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World Gazetteer Results for Espérance:
NameEspérance
Geographical TypeLocality
Population1878
Latitude
Longitude
CountryMauritius
Administrative DivisionMoka
Dictionary Results for Mauritius:
1. WordNet® 3.0 (2006)
Mauritius
    n 1: a parliamentary state on the island of Mauritius [syn:
         Mauritius, Republic of Mauritius]
    2: an island in the southwestern Indian Ocean

2. The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
Mauritius \Mauritius\ prop. n.
   1. A country on the island of Mauritius.
      [WordNet 1.5]

   2. An island in the Indian Ocean.

   Syn: Ile de France.
        [WordNet 1.5]

3. CIA World Factbook 2002
Mauritius

   Introduction Mauritius
   ----------------------
                            Background: Discovered by the Portuguese in
                                        1505, Mauritius was subsequently
                                        held by the Dutch, French, and
                                        British before independence was
                                        attained in 1968. A stable democracy
                                        with regular free elections and a
                                        positive human rights record, the
                                        country has attracted considerable
                                        foreign investment and has earned
                                        one of Africa's highest per capita
                                        incomes. Recent poor weather and
                                        declining sugar prices have slowed
                                        economic growth leading to some
                                        protests over standards of living in
                                        the Creole community.
  
   Geography Mauritius
   -------------------
                              Location: Southern Africa, island in the
                                        Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
                Geographic coordinates: 20 17 S, 57 33 E
                        Map references: Political Map of the World
                                  Area: total: 2,040 sq km
                                        note: includes Agalega Islands,
                                        Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint
                                        Brandon), and Rodrigues
                                        water: 10 sq km
                                        land: 2,030 sq km
                    Area - comparative: almost 11 times the size of
                                        Washington, DC
                       Land boundaries: 0 km
                             Coastline: 177 km
                       Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200 NM or to the
                                        edge of the continental margin
                                        territorial sea: 12 NM
                                        exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
                               Climate: tropical, modified by southeast
                                        trade winds; warm, dry winter (May
                                        to November); hot, wet, humid summer
                                        (November to May)
                               Terrain: small coastal plain rising to
                                        discontinuous mountains encircling
                                        central plateau
                    Elevation extremes: lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
                                        highest point: Mont Piton 828 m
                     Natural resources: arable land, fish
                              Land use: arable land: 49.26%
                                        permanent crops: 2.96%
                                        other: 47.78% (1998 est.)
                        Irrigated land: 200 sq km (1998 est.)
                       Natural hazards: cyclones (November to April); almost
                                        completely surrounded by reefs that
                                        may pose maritime hazards
          Environment - current issues: water pollution, degradation of
                                        coral reefs
            Environment - international party to: Biodiversity, Climate
                            agreements: Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
                                        Protocol, Desertification,
                                        Endangered Species, Environmental
                                        Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law
                                        of the Sea, Marine Life
                                        Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban,
                                        Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
                                        Pollution, Wetlands
                                        signed, but not ratified: none of
                                        the selected agreements
                      Geography - note: the main island, from which the
                                        country derives its name, is of
                                        volcanic origin and is almost
                                        entirely surrounded by coral reefs
  
   People Mauritius
   ----------------
                            Population: 1,200,206 (July 2002 est.)
                         Age structure: 0-14 years: 25.4% (male 153,810;
                                        female 150,464)
                                        15-64 years: 68.3% (male 409,028;
                                        female 411,070)
                                        65 years and over: 6.3% (male
                                        30,170; female 45,664) (2002 est.)
                Population growth rate: 0.86% (2002 est.)
                            Birth rate: 16.34 births/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                            Death rate: 6.81 deaths/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                    Net migration rate: -0.92 migrant(s)/1,000 population
                                        (2002 est.)
                             Sex ratio: at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female
                                        under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
                                        15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
                                        65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/
                                        female
                                        total population: 0.98 male(s)/
                                        female (2002 est.)
                 Infant mortality rate: 16.65 deaths/1,000 live births (2002
                                        est.)
              Life expectancy at birth: total population: 71.53 years
                                        female: 75.58 years (2002 est.)
                                        male: 67.54 years
                  Total fertility rate: 2 children born/woman (2002 est.)
      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.08% (1999 est.)
     HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ NA
                                  AIDS:
                     HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA
                           Nationality: noun: Mauritian(s)
                                        adjective: Mauritian
                         Ethnic groups: Indo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%,
                                        Sino-Mauritian 3%, Franco-Mauritian
                                        2%
                             Religions: Hindu 52%, Christian 28.3% (Roman
                                        Catholic 26%, Protestant 2.3%),
                                        Muslim 16.6%, other 3.1%
                             Languages: English (official), Creole, French
                                        (official), Hindi, Urdu, Hakka,
                                        Bhojpuri
                              Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
                                        and write
                                        total population: 82.9%
                                        male: 87.1%
                                        female: 78.8% (1995 est.)
  
   Government Mauritius
   --------------------
                          Country name: conventional long form: Republic of
                                        Mauritius
                                        conventional short form: Mauritius
                       Government type: parliamentary democracy
                               Capital: Port Louis
              Administrative divisions: 9 districts and 3 dependencies*;
                                        Agalega Islands*, Black River,
                                        Cargados Carajos Shoals*, Flacq,
                                        Grand Port, Moka, Pamplemousses,
                                        Plaines Wilhems, Port Louis, Riviere
                                        du Rempart, Rodrigues*, Savanne
                          Independence: 12 March 1968 (from UK)
                      National holiday: Independence Day, 12 March (1968)
                          Constitution: 12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992
                          Legal system: based on French civil law system
                                        with elements of English common law
                                        in certain areas
                              Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
                      Executive branch: chief of state: President Karl
                                        OFFMANN (since 25 February 2002) and
                                        Vice President Raouf BUNDHUN (since
                                        25 February 2002)
                                        head of government: Prime Minister
                                        Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH (since 17
                                        September 2000) and Deputy Prime
                                        Minister Paul BERENGER (since 17
                                        September 2000)
                                        cabinet: Council of Ministers
                                        appointed by the president on the
                                        recommendation of the prime minister
  
                                        elections: president and vice
                                        president elected by the National
                                        Assembly for five-year terms;
                                        election last held 25 February 2002
                                        (next to be held NA 2007); prime
                                        minister and deputy prime minister
                                        appointed by the president,
                                        responsible to the National Assembly
  
                                        election results: Karl OFFMANN
                                        elected president and Raouf BUNDHUN
                                        elected vice president; percent of
                                        vote by the National Assembly - NA%
                    Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (66
                                        seats; 62 elected by popular vote, 4
                                        appointed by the election commission
                                        from the losing political parties to
                                        give representation to various
                                        ethnic minorities; members serve
                                        five-year terms)
                                        elections: last held on 11 September
                                        2000 (next to be held by September
                                        2005)
                                        election results: percent of vote by
                                        party - MSM/MMM 52.3%, MLP/PMSD
                                        36.9%, OPR 10.8%; seats by party -
                                        MSM/MMM 54, MLP/PMSD 6, OPR 2
                       Judicial branch: Supreme Court
         Political parties and leaders: Hizbullah [Cehl Mohamed FAKEEMEEAH];
                                        Mauritian Labor Party or MLP
                                        [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian
                                        Militant Movement or MMM [Paul
                                        BERENGER] - in coalition with MSM;
                                        Mauritian Militant Renaissance or
                                        MMR [Dr. Paramhansa NABABSING];
                                        Mauritian Social Democrat Party or
                                        PMSD [Charles Xavier-Luc DUVAL];
                                        Militant Socialist Movement or MSM
                                        [Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH] - governing
                                        party; Rodrigues Movement or OPR
                                        [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]
          Political pressure groups and various labor unions
                               leaders:
             International organization ACCT, ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO,
                         participation: G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM,
                                        IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF,
                                        IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU,
                                        NAM, OAU, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UN
                                        Security Council (temporary),
                                        UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL,
                                        WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
   Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Usha
                                        JEETAH
                                        FAX: [1] (202) 966-0983
                                        telephone: [1] (202) 244-1491, 1492
                                        chancery: Suite 441, 4301
                                        Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington,
                                        DC 20008
     Diplomatic representation from the chief of mission: Ambassador
                                    US: (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Bisa
                                        WILLIAMS
                                        embassy: 4th Floor, Rogers House,
                                        John Kennedy Street, Port Louis
                                        mailing address: international mail:
                                        P. O. Box 544, Port Louis; US mail:
                                        American Embassy, Port Louis,
                                        Department of State, Washington, DC
                                        20521-2450
                                        telephone: [230] 208-2347, 208-2354,
                                        208-9763 through 9767
                                        FAX: [230] 208-9534
                      Flag description: four equal horizontal bands of red
                                        (top), blue, yellow, and green
  
   Economy Mauritius
   -----------------
                    Economy - overview: Since independence in 1968,
                                        Mauritius has developed from a low-
                                        income, agriculturally based economy
                                        to a middle-income diversified
                                        economy with growing industrial,
                                        financial, and tourist sectors. For
                                        most of the period, annual growth
                                        has been in the order of 5% to 6%.
                                        This remarkable achievement has been
                                        reflected in more equitable income
                                        distribution, increased life
                                        expectancy, lowered infant
                                        mortality, and a much improved
                                        infrastructure. Sugarcane is grown
                                        on about 90% of the cultivated land
                                        area and accounts for 25% of export
                                        earnings. The government's
                                        development strategy centers on
                                        foreign investment. Mauritius has
                                        attracted more than 9,000 offshore
                                        entities, many aimed at commerce in
                                        India and South Africa, and
                                        investment in the banking sector
                                        alone has reached over $1 billion.
                                        Mauritius, with its strong textile
                                        sector and responsible fiscal
                                        management, was well-poised to take
                                        advantage of the Africa Growth and
                                        Opportunity Act (AGOA).
                                   GDP: purchasing power parity - $12.9
                                        billion (2001 est.)
                GDP - real growth rate: 5.2% (2001 est.)
                      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $10,800
                                        (2001 est.)
           GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 6%
                                        industry: 33%
                                        services: 61% (1999 est.)
         Population below poverty line: 10% (2001 est.)
     Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: NA%
                      percentage share: highest 10%: NA%
   Distribution of family income - Gini 0.37 (1987 est.)
                                 index:
      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4.2% (2001 est.)
                           Labor force: 514,000 (1995)
           Labor force - by occupation: construction and industry 36%,
                                        services 24%, agriculture and
                                        fishing 14%, trade, restaurants,
                                        hotels 16%, transportation and
                                        communication 7%, finance 3% (1995)
                     Unemployment rate: 8.6% (2001 est.)
                                Budget: revenues: $1.1 billion
                                        expenditures: $1.2 billion,
                                        including capital expenditures of
                                        $NA (1999 est.)
                            Industries: food processing (largely sugar
                                        milling), textiles, clothing;
                                        chemicals, metal products, transport
                                        equipment, nonelectrical machinery;
                                        tourism
     Industrial production growth rate: 8% (2000 est.)
              Electricity - production: 1.285 billion kWh (2000)
    Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 91.05%
                                        hydro: 8.95%
                                        other: 0% (2000)
                                        nuclear: 0%
             Electricity - consumption: 1.195 billion kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (2000)
                Agriculture - products: sugarcane, tea, corn, potatoes,
                                        bananas, pulses; cattle, goats; fish
                               Exports: $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.)
                 Exports - commodities: clothing and textiles, sugar, cut
                                        flowers, molasses
                    Exports - partners: UK 25.8%, France 20.8%, US 16.0%,
                                        South Africa 10.9%, Germany, Italy
                                        (2000 est.)
                               Imports: $2 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.)
                 Imports - commodities: manufactured goods, capital
                                        equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum
                                        products, chemicals (1996)
                    Imports - partners: South Africa 20.0%, France 19.0%,
                                        India 9.0%, Hong Kong 5.2%, UK (2000
                                        est.)
                       Debt - external: $2.3 billion (2000 est.)
              Economic aid - recipient: $42 million (1997)
                              Currency: Mauritian rupee (MUR)
                         Currency code: MUR
                        Exchange rates: Mauritian rupees per US dollar -
                                        30.345 (January 2002), 29.129
                                        (2001), 26.250 (2000), 25.186
                                        (1999), 22.993 (1998), 21.057 (1997)
                           Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
  
   Communications Mauritius
   ------------------------
        Telephones - main lines in use: 245,000 (1998)
          Telephones - mobile cellular: 60,482 (1998)
                      Telephone system: general assessment: small system
                                        with good service
                                        domestic: primarily microwave radio
                                        relay
                                        international: satellite earth
                                        station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean);
                                        new microwave link to Reunion; HF
                                        radiotelephone links to several
                                        countries
              Radio broadcast stations: AM 5, FM 9, shortwave 2 (1998)
                                Radios: 420,000 (1997)
         Television broadcast stations: 2 (plus several repeaters) (1997)
                           Televisions: 258,000 (1997)
                 Internet country code: .mu
     Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 2 (2000)
                        Internet users: 87,000 (2001)
  
   Transportation Mauritius
   ------------------------
                               Railways: 0 km (2002)
                               Highways: total: 1,860 km
                                         paved: 1,786 km (including 36 km of
                                         expressways)
                                         unpaved: 74 km (2001)
                              Waterways: none
                      Ports and harbors: Port Louis
                        Merchant marine: total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over)
                                         totaling 66,004 GRT/90,017 DWT
                                         ships by type: cargo 2, combination
                                         bulk 2, container 2, refrigerated
                                         cargo 2
                                         note: includes some foreign-owned
                                         ships registered here as a flag of
                                         convenience:, Belgium 1, India 3,
                                         Norway 1, Switzerland 2 (2002 est.)
                               Airports: 5 (2001)
          Airports - with paved runways: total: 2
                                         over 3,047 m: 1
                                         914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2001)
        Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 3
                                         914 to 1,523 m: 1
                                         under 914 m: 2 (2001)
  
   Military Mauritius
   ------------------
                     Military branches: National Police Force (includes the
                                        paramilitary Special Mobile Force or
                                        SMF and National Coast Guard)
      Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 340,050 (2002 est.)
   Military manpower - fit for military males age 15-49: 171,239 (2002 est.)
                               service:
         Military expenditures - dollar $9.1 million (FY01)
                                figure:
     Military expenditures - percent of 0.2% (FY01)
                                   GDP:
  
   Transnational Issues Mauritius
   ------------------------------
              Disputes - international: Mauritius claims the Chagos
                                        Archipelago (UK-administered British
                                        Indian Ocean Territory), and its
                                        former inhabitants, who reside
                                        chiefly in Mauritius, but were
                                        granted UK citizenship and the right
                                        to repatriation in 2001; claims
                                        French-administered Tromelin Island
                         Illicit drugs: minor consumer and transshipment
                                        point for heroin from South Asia;
                                        small amounts of cannabis produced
                                        and consumed locally
  
                                       



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