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World Gazetteer Results for Dunavci:
NameDunavci
Original NamesДунавци
Geographical TypeLocality
Population2880
Latitude
Longitude
CountryBulgaria
Administrative DivisionVidin
Dictionary Results for Bulgaria:
1. WordNet® 3.0 (2006)
Bulgaria
    n 1: a republic in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula in
         southeastern Europe [syn: Bulgaria, Republic of
         Bulgaria]

2. CIA World Factbook 2002
Bulgaria

   Introduction Bulgaria
   ---------------------
                            Background: The Bulgars, a Central Asian Turkic
                                        tribe, merged with the local Slavic
                                        inhabitants in the late 7th century
                                        to form the first Bulgarian state.
                                        In succeeding centuries, Bulgaria
                                        struggled with the Byzantine Empire
                                        to assert its place in the Balkans,
                                        but by the end of the 14th century
                                        the country was overrun by the
                                        Ottoman Turks. Bulgaria regained its
                                        independence in 1878, but having
                                        fought on the losing side in both
                                        World Wars, it fell within the
                                        Soviet sphere of influence and
                                        became a People's Republic in 1946.
                                        Communist domination ended in 1990,
                                        when Bulgaria held its first
                                        multiparty election since World War
                                        II and began the contentious process
                                        of moving toward political democracy
                                        and a market economy while combating
                                        inflation, unemployment, corruption,
                                        and crime. Today, reforms and
                                        democratization keep Bulgaria on a
                                        path toward eventual integration
                                        into NATO and the EU - with which it
                                        began accession negotiations in
                                        2000.
  
   Geography Bulgaria
   ------------------
                              Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the
                                        Black Sea, between Romania and
                                        Turkey
                Geographic coordinates: 43 00 N, 25 00 E
                        Map references: Europe
                                  Area: total: 110,910 sq km
                                        water: 360 sq km
                                        land: 110,550 sq km
                    Area - comparative: slightly larger than Tennessee
                       Land boundaries: total: 1,808 km
                                        border countries: Greece 494 km, The
                                        Former Yugoslav Republic of
                                        Macedonia 148 km, Romania 608 km,
                                        Yugoslavia 318 km, Turkey 240 km
                             Coastline: 354 km
                       Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 NM
                                        exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
                                        territorial sea: 12 NM
                               Climate: temperate; cold, damp winters; hot,
                                        dry summers
                               Terrain: mostly mountains with lowlands in
                                        north and southeast
                    Elevation extremes: lowest point: Black Sea 0 m
                                        highest point: Musala 2,925 m
                     Natural resources: bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal,
                                        timber, arable land
                              Land use: arable land: 39%
                                        permanent crops: 1.8%
                                        other: 59.19% (1998 est.)
                        Irrigated land: 8,000 sq km (1998 est.)
                       Natural hazards: earthquakes, landslides
          Environment - current issues: air pollution from industrial
                                        emissions; rivers polluted from raw
                                        sewage, heavy metals, detergents;
                                        deforestation; forest damage from
                                        air pollution and resulting acid
                                        rain; soil contamination from heavy
                                        metals from metallurgical plants and
                                        industrial wastes
            Environment - international party to: Air Pollution, Air
                            agreements: Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
                                        Pollution-Persistent Organic
                                        Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur
                                        85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic
                                        Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental
                                        Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living
                                        Resources, Antarctic Treaty,
                                        Biodiversity, Climate Change,
                                        Desertification, Endangered Species,
                                        Environmental Modification,
                                        Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea,
                                        Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer
                                        Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
  
                                        signed, but not ratified: Air
                                        Pollution-Sulphur 94, Climate
                                        Change-Kyoto Protocol
                      Geography - note: strategic location near Turkish
                                        Straits; controls key land routes
                                        from Europe to Middle East and Asia
  
   People Bulgaria
   ---------------
                            Population: 7,621,337 (July 2002 est.)
                         Age structure: 0-14 years: 14.6% (male 572,961;
                                        female 543,004)
                                        15-64 years: 68.5% (male 2,569,199;
                                        female 2,648,461)
                                        65 years and over: 16.9% (male
                                        540,109; female 747,603) (2002 est.)
                Population growth rate: -1.11% (2002 est.)
                            Birth rate: 8.05 births/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                            Death rate: 14.42 deaths/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                    Net migration rate: -4.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population
                                        (2002 est.)
                             Sex ratio: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
                                        under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
                                        15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
                                        65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/
                                        female
                                        total population: 0.94 male(s)/
                                        female (2002 est.)
                 Infant mortality rate: 14.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2002
                                        est.)
              Life expectancy at birth: total population: 71.5 years
                                        female: 75.22 years (2002 est.)
                                        male: 67.98 years
                  Total fertility rate: 1.13 children born/woman (2002 est.)
      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.01% (1999 est.)
     HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ 346 (2000)
                                  AIDS:
                     HIV/AIDS - deaths: less than 100 (1999 est.)
                           Nationality: noun: Bulgarian(s)
                                        adjective: Bulgarian
                         Ethnic groups: Bulgarian 83.6%, Turk 9.5%, Roma
                                        4.6%, other 2.3% (including
                                        Macedonian, Armenian, Tatar,
                                        Circassian) (1998)
                             Religions: Bulgarian Orthodox 83.8%, Muslim
                                        12.1%, Roman Catholic 1.7%, Jewish
                                        0.8%, Protestant, Gregorian-
                                        Armenian, and other 1.6% (1998)
                             Languages: Bulgarian, secondary languages
                                        closely correspond to ethnic
                                        breakdown
                              Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
                                        and write
                                        total population: 98%
                                        male: 99%
                                        female: 98% (1999)
  
   Government Bulgaria
   -------------------
                          Country name: conventional long form: Republic of
                                        Bulgaria
                                        conventional short form: Bulgaria
                       Government type: parliamentary democracy
                               Capital: Sofia
              Administrative divisions: 28 provinces (oblasti, singular -
                                        oblast); Blagoevgrad, Burgas,
                                        Dobrich, Gabrovo, Khaskovo,
                                        Kurdzhali, Kyustendil, Lovech,
                                        Montana, Pazardzhik, Pernik, Pleven,
                                        Plovdiv, Razgrad, Ruse, Shumen,
                                        Silistra, Sliven, Smolyan, Sofiya,
                                        Sofiya-Grad, Stara Zagora,
                                        Turgovishte, Varna, Veliko Turnovo,
                                        Vidin, Vratsa, Yambol
                          Independence: 3 March 1878 (from Ottoman Empire)
                      National holiday: Liberation Day, 3 March (1878)
                          Constitution: adopted 12 July 1991
                          Legal system: civil law and criminal law based on
                                        Roman law; accepts compulsory ICJ
                                        jurisdiction
                              Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
                      Executive branch: chief of state: President Georgi
                                        PARVANOV (since 22 January 2002);
                                        Vice President Angel MARIN (since 22
                                        January 2002)
                                        head of government: Chairman of the
                                        Council of Ministers (Prime
                                        Minister) Simeon SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA
                                        (since 24 July 2001); Deputy Prime
                                        Ministers Nikolay VASILEV (since 24
                                        July 2001), Kostadin PASKALEV (since
                                        24 July 2001), and Lidiya SHULEVA
                                        (since 24 July 2001)
                                        cabinet: Council of Ministers
                                        elected by the National Assembly
                                        elections: president and vice
                                        president elected on the same ticket
                                        by popular vote for five-year terms;
                                        election last held 11 November and
                                        18 November 2001 (next to be held NA
                                        2006); chairman of the Council of
                                        Ministers (prime minister) nominated
                                        by the president; deputy prime
                                        ministers nominated by the prime
                                        minister
                                        election results: Georgi PARVANOV
                                        elected president; percent of vote -
                                        Georgi PARVANOV 54.13%, Petar
                                        STOYANOV 45.87%
                    Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly or
                                        Narodno Sobranie (240 seats; members
                                        elected by popular vote to serve
                                        four-year terms)
                                        elections: last held 17 June 2001
                                        (next to be held NA June 2005)
                                        election results: percent of vote by
                                        party - NMS2 42.74%, UHdDF 18.18%,
                                        CFB 17.15%, MRF 7.45%; seats by
                                        party - NMS2 120, UHdDF 51, CFB 48,
                                        MRF 21; note - seating as of
                                        February 2002 - NMS2 115, UHdDF 51,
                                        CFB 48, MRF 21, independents 5
                       Judicial branch: Supreme Administrative Court;
                                        Supreme Court of Cassation;
                                        Constitutional Court (12 justices
                                        appointed or elected for nine-year
                                        terms); Supreme Judicial Council
                                        (consists of the chairmen of the two
                                        Supreme Courts, the Chief
                                        Prosecutor, and 22 other members;
                                        responsible for appointing the
                                        justices, prosecutors, and
                                        investigating magistrates in the
                                        justice system; members of the
                                        Supreme Judicial Council elected for
                                        five-year terms, 11 elected by the
                                        National Assembly and 11 by bodies
                                        of the judiciary)
         Political parties and leaders: Bulgarian Radical Union [Evgeniy
                                        BAKURDZHIEV]; Bulgarian Socialist
                                        Party or BSP [Sergei STANISHEV];
                                        Coalition for Bulgaria or CFB (bloc
                                        led by BSP, includes Ecoglasnost
                                        Political Club and Bulgarian
                                        Agrarian National Union) [leader
                                        NA]; Internal Macedonian
                                        Revolutionary Organization or VMRO
                                        [Krasimir KARAKACHNOV]; Movement for
                                        Rights and Freedoms or MRF [Ahmed
                                        DOGAN]; National Movement for Simeon
                                        II or NMS2 [Simeon SAXE-COBURG-
                                        GOTHA]; New Civic Party for Bulgaria
                                        [Bogomil BONEV]; People's Union or
                                        PU (includes Bulgarian Agrarian
                                        National Union and Democratic Party)
                                        [Anastasiya MOZER]; St. George's Day
                                        [Lyuben DILOV, Jr.]; Union of
                                        Democratic Forces or UHdDF
                                        [Ekaterina MIKHAYLOVA]; Union of
                                        Free Democrats or UFD [Stefan
                                        SOFIYANSKI]; United Democratic
                                        Forces (consisting of UHdDF and
                                        People's Union) [Ekaterina
                                        MIKHAYLOVA]
          Political pressure groups and agrarian movement; Bulgarian
                               leaders: Democratic Center; Confederation of
                                        Independent Trade Unions of Bulgaria
                                        or CITUB; Democratic Alliance for
                                        the Republic or DAR; New Union for
                                        Democracy or NUD; Podkrepa Labor
                                        Confederation; numerous regional,
                                        ethnic, and national interest groups
                                        with various agendas
             International organization ACCT, Australia Group, BIS, BSEC,
                         participation: CCC, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE,
                                        EU (applicant), FAO, G- 9, IAEA,
                                        IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS,
                                        IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO,
                                        Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM
                                        (guest), NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW,
                                        OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UN Security
                                        Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO,
                                        UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP,
                                        UPU, WCL, WEU (associate partner),
                                        WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC
   Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador-
                                        designate Elena POPTODOROVA
                                        consulate(s): New York
                                        FAX: [1] (202) 234-7973
                                        telephone: [1] (202) 387-7969
                                        chancery: 1621 22nd Street NW,
                                        Washington, DC 20008
     Diplomatic representation from the chief of mission: Ambassador Richard
                                    US: M. MILES
                                        embassy: 1 Suborna Street, Sofia
                                        mailing address: American Embassy
                                        Sofia, Department of State,
                                        Washington, DC 20521-5740
                                        telephone: [359] (2) 937-5100
                                        FAX: [359] (2) 981-89-77
                      Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of
                                        white (top), green, and red; the
                                        national emblem formerly on the
                                        hoist side of the white stripe has
                                        been removed - it contained a
                                        rampant lion within a wreath of
                                        wheat ears below a red five-pointed
                                        star and above a ribbon bearing the
                                        dates 681 (first Bulgarian state
                                        established) and 1944 (liberation
                                        from Nazi control)
  
   Economy Bulgaria
   ----------------
                    Economy - overview: Bulgaria, a former communist country
                                        striving to enter the European
                                        Union, has experienced macroeconomic
                                        stability and positive growth rates
                                        since a major economic downturn in
                                        1996 led to the fall of the then
                                        socialist government. The current
                                        government, elected in 2001, has
                                        pledged to maintain the fundamental
                                        economic policy objectives of its
                                        predecessor, i.e., retaining the
                                        Currency Board, practicing sound
                                        financial policies, accelerating
                                        privatization, and pursuing
                                        structural reforms. A $300 million
                                        stand-by agreement negotiated with
                                        the IMF at the end of 2001 will help
                                        the government maintain economic
                                        stability as it seeks to overcome
                                        high rates of poverty and
                                        unemployment.
                                   GDP: purchasing power parity - $48
                                        billion (2001 est.)
                GDP - real growth rate: 4% (2001 est.)
                      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $6,200
                                        (2001 est.)
           GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 14.5%
                                        industry: 27.8%
                                        services: 57.7% (2000)
         Population below poverty line: 35% (2000 est.)
     Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: 4.5%
                      percentage share: highest 10%: 22.8% (1997)
   Distribution of family income - Gini 34.1 (1997)
                                 index:
      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 7.5% (2001 est.)
                           Labor force: 3.83 million (2000 est.)
           Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 26%, industry 31%,
                                        services 43% (1998 est.)
                     Unemployment rate: 17.5% (2001 est.)
                                Budget: revenues: $5.57 billion
                                        expenditures: $5.68 billion,
                                        including capital expenditures of
                                        $NA (2001 est.)
                            Industries: electricity, gas and water; food,
                                        beverages and tobacco; machinery and
                                        equipment, base metals, chemical
                                        products, coke, refined petroleum,
                                        nuclear fuel
     Industrial production growth rate: 2% (2001 est.)
              Electricity - production: 38.84 billion kWh (2000)
    Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 47.9%
                                        hydro: 7.54%
                                        other: 0.1% (2000)
                                        nuclear: 44.46%
             Electricity - consumption: 34.42 billion kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - exports: 3.2 billion kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - imports: 1.5 billion kWh (2000)
                Agriculture - products: vegetables, fruits, tobacco,
                                        livestock, wine, wheat, barley,
                                        sunflowers, sugar beets
                               Exports: $4.6 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.)
                 Exports - commodities: clothing, footwear, iron and steel,
                                        machinery and equipment, fuels
                    Exports - partners: Italy 14%, Turkey 10%, Germany 9%,
                                        Greece 8%, Yugoslavia 8% (2000)
                               Imports: $6.2 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.)
                 Imports - commodities: fuels, minerals, and raw materials;
                                        machinery and equipment; metals and
                                        ores; chemicals and plastics; food,
                                        textiles
                    Imports - partners: Russia 24%, Germany 14%, Italy 8%,
                                        Greece 5%, France 5% (2000)
                       Debt - external: $10.2 billion (2001 est.)
              Economic aid - recipient: $1 billion (1999 est.)
                              Currency: lev (BGL)
                         Currency code: BGL
                        Exchange rates: leva per US dollar - 2.2147 (January
                                        2002), 2.1847 (2001), 2.1233 (2000),
                                        1.8364 (1999), 1,760.36 (1998),
                                        1,681.88 (1997)
                                        note: on 5 July 1999, the lev was
                                        redenominated; the post-5 July 1999
                                        lev is equal to 1,000 of the pre-
                                        5 July 1999 lev
                           Fiscal year: calendar year
  
   Communications Bulgaria
   -----------------------
        Telephones - main lines in use: 3,186,731 (2001)
          Telephones - mobile cellular: 1.054 million (2001)
                      Telephone system: general assessment: extensive but
                                        antiquated
                                        domestic: more than two-thirds of
                                        the lines are residential; telephone
                                        service is available in most
                                        villages; a fairly modern digital
                                        cable trunk line now connects
                                        switching centers in most of the
                                        regions, the others are connected by
                                        digital microwave radio relay
                                        international: direct dialing to 58
                                        countries; satellite earth stations
                                        - 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean
                                        region); 2 Intelsat (Atlantic and
                                        Indian Ocean regions)
              Radio broadcast stations: AM 31, FM 63, shortwave 2 (2001)
                                Radios: 4.51 million (1997)
         Television broadcast stations: 39 (plus 1,242 repeaters) (2001)
                           Televisions: 3.31 million (1997)
                 Internet country code: .bg
     Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 200 (2001)
                        Internet users: 585,000 (2001)
  
   Transportation Bulgaria
   -----------------------
                              Railways: total: 4,294 km
                                        standard gauge: 4,049 km 1.435-
                                        m gauge (2,710 km electrified)
                                        narrow gauge: 245 km 0.760-m gauge
                                        (2002)
                              Highways: total: 37,288 km
                                        paved: 33,786 km (including 324 km
                                        of expressways)
                                        unpaved: 3,502 km (2001)
                             Waterways: 470 km (1987)
                             Pipelines: petroleum products 525 km; natural
                                        gas 1,500 km (1999)
                     Ports and harbors: Burgas, Lom, Nesebur, Ruse, Varna,
                                        Vidin
                       Merchant marine: total: 77 ships (1,000 GRT or over)
                                        totaling 881,758 GRT/1,312,833 DWT
                                        ships by type: bulk 43, cargo 15,
                                        chemical tanker 4, container 2,
                                        passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker
                                        4, railcar carrier 2, refrigerated
                                        cargo 1, roll on/roll off 3, short-
                                        sea passenger 1, specialized tanker
                                        1 (2002 est.)
                              Airports: 215 (2001)
         Airports - with paved runways: total: 129
                                        over 3,047 m: 1
                                        2,438 to 3,047 m: 19
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 1
                                        under 914 m: 93 (2001)
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 15
       Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 86
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 10
                                        under 914 m: 74 (2001)
                             Heliports: 1 (2001)
  
   Military Bulgaria
   -----------------
                      Military branches: Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense
                                         Forces (subordinate to Ministry of
                                         Defense), Internal Forces
                                         (subordinate to Ministry of
                                         Interior), Civil Defense Forces
                                         (subordinate to the president)
       Military manpower - military age: 19 years of age (2002 est.)
       Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 1,873,052 (2002
                                         est.)
    Military manpower - fit for military males age 15-49: 1,566,816 (2002
                                service: est.)
   Military manpower - reaching military males: 56,104 (2002 est.)
                           age annually:
          Military expenditures - dollar $356 million (FY02)
                                 figure:
      Military expenditures - percent of 2.7% (FY02)
                                    GDP:
  
   Transnational Issues Bulgaria
   -----------------------------
              Disputes - international: because of a shift in the Danube
                                        course since the last correction of
                                        the boundary in 1920, a joint
                                        Bulgarian-Romanian team will
                                        recommend sovereignty changes to
                                        several islands and redefine the
                                        boundary
                         Illicit drugs: major European transshipment point
                                        for Southwest Asian heroin and, to a
                                        lesser degree, South American
                                        cocaine for the European market;
                                        limited producer of precursor
                                        chemicals
  
                                       



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