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World Gazetteer Results for Houlung:
NameHoulung
Geographical TypeLocality
Population41118
Latitude
Longitude
CountryTaiwan
Administrative DivisionMiaoli
Dictionary Results for Taiwan:
1. WordNet® 3.0 (2006)
Taiwan
    n 1: a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by
         Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the
         Communists led by Mao Zedong [syn: Taiwan, China,
         Nationalist China, Republic of China]
    2: an island in southeastern Asia 100 miles off the coast of
       mainland China in the South China Sea [syn: Taiwan,
       Formosa]

2. The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
Formosa \Formosa\ prop. n.
   An island off the coast of China, also called Taiwan. It
   was occupied by Japan from 1895 to 1945, when it was returned
   to Chinese sovereignty. After the Communist revolution which
   took over the Chinese mainland in 1949, the Nationalist
   Chinese under Chang Kai-Shek retreated to the island of
   Formosa and established that island as the base of their
   government, being recognized for several years as the de jure
   possessor of the China seat in the United Nations. The
   capital is Taipei. As of 1998, both the Taiwan government and
   the mainland China government recognized Taiwan as properly a
   part of China, but the island is currently ruled as a de
   facto independent nation, though it does not possess a seat
   in the United Nations. The question of when and under what
   circumstances the island will be reunited with the mainland
   government is still unresolved.

   Syn: Taiwan.
        [PJC]

3. CIA World Factbook 2002
Taiwan

   Introduction Taiwan
   -------------------
                            Background: In 1895, military defeat forced
                                        China to cede Taiwan to Japan,
                                        however it reverted to Chinese
                                        control after World War II.
                                        Following the Communist victory on
                                        the mainland in 1949, 2 million
                                        Nationalists fled to Taiwan and
                                        established a government using the
                                        1947 constitution drawn up for all
                                        of China. Over the next five
                                        decades, the ruling authorities
                                        gradually democratized and
                                        incorporated the native population
                                        within its governing structure. This
                                        culminated in 2000, when Taiwan
                                        underwent its first peaceful
                                        transfer of power from the
                                        Nationalist to the Democratic
                                        Progressive Party. Throughout this
                                        period, the island has prospered to
                                        become one of East Asia's economic
                                        "Tigers." The dominant political
                                        issues continue to be the
                                        relationship between Taiwan and
                                        China - specifically the question of
                                        eventual unification - as well as
                                        domestic political and economic
                                        reform.
  
   Geography Taiwan
   ----------------
                              Location: Eastern Asia, islands bordering the
                                        East China Sea, Philippine Sea,
                                        South China Sea, and Taiwan Strait,
                                        north of the Philippines, off the
                                        southeastern coast of China
                Geographic coordinates: 23 30 N, 121 00 E
                        Map references: Southeast Asia
                                  Area: total: 35,980 sq km
                                        note: includes the Pescadores,
                                        Matsu, and Quemoy
                                        water: 3,720 sq km
                                        land: 32,260 sq km
                    Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Maryland and
                                        Delaware combined
                       Land boundaries: 0 km
                             Coastline: 1,566.3 km
                       Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
                                        territorial sea: 12 NM
                               Climate: tropical; marine; rainy season
                                        during southwest monsoon (June to
                                        August); cloudiness is persistent
                                        and extensive all year
                               Terrain: eastern two-thirds mostly rugged
                                        mountains; flat to gently rolling
                                        plains in west
                    Elevation extremes: lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
                                        highest point: Yu Shan 3,997 m
                     Natural resources: small deposits of coal, natural gas,
                                        limestone, marble, and asbestos
                              Land use: arable land: 24%
                                        permanent crops: 1%
                                        other: 75%
                        Irrigated land: NA sq km
                       Natural hazards: earthquakes and typhoons
          Environment - current issues: air pollution; water pollution from
                                        industrial emissions, raw sewage;
                                        contamination of drinking water
                                        supplies; trade in endangered
                                        species; low-level radioactive waste
                                        disposal
            Environment - international party to: none of the selected
                            agreements: agreements because of Taiwan's
                                        international status
                                        signed, but not ratified: none of
                                        the selected agreements because of
                                        Taiwan's international status
                      Geography - note: strategic location adjacent to both
                                        the Taiwan Strait and the Luzon
                                        Strait
  
   People Taiwan
   -------------
                            Population: 22,548,009 (July 2002 est.)
                         Age structure: 0-14 years: 21% (male 2,464,290;
                                        female 2,268,627)
                                        15-64 years: 70% (male 8,010,014;
                                        female 7,774,296)
                                        65 years and over: 9% (male
                                        1,053,975; female 976,807) (2002
                                        est.)
                Population growth rate: 0.78% (2002 est.)
                            Birth rate: 14.21 births/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                            Death rate: 6.08 deaths/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                    Net migration rate: -0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population
                                        (2002 est.)
                             Sex ratio: at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female
                                        under 15 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
                                        15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
                                        65 years and over: 1.08 male(s)/
                                        female
                                        total population: 1.05 male(s)/
                                        female (2002 est.)
                 Infant mortality rate: 6.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2002
                                        est.)
              Life expectancy at birth: total population: 76.74 years
                                        female: 79.71 years (2002 est.)
                                        male: 73.99 years
                  Total fertility rate: 1.76 children born/woman (2002 est.)
     HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ NA
                                  AIDS:
                     HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA
                           Nationality: noun: Chinese (singular and plural)
                                        adjective: Chinese
                         Ethnic groups: Taiwanese (including Hakka) 84%,
                                        mainland Chinese 14%, aborigine 2%
                             Religions: mixture of Buddhist, Confucian, and
                                        Taoist 93%, Christian 4.5%, other
                                        2.5%
                             Languages: Mandarin Chinese (official),
                                        Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects
                              Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
                                        and write
                                        total population: 86% (1980 est.)
                                        male: 93% (1980 est.)
                                        female: 79% (1980 est.)
                                        note: literacy for the total
                                        population has reportedly increased
                                        to 94% (1998 est.)
  
   Government Taiwan
   -----------------
                          Country name: conventional long form: none
                                        conventional short form: Taiwan
                                        local short form: T'ai-wan
                                        local long form: none
                                        former: Formosa
                       Government type: multiparty democratic regime headed
                                        by popularly elected president and
                                        unicameral legislature
                               Capital: Taipei
              Administrative divisions: the central administrative divisions
                                        include the provinces of Fu-chien
                                        (some 20 offshore islands of Fujian
                                        Province including Quemoy and Matsu)
                                        and Taiwan (the island of Taiwan and
                                        the Pescadores islands); Taiwan is
                                        further subdivided into 16 counties
                                        (hsien, singular and plural), 5
                                        municipalities* (shih, singular and
                                        plural), and 2 special
                                        municipalities** (chuan-shih,
                                        singular and plural); Chang-hua,
                                        Chia-i, Chia-i*, Chi-lung*, Hsin-
                                        chu, Hsin-chu*, Hua-lien, I-lan,
                                        Kao-hsiung, Kao-hsiung**, Miao-li,
                                        Nan-t'ou, P'eng-hu, P'ing-tung,
                                        T'ai-chung, T'ai-chung*, T'ai-nan,
                                        T'ai-nan*, T'ai-pei, T'ai-pei**,
                                        T'ai-tung, T'ao-yuan, and Yun-lin;
                                        the provincial capital is at Chung-
                                        hsing-hsin-ts'un
                                        note: Taiwan uses the Wade-Giles
                                        system for romanization
                      National holiday: Republic Day (Anniversary of the
                                        Chinese Revolution), 10 October
                                        (1911)
                          Constitution: 1 January 1947, amended in 1992,
                                        1994, 1997, and 1999
                          Legal system: based on civil law system; accepts
                                        compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
                                        reservations
                              Suffrage: 20 years of age; universal
                      Executive branch: chief of state: President Shui-bian
                                        CHEN (since 20 May 2000) and Vice
                                        President Annette Hsiu-lien LU
                                        (since 20 May 2000)
                                        election results: Shui-bian CHEN
                                        elected president; percent of vote -
                                        Shui-bian CHEN (DPP) 39.3%, James
                                        SOONG (independent) 36.84%, LIEN
                                        Chan (KMT) 23.1%, HSU Hsin-liang
                                        (independent) 0.63%, LEE Ao (CNP)
                                        0.13%
                                        elections: president and vice
                                        president elected on the same ticket
                                        by popular vote for four-year terms;
                                        election last held 18 March 2000
                                        (next to be held NA March 2004);
                                        premier appointed by the president;
                                        vice premiers appointed by the
                                        president on the recommendation of
                                        the premier
                                        head of government: Premier
                                        (President of the Executive Yuan)
                                        Shyi-kun YU (since 1 February 2002)
                                        and Vice Premier (Vice President of
                                        the Executive Yuan) Hsin-yi LIN
                                        (since 1 February 2002)
                                        cabinet: Executive Yuan appointed by
                                        the president
                    Legislative branch: unicameral Legislative Yuan (225
                                        seats - 168 elected by popular vote,
                                        41 elected on the basis of the
                                        proportion of islandwide votes
                                        received by participating political
                                        parties, eight elected from overseas
                                        Chinese constituencies on the basis
                                        of the proportion of islandwide
                                        votes received by participating
                                        political parties, eight elected by
                                        popular vote among the aboriginal
                                        populations; members serve three-
                                        year terms) and unicameral National
                                        Assembly (300 seat nonstanding body;
                                        delegates nominated by parties and
                                        elected by proportional
                                        representation within three months
                                        of a Legislative Yuan call to amend
                                        the Constitution, impeach the
                                        president, or change national
                                        borders)
                                        elections: Legislative Yuan - last
                                        held 8 December 2001 (next to be
                                        held NA December 2004); note - the
                                        National Assembly is a nonstanding
                                        body and is called into session
                                        election results: Legislative Yuan -
                                        percent of vote by party - DPP 39%,
                                        KMT 30%, PFP 20%, TSU 6%,
                                        independents and other parties 5%;
                                        seats by party - DPP 87, KMT 68, PFP
                                        46, TSU 13, independents and other
                                        parties 11
                       Judicial branch: Judicial Yuan (justices appointed by
                                        the president with consent of the
                                        National Assembly; note - beginning
                                        in 2003, justices will be appointed
                                        by the president with consent of the
                                        Legislative Yuan)
         Political parties and leaders: Democratic Progressive Party or DPP
                                        [Frank Chang-ting HSIEH, chairman];
                                        Kuomintang or KMT (Nationalist
                                        Party) [LIEN Chan, chairman]; People
                                        First Party or PFP [James Chu-yu
                                        SOONG, chairman]; Taiwan Solidarity
                                        Union or TSU [Chu-wen HUANG,
                                        chairman]; other minor parties
          Political pressure groups and Taiwan independence movement,
                               leaders: various business and environmental
                                        groups
                                        note: debate on Taiwan independence
                                        has become acceptable within the
                                        mainstream of domestic politics on
                                        Taiwan; political liberalization and
                                        the increased representation of
                                        opposition parties in Taiwan's
                                        legislature have opened public
                                        debate on the island's national
                                        identity; a broad popular consensus
                                        has developed that Taiwan currently
                                        enjoys de facto independence and -
                                        whatever the ultimate outcome
                                        regarding reunification or
                                        independence - that Taiwan's people
                                        must have the deciding voice;
                                        advocates of Taiwan independence
                                        oppose the stand that the island
                                        will eventually unify with mainland
                                        China; goals of the Taiwan
                                        independence movement include
                                        establishing a sovereign nation on
                                        Taiwan and entering the UN; other
                                        organizations supporting Taiwan
                                        independence include the World
                                        United Formosans for Independence
                                        and the Organization for Taiwan
                                        Nation Building
             International organization APEC, AsDB, BCIE, ICC, ICFTU, IFRCS,
                         participation: IOC, WCL, WTrO
   Diplomatic representation in the US: none; unofficial commercial and
                                        cultural relations with the people
                                        of the US are maintained through an
                                        unofficial instrumentality, the
                                        Taipei Economic and Cultural
                                        Representative Office (TECRO) in the
                                        US with headquarters in Taipei and
                                        field offices in Washington and 12
                                        other US cities
     Diplomatic representation from the none; unofficial commercial and
                                    US: cultural relations with the people
                                        on Taiwan are maintained through an
                                        unofficial instrumentality - the
                                        American Institute in Taiwan (AIT) -
                                        which has offices in the US and
                                        Taiwan; US office located at 1700 N.
                                        Moore St., Suite 1700, Arlington, VA
                                        22209-1996, telephone: [1] (703)
                                        525-8474, FAX: [1] (703) 841-1385);
                                        Taiwan offices located at #7 Lane
                                        134, Hsin Yi Road, Section 3,
                                        Taipei, Taiwan, telephone: [886] (2)
                                        2709-2000, FAX: [886] (2) 2702-7675;
                                        #2 Chung Cheng 3rd Road, 5th Floor,
                                        Kaohsiung, Taiwan, telephone: [886]
                                        (7) 224-0154 through 0157, FAX:
                                        [886] (7) 223-8237; and the American
                                        Trade Center, Room 3208
                                        International Trade Building, Taipei
                                        World Trade Center, 333 Keelung Road
                                        Section 1, Taipei, Taiwan 10548,
                                        telephone: [886] (2) 2720-1550, FAX:
                                        [886] (2) 2757-7162
                      Flag description: red with a dark blue rectangle in
                                        the upper hoist-side corner bearing
                                        a white sun with 12 triangular rays
  
   Economy Taiwan
   --------------
                    Economy - overview: Taiwan has a dynamic capitalist
                                        economy with gradually decreasing
                                        guidance of investment and foreign
                                        trade by government authorities. In
                                        keeping with this trend, some large
                                        government-owned banks and
                                        industrial firms are being
                                        privatized. Real growth in GDP has
                                        averaged about 8% during the past
                                        three decades. Exports have provided
                                        the primary impetus for
                                        industrialization. The trade surplus
                                        is substantial, and foreign reserves
                                        are the world's third largest.
                                        Agriculture contributes 2% to GDP,
                                        down from 35% in 1952. Traditional
                                        labor-intensive industries are
                                        steadily being moved offshore and
                                        replaced with more capital- and
                                        technology-intensive industries.
                                        Taiwan has become a major investor
                                        in China, Thailand, Indonesia, the
                                        Philippines, Malaysia, and Vietnam;
                                        50,000 Taiwanese businesses are
                                        established in China. Because of its
                                        conservative financial approach and
                                        its entrepreneurial strengths,
                                        Taiwan suffered little compared with
                                        many of its neighbors from the Asian
                                        financial crisis in 1998-99. The
                                        global economic downturn, however,
                                        combined with poor policy
                                        coordination by the new
                                        administration and increasing bad
                                        debts in the banking system, pushed
                                        Taiwan into recession in 2001, the
                                        first whole year of negative growth
                                        since 1947. Unemployment also
                                        reached a level not seen since the
                                        1970s oil crisis.
                                   GDP: purchasing power parity - $386
                                        billion (2001 est.)
                GDP - real growth rate: -2.2% (2001 est.)
                      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $17,200
                                        (2001 est.)
           GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 2%
                                        industry: 32%
                                        services: 66% (2000 est.)
         Population below poverty line: 1% (2000 est.)
     Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: NA%
                      percentage share: highest 10%: NA%
   Distribution of family income - Gini 32.6 (2000)
                                 index:
      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.5% (2001 est.)
                           Labor force: 9.8 million (2001 est.)
           Labor force - by occupation: services 56%, industry 36%,
                                        agriculture 8% (2001 est.)
                     Unemployment rate: 4.5% (2001 est.)
                                Budget: revenues: $36 billion
                                        expenditures: $36.1 billion,
                                        including capital expenditures of
                                        $NA (2002 est.)
                            Industries: electronics, petroleum refining,
                                        chemicals, textiles, iron and steel,
                                        machinery, cement, food processing
     Industrial production growth rate: -5% (2001 est.)
              Electricity - production: 149.78 billion kWh (2000)
    Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 69.48%
                                        hydro: 5.82%
                                        other: 0% (2000)
                                        nuclear: 24.7%
             Electricity - consumption: 139.295 billion kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (2000)
                Agriculture - products: rice, corn, vegetables, fruit, tea;
                                        pigs, poultry, beef, milk; fish
                               Exports: $122 billion (f.o.b., 2001)
                 Exports - commodities: machinery and electrical equipment
                                        55%, metals, textiles, plastics,
                                        chemicals
                    Exports - partners: US 23.5%, Hong Kong 21.1%, Europe
                                        16%, ASEAN 12.2%, Japan 11.2% (2000)
                               Imports: $109 billion (f.o.b., 2001)
                 Imports - commodities: machinery and electrical equipment
                                        50%, minerals, precision instruments
                    Imports - partners: Japan 27.5%, US 17.9%, Europe 13.6%,
                                        South Korea 6.4% (2000)
                       Debt - external: $40 billion (2000)
                              Currency: new Taiwan dollar (TWD)
                         Currency code: TWD
                        Exchange rates: new Taiwan dollars per US dollar -
                                        34.494 (yearend 2001), 33.082
                                        (yearend 2000), 31.395 (yearend
                                        1999), 32.216 (1998), 32.052 (1997),
                                        27.5 (1996)
                           Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June (up to FY98/99); 1
                                        July 1999 - 31 December 2000 for
                                        FY00; calendar year (after FY00)
  
   Communications Taiwan
   ---------------------
        Telephones - main lines in use: 12.49 million (September 2000)
          Telephones - mobile cellular: 16 million (September 2000)
                      Telephone system: general assessment: provides
                                        telecommunications service for every
                                        business and private need
                                        domestic: thoroughly modern;
                                        completely digitalized
                                        international: satellite earth
                                        stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Pacific
                                        Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean); submarine
                                        cables to Japan (Okinawa),
                                        Philippines, Guam, Singapore, Hong
                                        Kong, Indonesia, Australia, Middle
                                        East, and Western Europe (1999)
              Radio broadcast stations: AM 218, FM 333, shortwave 50 (1999)
                                Radios: 16 million (1994)
         Television broadcast stations: 29 (plus two repeaters) (1997)
                           Televisions: 8.8 million (1998)
                 Internet country code: .tw
     Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 8 (2000)
                        Internet users: 11.6 million (2001)
  
   Transportation Taiwan
   ---------------------
                              Railways: total: 1,108 km
                                        narrow gauge: 1,108 km 1.067-m gauge
                                        (519 km electrified)
                                        note: in addition to the above
                                        routes in common carrier service,
                                        there are several thousand
                                        kilometers of 1.067-m gauge routes
                                        that are dedicated to industrial use
                                        (2001)
                              Highways: total: 34,901 km
                                        paved: 31,271 km (including 538 km
                                        of expressways)
                                        unpaved: 3,630 km (1998 est.)
                             Waterways: NA
                             Pipelines: petroleum products 3,400 km; natural
                                        gas 1,800 km (1999)
                     Ports and harbors: Chi-lung (Keelung), Hua-lien, Kao-
                                        hsiung, Su-ao, T'ai-chung
                       Merchant marine: total: 152 ships (1,000 GRT or over)
                                        totaling 4,262,451 GRT/6,596,950 DWT
  
                                        note: includes some foreign-owned
                                        ships registered here as a flag of
                                        convenience: Hong Kong 3, Japan 1
                                        (2002 est.)
                                        ships by type: bulk 40, cargo 28,
                                        combination bulk 3, container 53,
                                        petroleum tanker 17, refrigerated
                                        cargo 9, roll on/roll off 2
                              Airports: 39 (2001)
         Airports - with paved runways: total: 36
                                        over 3,047 m: 8
                                        2,438 to 3,047 m: 9
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 8
                                        under 914 m: 3 (2001)
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 8
       Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 3
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
                                        under 914 m: 2 (2001)
                             Heliports: 3 (2001)
  
   Military Taiwan
   ---------------
                     Military branches: Army, Navy (including Marine Corps),
                                        Air Force, Coast Guard
                                        Administration, Armed Forces Reserve
                                        Command, Combined Service Forces
                                        Command
      Military manpower - military age: 19 years of age (2002 est.)
      Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 6,575,625 (2002
                                        est.)
   Military manpower - fit for military males age 15-49: 5,018,882 (2002
                               service: est.)
           Military manpower - reaching males: 198,766 (2002 est.)
                 military age annually:
         Military expenditures - dollar $8,041.2 million (FY01)
                                figure:
     Military expenditures - percent of 2.8% (FY01)
                                   GDP:
  
   Transnational Issues Taiwan
   ---------------------------
              Disputes - international: involved in complex dispute over the
                                        Spratly Islands with China,
                                        Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, and
                                        possibly Brunei; Paracel Islands
                                        occupied by China, but claimed by
                                        Taiwan and Vietnam; claims Japanese-
                                        administered Senkaku-shoto (Senkaku
                                        Islands/Diaoyu Tai), as does China
                         Illicit drugs: regional transit point for heroin
                                        and methamphetamine; major problem
                                        with domestic consumption of
                                        methamphetamine and heroin
  
                                       



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