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World Gazetteer Results for Maysān:
NameMaysān
Original Namesميسان
Geographical TypeLiwa
Population754810
CountryIraq
3rd Administrative DivisionRheinland-Pfalz
Dictionary Results for Iraq:
1. WordNet® 3.0 (2006)
Iraq
    n 1: a republic in the Middle East in western Asia; the ancient
         civilization of Mesopotamia was in the area now known as
         Iraq [syn: Iraq, Republic of Iraq, Al-Iraq, Irak]

2. CIA World Factbook 2002
Iraq

   Introduction Iraq
   -----------------
                            Background: Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire,
                                        Iraq became an independent kingdom
                                        in 1932. A "republic" was proclaimed
                                        in 1958, but in actuality a series
                                        of military strongmen have ruled the
                                        country since then, the latest being
                                        SADDAM Husayn. Territorial disputes
                                        with Iran led to an inconclusive and
                                        costly eight-year war (1980-88). In
                                        August 1990 Iraq seized Kuwait, but
                                        was expelled by US-led, UN coalition
                                        forces during January-February 1991.
                                        The victors did not occupy Iraq,
                                        however, thus allowing the regime to
                                        stay in control. Following Kuwait's
                                        liberation, the UN Security Council
                                        (UNSC) required Iraq to scrap all
                                        weapons of mass destruction and
                                        long-range missiles and to allow UN
                                        verification inspections. UN trade
                                        sanctions remain in effect due to
                                        incomplete Iraqi compliance with
                                        relevant UNSC resolutions.
  
   Geography Iraq
   --------------
                              Location: Middle East, bordering the Persian
                                        Gulf, between Iran and Kuwait
                Geographic coordinates: 33 00 N, 44 00 E
                        Map references: Middle East
                                  Area: total: 437,072 sq km
                                        water: 4,910 sq km
                                        land: 432,162 sq km
                    Area - comparative: slightly more than twice the size of
                                        Idaho
                       Land boundaries: total: 3,650 km
                                        border countries: Iran 1,458 km,
                                        Jordan 181 km, Kuwait 240 km, Saudi
                                        Arabia 814 km, Syria 605 km, Turkey
                                        352 km
                             Coastline: 58 km
                       Maritime claims: continental shelf: not specified
                                        territorial sea: 12 NM
                               Climate: mostly desert; mild to cool winters
                                        with dry, hot, cloudless summers;
                                        northern mountainous regions along
                                        Iranian and Turkish borders
                                        experience cold winters with
                                        occasionally heavy snows that melt
                                        in early spring, sometimes causing
                                        extensive flooding in central and
                                        southern Iraq
                               Terrain: mostly broad plains; reedy marshes
                                        along Iranian border in south with
                                        large flooded areas; mountains along
                                        borders with Iran and Turkey
                    Elevation extremes: lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m
                                        highest point: Haji Ibrahim 3,600 m
                     Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, phosphates,
                                        sulfur
                              Land use: arable land: 11.89%
                                        permanent crops: 0.78%
                                        other: 87.33% (1998 est.)
                        Irrigated land: 35,250 sq km (1998 est.)
                       Natural hazards: dust storms, sandstorms, floods
          Environment - current issues: government water control projects
                                        have drained most of the inhabited
                                        marsh areas east of An Nasiriyah by
                                        drying up or diverting the feeder
                                        streams and rivers; a once sizable
                                        population of Shi'a Muslims, who
                                        have inhabited these areas for
                                        thousands of years, has been
                                        displaced; furthermore, the
                                        destruction of the natural habitat
                                        poses serious threats to the area's
                                        wildlife populations; inadequate
                                        supplies of potable water;
                                        development of Tigris-Euphrates
                                        Rivers system contingent upon
                                        agreements with upstream riparian
                                        Turkey; air and water pollution;
                                        soil degradation (salination) and
                                        erosion; desertification
            Environment - international party to: Law of the Sea, Nuclear
                            agreements: Test Ban
                                        signed, but not ratified:
                                        Environmental Modification
                      Geography - note: strategic location on Shatt al Arab
                                        waterway and at the head of the
                                        Persian Gulf
  
   People Iraq
   -----------
                            Population: 24,001,816 (July 2002 est.)
                         Age structure: 0-14 years: 41.1% (male 5,003,755;
                                        female 4,849,238)
                                        15-64 years: 55.9% (male 6,794,265;
                                        female 6,624,662)
                                        65 years and over: 3% (male 341,520;
                                        female 388,376) (2002 est.)
                Population growth rate: 2.82% (2002 est.)
                            Birth rate: 34.2 births/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                            Death rate: 6.02 deaths/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                    Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                             Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
                                        under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
                                        15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
                                        65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/
                                        female
                                        total population: 1.02 male(s)/
                                        female (2002 est.)
                 Infant mortality rate: 57.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2002
                                        est.)
              Life expectancy at birth: total population: 67.38 years
                                        female: 68.5 years (2002 est.)
                                        male: 66.31 years
                  Total fertility rate: 4.63 children born/woman (2002 est.)
      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: less than 0.01% (1999 est.)
     HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ NA
                                  AIDS:
                     HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA
                           Nationality: noun: Iraqi(s)
                                        adjective: Iraqi
                         Ethnic groups: Arab 75%-80%, Kurdish 15%-20%,
                                        Turkoman, Assyrian or other 5%
                             Religions: Muslim 97% (Shi'a 60%-65%, Sunni
                                        32%-37%), Christian or other 3%
                             Languages: Arabic, Kurdish (official in Kurdish
                                        regions), Assyrian, Armenian
                              Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
                                        and write
                                        total population: 58%
                                        male: 70.7%
                                        female: 45% (1995 est.)
  
   Government Iraq
   ---------------
                          Country name: conventional long form: Republic of
                                        Iraq
                                        conventional short form: Iraq
                                        local short form: Al Iraq
                                        local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al
                                        Iraqiyah
                       Government type: republic
                               Capital: Baghdad
              Administrative divisions: 18 provinces (muhafazat, singular -
                                        muhafazah); Al Anbar, Al Basrah, Al
                                        Muthanna, Al Qadisiyah, An Najaf,
                                        Arbil, As Sulaymaniyah, At Ta'mim,
                                        Babil, Baghdad, Dahuk, Dhi Qar,
                                        Diyala, Karbala', Maysan, Ninawa,
                                        Salah ad Din, Wasit
                          Independence: 3 October 1932 (from League of
                                        Nations mandate under British
                                        administration)
                      National holiday: Revolution Day, 17 July (1968)
                          Constitution: 22 September 1968, effective 16 July
                                        1970 (provisional constitution); new
                                        constitution drafted in 1990 but not
                                        adopted
                          Legal system: based on Islamic law in special
                                        religious courts, civil law system
                                        elsewhere; has not accepted
                                        compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
                              Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
                      Executive branch: chief of state: President SADDAM
                                        Husayn (since 16 July 1979); Vice
                                        Presidents Taha Muhyi al-Din MARUF
                                        (since 21 April 1974) and Taha Yasin
                                        RAMADAN (since 23 March 1991)
                                        elections: president and vice
                                        presidents elected by a two-thirds
                                        majority of the Revolutionary
                                        Command Council; election last held
                                        17 October 1995 (next to be held NA
                                        2002)
                                        election results: SADDAM Husayn
                                        reelected president; percent of vote
                                        - 99%; Taha Muhyi al-Din MARUF and
                                        Taha Yasin RAMADAN elected vice
                                        presidents; percent of vote - NA%
                                        cabinet: Council of Ministers; note
                                        - there is also a Revolutionary
                                        Command Council or RCC with eight
                                        members as of 2001 (Chairman SADDAM
                                        Husayn, Vice Chairman Izzat IBRAHIM
                                        al-Duri) which controls the ruling
                                        Ba'th Party; the RCC is the highest
                                        executive and legislative body and
                                        the most powerful political entity
                                        in the country; new RCC members must
                                        come from the Regional Command
                                        Leadership of the Ba'th Party
                                        head of government: Prime Minister
                                        SADDAM Husayn (since 29 May 1994);
                                        Deputy Prime Ministers Tariq Mikhail
                                        AZIZ (since NA 1979), Hikmat Mizban
                                        Ibrahim al-AZZAWI (since 30 July
                                        1999), Ahmad Husayn al-KHUDAYIR
                                        (since NA July 2001), and Abd al-
                                        Tawab Mullah al-HUWAYSH (since NA
                                        July 2001)
                    Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly or
                                        Majlis al-Watani (250 seats; 30
                                        appointed by the president to
                                        represent the three northern
                                        provinces of Dahuk, Arbil, and As
                                        Sulaymaniyah; 220 elected by popular
                                        vote; members serve four-year terms)
  
                                        elections: last held 27 March 2000
                                        (next to be held NA March 2004)
                                        election results: percent of vote by
                                        party - NA%; seats by party - NA
                       Judicial branch: Court of Cassation
         Political parties and leaders: Ba'th Party [SADDAM Husayn, central
                                        party leader]
          Political pressure groups and any formal political activity must
                               leaders: be sanctioned by the government;
                                        opposition to regime from Kurdish
                                        groups and southern Shi'a dissidents
             International organization ABEDA, ACC, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU,
                         participation: CCC, EAPC, ESCWA, FAO, G-19, G-77,
                                        IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB,
                                        IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO,
                                        Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC,
                                        OIC, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
                                        UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
                                        WToO
   Diplomatic representation in the US: none; note - Iraq has an Interest
                                        Section in the Algerian Embassy
                                        headed by Akram AL DOURI; address:
                                        Iraqi Interests Section, Algerian
                                        Embassy, 1801 P Street NW,
                                        Washington, DC 20036; telephone: [1]
                                        (202) 483-7500; FAX: [1] (202) 462-
                                        5066
     Diplomatic representation from the none; note - the US has an Interests
                                    US: Section in the Polish Embassy in
                                        Baghdad; address: P. O. Box 2051 Hay
                                        Babel, Baghdad; telephone: [964] (1)
                                        718-9267; FAX: [964] (1) 718-9297
                      Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of red
                                        (top), white, and black with three
                                        green five-pointed stars in a
                                        horizontal line centered in the
                                        white band; the phrase ALLAHU AKBAR
                                        (God is Great) in green Arabic
                                        script - Allahu to the right of the
                                        middle star and Akbar to the left of
                                        the middle star - was added in
                                        January 1991 during the Persian Gulf
                                        crisis; similar to the flag of Syria
                                        which has two stars but no script
                                        and the flag of Yemen which has a
                                        plain white band; also similar to
                                        the flag of Egypt which has a
                                        symbolic eagle centered in the white
                                        band
  
   Economy Iraq
   ------------
                    Economy - overview: Iraq's economy is dominated by the
                                        oil sector, which has traditionally
                                        provided about 95% of foreign
                                        exchange earnings. In the 1980s
                                        financial problems caused by massive
                                        expenditures in the eight-year war
                                        with Iran and damage to oil export
                                        facilities by Iran led the
                                        government to implement austerity
                                        measures, borrow heavily, and later
                                        reschedule foreign debt payments;
                                        Iraq suffered economic losses from
                                        the war of at least $100 billion.
                                        After hostilities ended in 1988, oil
                                        exports gradually increased with the
                                        construction of new pipelines and
                                        restoration of damaged facilities.
                                        Iraq's seizure of Kuwait in August
                                        1990, subsequent international
                                        economic sanctions, and damage from
                                        military action by an international
                                        coalition beginning in January 1991
                                        drastically reduced economic
                                        activity. Although government
                                        policies supporting large military
                                        and internal security forces and
                                        allocating resources to key
                                        supporters of the regime have hurt
                                        the economy, implementation of the
                                        UN's oil-for-food program in
                                        December 1996 has helped improve
                                        conditions for the average Iraqi
                                        citizen. For the first six, six-
                                        month phases of the program, Iraq
                                        was allowed to export limited
                                        amounts of oil in exchange for food,
                                        medicine, and some infrastructure
                                        spare parts. In December 1999 the UN
                                        Security Council authorized Iraq to
                                        export under the program as much oil
                                        as required to meet humanitarian
                                        needs. Oil exports are now more than
                                        three-quarters prewar level.
                                        However, 28% of Iraq's export
                                        revenues under the program are
                                        deducted to meet UN Compensation
                                        Fund and UN administrative expenses.
                                        The drop in GDP in 2001 was largely
                                        the result of the global economic
                                        slowdown and lower oil prices. Per
                                        capita food imports have increased
                                        significantly, while medical
                                        supplies and health care services
                                        are steadily improving. Per capita
                                        output and living standards are
                                        still well below the prewar level,
                                        but any estimates have a wide range
                                        of error.
                                   GDP: purchasing power parity - $59
                                        billion (2001 est.)
                GDP - real growth rate: -5.7% (2001 est.)
                      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $2,500
                                        (2001 est.)
           GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 6%
                                        industry: 13%
                                        services: 81% (1993 est.)
         Population below poverty line: NA%
     Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: NA%
                      percentage share: highest 10%: NA%
      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 60% (2001 est.)
                           Labor force: 4.4 million (1989)
           Labor force - by occupation: agriculture NA%, industry NA%,
                                        services NA%
                     Unemployment rate: NA%
                                Budget: revenues: $NA
                                        expenditures: $NA, including capital
                                        expenditures of $NA
                            Industries: petroleum, chemicals, textiles,
                                        construction materials, food
                                        processing
     Industrial production growth rate: NA%
              Electricity - production: 27.3 billion kWh (2000)
    Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 98.17%
                                        hydro: 1.83%
                                        other: 0% (2000)
                                        nuclear: 0%
             Electricity - consumption: 25.389 billion kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (2000)
                Agriculture - products: wheat, barley, rice, vegetables,
                                        dates, cotton; cattle, sheep
                               Exports: $15.8 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.)
                 Exports - commodities: crude oil
                    Exports - partners: US 46.2%, Italy 12.2%, France 9.6%,
                                        Spain 8.6% (2000)
                               Imports: $11 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.)
                 Imports - commodities: food, medicine, manufactures
                    Imports - partners: France 22.5%, Australia 22%, China
                                        5.8%, Russia 5.8% (2000)
                       Debt - external: $62.2 billion (2001 est.)
              Economic aid - recipient: $327.5 million (1995)
                              Currency: Iraqi dinar (IQD)
                         Currency code: IQD
                        Exchange rates: Iraqi dinars per US dollar - 0.3109
                                        (fixed official rate since 1982);
                                        black market rate - Iraqi dinars per
                                        US dollar - 2,000 (December 2001),
                                        1,910 (December 1999), 1,815
                                        (December 1998), 1,530 (December
                                        1997), 910 (December 1996); note -
                                        subject to wide fluctuations
                           Fiscal year: calendar year
  
   Communications Iraq
   -------------------
        Telephones - main lines in use: 675,000 (1997)
          Telephones - mobile cellular: NA; service available in northern
                                        Iraq (2001)
                      Telephone system: general assessment: reconstitution
                                        of damaged telecommunication
                                        facilities began after the Gulf war;
                                        most damaged facilities have been
                                        rebuilt
                                        domestic: the network consists of
                                        coaxial cables and microwave radio
                                        relay links
                                        international: satellite earth
                                        stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic
                                        Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1
                                        Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean
                                        region), and 1 Arabsat
                                        (inoperative); coaxial cable and
                                        microwave radio relay to Jordan,
                                        Kuwait, Syria, and Turkey; Kuwait
                                        line is probably nonoperational
              Radio broadcast stations: AM 19 (5 are inactive), FM 51,
                                        shortwave 4 (1998)
                                Radios: 4.85 million (1997)
         Television broadcast stations: 13 (1997)
                           Televisions: 1.75 million (1997)
                 Internet country code: .iq
     Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 1 (2000)
                        Internet users: 12,500 (2001)
  
   Transportation Iraq
   -------------------
                              Railways: total: 2,339 km
                                        standard gauge: 2,339 km 1.435-
                                        m gauge (2001)
                              Highways: total: 45,550 km
                                        paved: 38,400 km
                                        unpaved: 7,150 km (1996 est.)
                             Waterways: 1,015 km
                                        note: Shatt al Arab is usually
                                        navigable by maritime traffic for
                                        about 130 km; channel has been
                                        dredged to 3 m and is in use; Tigris
                                        and Euphrates Rivers have navigable
                                        sections for shallow-draft boats;
                                        Shatt al Basrah canal was navigable
                                        by shallow-draft craft before
                                        closing in 1991 because of the Gulf
                                        war
                             Pipelines: crude oil 4,350 km; petroleum
                                        products 725 km; natural gas 1,360
                                        km
                     Ports and harbors: Umm Qasr, Khawr az Zubayr, and Al
                                        Basrah have limited functionality
                       Merchant marine: total: 25 ships (1,000 GRT or over)
                                        totaling 186,709 GRT/278,575 DWT
                                        ships by type: cargo 14, passenger
                                        1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum
                                        tanker 8, roll on/roll off 1 (2002
                                        est.)
                              Airports: 108 (2001)
         Airports - with paved runways: total: 73
                                        over 3,047 m: 20
                                        2,438 to 3,047 m: 34
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 6
                                        under 914 m: 7 (2001)
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
       Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 35
                                        under 914 m: 12 (2001)
                                        over 3,047 m: 3
                                        2,438 to 3,047 m: 6
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 10
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
                             Heliports: 4 (2001)
  
   Military Iraq
   -------------
                       Military branches: Army, Republican Guard, Navy, Air
                                          Force, Air Defense Force, Border
                                          Guard Force, Fedayeen Saddam
        Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age (2002 est.)
        Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 6,135,847 (2002
                                          est.)
     Military manpower - fit for military males age 15-49: 3,430,819 (2002
                                 service: est.)
    Military manpower - reaching military males: 274,035 (2002 est.)
                            age annually:
           Military expenditures - dollar $1.3 billion (FY00)
                                  figure:
       Military expenditures - percent of NA%
                                     GDP:
  
   Transnational Issues Iraq
   -------------------------
              Disputes - international: despite restored diplomatic
                                        relations in 1990, lacks maritime
                                        boundary with Iran and disputes land
                                        boundary, navigation channels, and
                                        other issues from eight-year war; in
                                        November 1994, Iraq formally
                                        accepted the UN-demarcated border
                                        with Kuwait which had been spelled
                                        out in Security Council Resolutions
                                        687 (1991), 773 (1993), and 883
                                        (1993); this formally ends earlier
                                        claims to Kuwait and to Bubiyan and
                                        Warbah islands although the
                                        government continues periodic
                                        rhetorical challenges; dispute over
                                        water development plans by Turkey
                                        for the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
  
                                       



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