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World Gazetteer Results for Krāslava:
NameKrāslava
Alternate NamesKraslava
Geographical TypeLocality
Population11088
Latitude
Longitude
CountryLatvia
Administrative DivisionKrāslavas
Dictionary Results for Latvia:
1. WordNet® 3.0 (2006)
Latvia
    n 1: a republic in northeastern Europe on the eastern coast of
         the Baltic Sea [syn: Latvia, Republic of Latvia]

2. CIA World Factbook 2002
Latvia

   Introduction Latvia
   -------------------
                            Background: After a brief period of independence
                                        between the two World Wars, Latvia
                                        was annexed by the USSR in 1940. It
                                        reestablished its independence in
                                        1991 following the breakup of the
                                        Soviet Union. Although the last
                                        Russian troops left in 1994, the
                                        status of the Russian minority (some
                                        30% of the population) remains of
                                        concern to Moscow. Latvia continues
                                        to revamp its economy for eventual
                                        integration into various Western
                                        European political and economic
                                        institutions.
  
   Geography Latvia
   ----------------
                              Location: Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic
                                        Sea, between Estonia and Lithuania
                Geographic coordinates: 57 00 N, 25 00 E
                        Map references: Europe
                                  Area: total: 64,589 sq km
                                        water: 1,000 sq km
                                        land: 63,589 sq km
                    Area - comparative: slightly larger than West Virginia
                       Land boundaries: total: 1,150 km
                                        border countries: Belarus 141 km,
                                        Estonia 339 km, Lithuania 453 km,
                                        Russia 217 km
                             Coastline: 531 km
                       Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to
                                        the depth of exploitation
                                        exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
                                        territorial sea: 12 NM
                               Climate: maritime; wet, moderate winters
                               Terrain: low plain
                    Elevation extremes: lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m
                                        highest point: Gaizinkalns 312 m
                     Natural resources: peat, limestone, dolomite,
                                        hydropower, wood, arable land,
                                        minimal; amber
                              Land use: arable land: 29.01%
                                        permanent crops: 0.48%
                                        other: 70.51% (1998 est.)
                        Irrigated land: 200 sq km
                                        note: land in Latvia is often too
                                        wet, and in need of drainage, not
                                        irrigation; approximately 16,000 sq
                                        km or 85% of agricultural land has
                                        been improved by drainage (1998
                                        est.)
                       Natural hazards: NA
          Environment - current issues: Latvia's environment has benefited
                                        from a shift to service industries
                                        after the country regained
                                        independence; the main environmental
                                        priorities are improvement of
                                        drinking water quality and sewage
                                        system, household and hazardous
                                        waste management, and reduction of
                                        air pollution; in 2001, Latvia
                                        closed the EU accession negotiation
                                        chapter on environment committing to
                                        full enforcement of EU environmental
                                        directives by 2010
            Environment - international party to: Air Pollution,
                            agreements: Biodiversity, Climate Change,
                                        Endangered Species, Hazardous
                                        Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
                                        Pollution, Wetlands
                                        signed, but not ratified: Air
                                        Pollution-Persistent Organic
                                        Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto
                                        Protocol
                      Geography - note: most of the country is composed of
                                        fertile, low-lying plains, with some
                                        hills in the east
  
   People Latvia
   -------------
                            Population: 2,366,515 (July 2002 est.)
                         Age structure: 0-14 years: 15.8% (male 191,116;
                                        female 182,692)
                                        15-64 years: 68.6% (male 775,481;
                                        female 847,261)
                                        65 years and over: 15.6% (male
                                        120,304; female 249,661) (2002 est.)
                Population growth rate: -0.77% (2002 est.)
                            Birth rate: 8.27 births/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                            Death rate: 14.74 deaths/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                    Net migration rate: -1.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population
                                        (2002 est.)
                             Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
                                        under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
                                        15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female
                                        65 years and over: 0.48 male(s)/
                                        female
                                        total population: 0.85 male(s)/
                                        female (2002 est.)
                 Infant mortality rate: 14.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2002
                                        est.)
              Life expectancy at birth: total population: 69 years
                                        female: 75.17 years (2002 est.)
                                        male: 63.13 years
                  Total fertility rate: 1.18 children born/woman (2002 est.)
      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.12% (2001 est.)
     HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ 1,792 (15 January 2002)
                                  AIDS:
                     HIV/AIDS - deaths: 36 (15 January 2002)
                           Nationality: noun: Latvian(s)
                                        adjective: Latvian
                         Ethnic groups: Latvian 57.7%, Russian 29.6%,
                                        Belarusian 4.1%, Ukrainian 2.7%,
                                        Polish 2.5%, Lithuanian 1.4%, other
                                        2%
                             Religions: Lutheran, Roman Catholic, Russian
                                        Orthodox
                             Languages: Latvian (official), Lithuanian,
                                        Russian, other
                              Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
                                        and write
                                        total population: 99.8%
                                        male: NA%
                                        female: NA%
  
   Government Latvia
   -----------------
                          Country name: conventional long form: Republic of
                                        Latvia
                                        conventional short form: Latvia
                                        local short form: Latvija
                                        former: Latvian Soviet Socialist
                                        Republic
                                        local long form: Latvijas Republika
                       Government type: parliamentary democracy
                               Capital: Riga
              Administrative divisions: 26 counties (singular - rajons) and
                                        7 municipalities*: Aizkraukles
                                        Rajons, Aluksnes Rajons, Balvu
                                        Rajons, Bauskas Rajons, Cesu Rajons,
                                        Daugavpils*, Daugavpils Rajons,
                                        Dobeles Rajons, Gulbenes Rajons,
                                        Jekabpils Rajons, Jelgava*, Jelgavas
                                        Rajons, Jurmala*, Kraslavas Rajons,
                                        Kuldigas Rajons, Liepaja*, Liepajas
                                        Rajons, Limbazu Rajons, Ludzas
                                        Rajons, Madonas Rajons, Ogres
                                        Rajons, Preilu Rajons, Rezekne*,
                                        Rezeknes Rajons, Riga*, Rigas
                                        Rajons, Saldus Rajons, Talsu Rajons,
                                        Tukuma Rajons, Valkas Rajons,
                                        Valmieras Rajons, Ventspils*,
                                        Ventspils Rajons
                          Independence: 21 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
                      National holiday: Independence Day, 18 November
                                        (1918); note - 18 November 1918 is
                                        the date of independence from Soviet
                                        Russia, 21 August 1991 is the date
                                        of independence from the Soviet
                                        Union
                          Constitution: the 1991 Constitutional Law which
                                        supplements the 1922 constitution,
                                        provides for basic rights and
                                        freedoms
                          Legal system: based on civil law system
                              Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal for
                                        Latvian citizens
                      Executive branch: chief of state: President Vaira
                                        VIKE-FREIBERGA (since 8 July 1999)
                                        head of government: Prime Minister
                                        Andris BERZINS (since 5 May 2000)
                                        cabinet: Council of Ministers
                                        nominated by the prime minister and
                                        appointed by the Parliament
                                        elections: president elected by
                                        Parliament for a four-year term;
                                        election last held 17 June 1999
                                        (next to be held by June 2003);
                                        prime minister appointed by the
                                        president
                                        election results: Vaira VIKE-
                                        FREIBERGA elected as a compromise
                                        candidate in second phase of
                                        balloting, second round (after five
                                        rounds in first phase failed to
                                        produce a clear winner); percent of
                                        parliamentary vote - Vaira VIKE-
                                        FREIBERGA 53%, Valdis BIRKAVS 20%,
                                        Ingrida UDRE 9%
                    Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament or Saeima (100
                                        seats; members are elected by
                                        direct, popular vote to serve four-
                                        year terms)
                                        elections: last held 3 October 1998
                                        (next to be held NA October 2002)
                                        election results: percent of vote by
                                        party - People's Party 21%, LC 18%,
                                        TSP 14%, TB/LNNK 14%, Social
                                        Democrats 13%, New Party 7%; seats
                                        by party - People's Party 24, LC 21,
                                        TB/LNNK 17, TSP 16, Social Democrats
                                        14, New Party 8
                       Judicial branch: Supreme Court (judges' appointments
                                        are confirmed by Parliament)
         Political parties and leaders: Anticommunist Union or PA [P.
                                        MUCENIEKS]; Christian Democrat Union
                                        or LKDS [Talavs JUNDZIS]; Christian
                                        People's Party or KTP [Uldis
                                        AUGSTKALNS]; Democratic Party
                                        "Saimnieks" or DPS [Ziedonis CEVERS,
                                        chairman]; For Fatherland and
                                        Freedom or TB [Maris GRINBLATS],
                                        merged with LNNK; For Human Rights
                                        in a United Latvia [Janis JURKANS],
                                        a coalition of the People's Harmony
                                        Party or TSP, the Latvian Socialist
                                        Party or LSP, and the Equal Rights
                                        Movement; Green Party or LZP [Olegs
                                        BATAREVSKI]; Latvian Liberal Party
                                        or LLP [J. DANOSS]; Latvian National
                                        Conservative Party or LNNK [Andrejs
                                        KRASTINS]; Latvian National
                                        Democratic Party or LNDP [A.
                                        MALINS]; Latvian Social-Democratic
                                        Workers Party (Social Democrats) or
                                        LSDWU [Juris BOJARS and Janis
                                        ADAMSONS]; Latvian Unity Party or
                                        LVP [Alberis KAULS]; Latvia's Way or
                                        LC [Andrei PANTELEJEVS]; New
                                        Christian Party [Ainars SLESERS];
                                        New Faction [Ingrida UDRE]; New
                                        Party [leader NA]; New Times Party
                                        [Einars REPSE]; "Our Land" or MZ [M.
                                        DAMBEKALNE]; Party of Russian
                                        Citizens or LKPP [V. SOROCHIN, V.
                                        IVANOV]; People's Party [Andris
                                        SKELE]; Political Union of
                                        Economists or TPA [Edvins KIDE]
          Political pressure groups and NA
                               leaders:
             International organization BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECE,
                         participation: EU (applicant), FAO, IAEA, IBRD,
                                        ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS,
                                        ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM,
                                        ISO (correspondent), ITU, NSG, OAS
                                        (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP,
                                        UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WEU
                                        (associate partner), WHO, WIPO, WMO,
                                        WTrO
   Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Aivis
                                        RONIS
                                        FAX: [1] (202) 726-6785
                                        telephone: [1] (202) 726-8213, 8214
                                        chancery: 4325 17th Street NW,
                                        Washington, DC 20011
     Diplomatic representation from the chief of mission: Ambassador Brian
                                    US: E. CARLSON
                                        embassy: 7 Raina Boulevard, Riga LV-
                                        1510
                                        mailing address: American Embassy
                                        Riga, PSC 78, Box Riga, APO AE 09723
  
                                        telephone: [371] 721-0005
                                        FAX: [371] 782-0047
                      Flag description: three horizontal bands of maroon
                                        (top), white (half-width), and
                                        maroon
  
   Economy Latvia
   --------------
                    Economy - overview: Latvia's transitional economy
                                        recovered from the 1998 Russian
                                        financial crisis, largely due to the
                                        SKELE government's budget stringency
                                        and a gradual reorientation of
                                        exports toward EU countries,
                                        lessening Latvia's trade dependency
                                        on Russia. The majority of
                                        companies, banks, and real estate
                                        have been privatized. Latvia
                                        officially joined the World Trade
                                        Organization in February 1999 - the
                                        first Baltic state to join - and was
                                        invited at the Helsinki EU Summit in
                                        December 1999 to begin accession
                                        talks in early 2000. Preparing for
                                        EU membership over the next few
                                        years remains a top foreign policy
                                        goal. The high current account
                                        deficit remains a major concern.
                                   GDP: purchasing power parity - $18.6
                                        billion (2001 est.)
                GDP - real growth rate: 6.3% (2001 est.)
                      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $7,800
                                        (2001 est.)
           GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 5%
                                        industry: 24%
                                        services: 71% (2000)
         Population below poverty line: NA%
     Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: 2.9%
                      percentage share: highest 10%: 25.9% (1998)
   Distribution of family income - Gini 32 (1999)
                                 index:
      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.5% (2001)
                           Labor force: 1.1 million (2001 est.)
           Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 15%, industry 25%,
                                        services 60% (2000 est.)
                     Unemployment rate: 7.6% (2001 est.)
                                Budget: revenues: $2.4 billion
                                        expenditures: $2.6 billion,
                                        including capital expenditures of
                                        $NA (2002 est.)
                            Industries: buses, vans, street and railroad
                                        cars, synthetic fibers, agricultural
                                        machinery, fertilizers, washing
                                        machines, radios, electronics,
                                        pharmaceuticals, processed foods,
                                        textiles; note - dependent on
                                        imports for energy and raw materials
     Industrial production growth rate: 6.4% (2001 est.)
              Electricity - production: 3.301 billion kWh (2000)
    Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 33.02%
                                        hydro: 66.98%
                                        other: 0% (2000)
                                        nuclear: 0%
             Electricity - consumption: 5.16 billion kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - exports: 500 million kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - imports: 2.59 billion kWh (2000)
                Agriculture - products: grain, sugar beets, potatoes,
                                        vegetables; beef, pork, milk, eggs;
                                        fish
                               Exports: $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 2001)
                 Exports - commodities: wood and wood products, machinery
                                        and equipment, metals, textiles,
                                        foodstuffs
                    Exports - partners: Germany 17%, UK 16%, Sweden 10%,
                                        Lithuania 8% (2001 est.)
                               Imports: $3.3 billion (f.o.b., 2001)
                 Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment, chemicals,
                                        fuels, vehicles
                    Imports - partners: Germany 17%, Russia 9%, Lithuania
                                        8%, Finland 8%, Sweden 7% (2001
                                        est.)
                       Debt - external: $2.6 billion (2000 est.)
              Economic aid - recipient: $96.2 million (1995)
                              Currency: Latvian lat (LVL)
                         Currency code: LVL
                        Exchange rates: lati per US dollar - 0.6384 (January
                                        2002), 0.628 (2001), 0.607 (2000),
                                        0.585 (1999), 0.590 (1998), 0.581
                                        (1997)
                           Fiscal year: calendar year
  
   Communications Latvia
   ---------------------
        Telephones - main lines in use: 734,693 (2000)
          Telephones - mobile cellular: 401,263 (2000)
                      Telephone system: general assessment: inadequate, but
                                        is being modernized to provide an
                                        international capability independent
                                        of the Moscow international switch;
                                        more facilities are being installed
                                        for individual use
                                        domestic: expansion underway in
                                        intercity trunk line connections,
                                        rural exchanges, and mobile systems;
                                        still many unsatisfied subscriber
                                        applications
                                        international: international
                                        connections are now available via
                                        cable and a satellite earth station
                                        at Riga, enabling direct connections
                                        for most calls (1998)
              Radio broadcast stations: AM 8, FM 56, shortwave 1 (1998)
                                Radios: 1.76 million (1997)
         Television broadcast stations: 44 (plus 31 repeaters) (1995)
                           Televisions: 1.22 million (1997)
                 Internet country code: .lv
     Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 41 (2001)
                        Internet users: 310,000 (2001)
  
   Transportation Latvia
   ---------------------
                              Railways: total: 2,412 km
                                        broad gauge: 2,379 km 1.520-m gauge
                                        (271 km electrified)
                                        narrow gauge: 33 km 0.750-m gauge
                                        (2001)
                              Highways: total: 59,178 km
                                        paved: 22,843 km
                                        unpaved: 36,335 km (1998 est.)
                             Waterways: 300 km (perennially navigable)
                             Pipelines: crude oil 750 km; refined products
                                        780 km; natural gas 560 km (1992)
                     Ports and harbors: Liepaja, Riga, Ventspils
                       Merchant marine: total: 6 ships (1,000 GRT or over)
                                        totaling 30,119 GRT/30,572 DWT
                                        note: includes some foreign-owned
                                        ships registered here as a flag of
                                        convenience: Greece 3 (2002 est.)
                                        ships by type: cargo 1, petroleum
                                        tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 4
                              Airports: 25 (2001)
         Airports - with paved runways: total: 13
                                        2,438 to 3,047 m: 7
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 1
                                        under 914 m: 4 (2001)
       Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 12
                                        2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 2
                                        under 914 m: 7 (2001)
  
   Military Latvia
   ---------------
                     Military branches: Ground Forces, Navy, Air and Air
                                        Defense Forces, Border Guard,
                                        National Guard
      Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age (2002 est.)
      Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 591,592 (2002 est.)
   Military manpower - fit for military males age 15-49: 464,843 (2002 est.)
                               service:
           Military manpower - reaching males: 19,114 (2002 est.)
                 military age annually:
         Military expenditures - dollar $87 million (FY01)
                                figure:
     Military expenditures - percent of 1.2% (FY01)
                                   GDP:
  
   Transnational Issues Latvia
   ---------------------------
               Disputes - international: the Russian Duma refuses to ratify
                                         boundary delimitation treaty with
                                         Latvia; the Latvian Parliament has
                                         not ratified its 1998 maritime
                                         boundary treaty with Lithuania,
                                         primarily due to concerns over oil
                                         exploration rights
                          Illicit drugs: transshipment point for opiates and
                                         cannabis from Central and Southwest
                                         Asia to Western Europe and
                                         Scandinavia and Latin American
                                         cocaine and some synthetics from
                                         Western Europe to CIS
  
                                       



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