                        head of state and Supreme Assembly
                                        chairman since 19 November 1992)
                                        head of government: Prime Minister
                                        Oqil OQILOV (since 20 January 1999)
                                        cabinet: Council of Ministers
                                        appointed by the president, approved
                                        by the Supreme Assembly
                                        election results: Emomali RAHMONOV
                                        elected president; percent of vote -
                                        Emomali RAHMONOV 97%, Davlat USMON
                                        2%
                                        elections: president elected by
                                        popular vote for a seven-year term;
                                        election last held 6 November 1999
                                        (next to be held NA 2006); prime
                                        minister appointed by the president
                    Legislative branch: bicameral Supreme Assembly or
                                        Majlisi Oli consists of the Assembly
                                        of Representatives (lower chamber)
                                        or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats;
                                        members are elected by popular vote
                                        to serve five-year terms) and the
                                        National Assembly (upper chamber) or
                                        Majlisi Milliy (33 seats; members
                                        are indirectly elected, 25 selected
                                        by local deputies, 8 appointed by
                                        the president; all serve five-year
                                        terms)
                                        election results: Assembly of
                                        Representatives - percent of vote by
                                        party - PDPT 65%, Communist Party
                                        20%, Islamic Rebirth Party 7.5%,
                                        other 7.5%; seats by party - NA;
                                        National Assembly - percent of vote
                                        by party - NA%; seats by party - NA
                                        elections: last held 27 February and
                                        12 March 2000 for the Assembly of
                                        Representatives (next to be held NA
                                        2005) and 23 March 2000 for the
                                        National Assembly (next to be held
                                        NA 2005)
                       Judicial branch: Supreme Court (judges are appointed
                                        by the president)
         Political parties and leaders: Congress of People's Unity of
                                        Tajikistan [Saiffidin TURAYEV];
                                        Democratic Party or TDP [Mahmadruzi
                                        ISKANDAROV, chairman]; Islamic
                                        Rebirth Party [Muhammadsharif
                                        HIMMAT-ZODA, chairman]; Party of
                                        Justice and Development [Rahmatullo
                                        ZOIROV]; People's Democratic Party
                                        of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali
                                        RAHMONOV]; Socialist Party [leader
                                        NA]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT
                                        [Shodi SHABDOLOV]; Adolatho
                                        "Justice" Party [Abdurahmon KARIMOV,
                                        chairman]
          Political pressure groups and there are three unregistered
                               leaders: political parties with 1,000 or more
                                        members: Progressive Party [Suton
                                        QUVVATOV]; Social Democratic Party
                                        [Rahmatullo ZOIROV]; Unity Party
                                        [Hikmatuko SAIDOV]
             International organization AsDB, CCC, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE,
                         participation: ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
                                        ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,
                                        ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM, ITU, OIC, OPCW,
                                        OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,
                                        UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
                                        (observer)
   Diplomatic representation in the US: Tajikistan does not have an embassy
                                        in the US, but does have a permanent
                                        mission to the UN: address - 136
                                        East 67th Street, New York, NY
                                        10021, telephone - [1] (212) 472-
                                        7645, FAX - [1] (212) 628-0252;
                                        permanent representative to the UN
                                        is Rashid ALIMOV
     Diplomatic representation from the chief of mission: Ambassador
                                    US: Franklin P. "Pancho" HUDDLE, Jr.
                                        embassy: 10 Pavlova Street,
                                        Dushanbe, Tajikistan 734003; note -
                                        the embassy in Dushanbe is not yet
                                        fully operational; most business is
                                        still handled in Almaty at 531
                                        Sayfullin Street, Almaty,
                                        Kazakhstan, telephone 7-3272-58-79-
                                        61, FAX 7-3272-58079-68
                                        mailing address: use embassy street
                                        address
                                        telephone: 992-372-21-03-48, 03-50,
                                        03-52
                                        FAX: 992-372-24-15-62
                      Flag description: three horizontal stripes of red
                                        (top), a wider stripe of white, and
                                        green; a gold crown surmounted by
                                        seven gold, five-pointed stars is
                                        located in the center of the white
                                        stripe
  
   Economy Tajikistan
   ------------------
                    Economy - overview: Tajikistan has the lowest per capita
                                        GDP among the 15 former Soviet
                                        republics. Cotton is the most
                                        important crop. Mineral resources,
                                        varied but limited in amount,
                                        include silver, gold, uranium, and
                                        tungsten. Industry consists only of
                                        a large aluminum plant, hydropower
                                        facilities, and small obsolete
                                        factories mostly in light industry
                                        and food processing. The civil war
                                        (1992-97) severely damaged the
                                        already weak economic infrastructure
                                        and caused a sharp decline in
                                        industrial and agricultural
                                        production. Even though 80% of its
                                        people continue to live in abject
                                        poverty, Tajikistan has experienced
                                        strong economic growth since 1997.
                                        Continued privatization of medium
                                        and large state-owned enterprises
                                        will further increase productivity.
                                        Tajikistan's economic situation,
                                        however, remains fragile due to
                                        uneven implementation of structural
                                        reforms, weak governance, and the
                                        external debt burden. Servicing of
                                        the debt, owed principally to Russia
                                        and Uzbekistan, could require as
                                        much as 50% of government revenues
                                        in 2002, thus limiting the nation's
                                        ability to meet pressing development
                                        needs.
                                   GDP: purchasing power parity - $7.5
                                        billion (2001 est.)
                GDP - real growth rate: 8.3% (2001 est.)
                      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $1,140
                                        (2001 est.)
           GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 19%
                                        industry: 25%
                                        services: 56% (2000)
         Population below poverty line: 80% (2001 est.)
     Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: NA%
                      percentage share: highest 10%: NA%
      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 33% (2001 est.)
                           Labor force: 3.187 million (2000)
           Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 67.2%, industry 7.5%,
                                        services 25.3% (2000 est.)
                     Unemployment rate: 20% (2001 est.)
                                Budget: revenues: $146 million
                                        expenditures: $196 million,
                                        including capital expenditures of
                                        $NA (2000 est.)
                            Industries: aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and
                                        fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil,
                                        metal-cutting machine tools,
                                        refrigerators and freezers
     Industrial production growth rate: 10.3% (2000 est.)
              Electricity - production: 14.245 billion kWh (2000)
    Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 2%
                                        hydro: 98%
                                        other: 0% (2000)
                                        nuclear: 0%
             Electricity - consumption: 12.539 billion kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - exports: 3.909 billion kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - imports: 3.2 billion kWh (2000)
                Agriculture - products: cotton, grain, fruits, grapes,
                                        vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats
                               Exports: $640 million (f.o.b., 2001 est.)
                 Exports - commodities: aluminum, electricity, cotton,
                                        fruits, vegetable oil, textiles
                    Exports - partners: Europe 43%, Russia 30%, Uzbekistan
                                        13% (2000)
                               Imports: $700 million (f.o.b., 2001 est.)
                 Imports - commodities: electricity, petroleum products,
                                        aluminum oxide, machinery and
                                        equipment, foodstuffs
                    Imports - partners: Uzbekistan 27%, Russia 16%, Europe
                                        12% (2000)
                       Debt - external: $1.23 billion (2000 est.)
              Economic aid - recipient: $60.7 million from US (2001)
                              Currency: somoni
                         Currency code: SM
                        Exchange rates: Tajikistani somoni per US dollar -
                                        2.55 (January 2002), 2.2 (January
                                        2001), 1550 (January 2000), 998
                                        (January 1999), 350 (January 1997),
                                        284 (January 1996)
                                        note: the new unit of exchange was
                                        introduced on 30 October 2000, with
                                        one somoni equal to 1,000 of the old
                                        Tajikistani rubles
                           Fiscal year: calendar year
  
   Communications Tajikistan
   -------------------------
        Telephones - main lines in use: 363,000 (1997)
          Telephones - mobile cellular: 2,500 (1997)
                      Telephone system: general assessment: poorly developed
                                        and not well maintained; many towns
                                        are not reached by the national
                                        network
                                        domestic: cable and microwave radio
                                        relay
                                        international: linked by cable and
                                        microwave radio relay to other CIS
                                        republics and by leased connections
                                        to the Moscow international gateway
                                        switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat
                                        to international gateway switch in
                                        Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth
                                        stations - 1 Orbita and 2 Intelsat
              Radio broadcast stations: AM 8, FM 7, shortwave 2 (2001)
                                Radios: 1.291 million (1991)
         Television broadcast stations: 13 (2001)
                           Televisions: 820,000 (1997)
                 Internet country code: .tj
     Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 5 (2001)
                        Internet users: 2,000 (2000)
  
   Transportation Tajikistan
   -------------------------
                              Railways: total: 482 km
                                        broad gauge: 482 km 1.520-m gauge
                                        note: includes only lines in common
                                        carrier service; lines dedicated to
                                        particular industries are excluded
                                        (2001)
                              Highways: total: 29,900 km
                                        paved: 21,400 km (includes some all-
                                        weather gravel-surfaced roads)
                                        unpaved: 8,500 km (these roads are
                                        made of unstabilized earth and are
                                        difficult to negotiate in wet
                                        weather) (1990)
                             Waterways: none
                             Pipelines: natural gas 400 km (1992)
                     Ports and harbors: none
                              Airports: 53 (2001)
         Airports - with paved runways: total: 2
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
                                        under 914 m: 1 (2001)
       Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 51
                                        over 3,047 m: 1
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 12
                                        under 914 m: 36 (2001)
  
   Military Tajikistan
   -------------------
                     Military branches: Army, Air Force and Air Defense
                                        Force, Presidential National Guard,
                                        Security Forces (internal and border
                                        troops)
      Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age (2002 est.)
      Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 1,646,278 (2002
                                        est.)
   Military manpower - fit for military males age 15-49: 1,349,505 (2002
                               service: est.)
           Military manpower - reaching males: 72,056 (2002 est.)
                 military age annually:
         Military expenditures - dollar $35.4 million (FY01)
                                figure:
     Military expenditures - percent of 3.9% (FY01)
                                   GDP:
  
   Transnational Issues Tajikistan
   -------------------------------
              Disputes - international: the undemarcated northern and
                                        western border with Uzbekistan is
                                        mined in many sections; continues to
                                        maintain a territorial dispute with
                                        Kyrgyzstan in Isfara Valley area;
                                        ongoing talks with China have failed
                                        to resolve the longstanding dispute
                                        over the indefinite boundary;
                                        Kazakhstan, Tajikistan,
                                        Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan wrestle
                                        with sharing limited water resources
                                        and the regional environmental
                                        degradation caused by the shrinking
                                        of the Aral Sea
                         Illicit drugs: major transshipment zone for heroin
                                        and opiates from Afghanistan going
                                        to Russia and Western Europe;
                                        limited illicit cultivation of
                                        narcotics crops, mostly for domestic
                                        consumption
  
                                       



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