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World Gazetteer Results for Dornogovĭ:
NameDornogovĭ
Alternate NamesDornogobi
Geographical TypeAjmag
Population53282
CountryMongolia
3rd Administrative DivisionMoselle
Dictionary Results for Mongolia:
1. WordNet® 3.0 (2006)
Mongolia
    n 1: a landlocked socialist republic in central Asia [syn:
         Mongolia, Mongolian People's Republic, Outer
         Mongolia]
    2: a vast region in Asia including the Mongolian People's
       Republic and China's Inner Mongolia

2. CIA World Factbook 2002
Mongolia

   Introduction Mongolia
   ---------------------
                            Background: The Mongols entered history in the
                                        13th century when under GENGHIS KHAN
                                        they conquered a huge Eurasian
                                        empire. After his death the empire
                                        was divided into several powerful
                                        Mongol states, but these broke apart
                                        in the 14th century. The Mongols
                                        eventually retired to their original
                                        steppe homelands and came under
                                        Chinese rule. Mongolia won its
                                        independence in 1921 with Soviet
                                        backing. A Communist regime was
                                        installed in 1924. During the early
                                        1990s, the ex-Communist Mongolian
                                        People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP)
                                        gradually yielded its monopoly on
                                        power to the Democratic Union
                                        Coalition (DUC), which defeated the
                                        MPRP in a national election in 1996.
                                        Over the next four years the DUC put
                                        forward a number of key reforms to
                                        modernize the economy and
                                        democratize the political system.
                                        However, the former Communists were
                                        a strong opposition that stalled
                                        additional restructuring and made
                                        implementation difficult. In 2000,
                                        the MPRP won an overwhelming victory
                                        in the legislature - with 72 of the
                                        76 seats - and completely reshuffled
                                        the government. While it continues
                                        many of the reform policies, the
                                        MPRP is focusing on social welfare
                                        and public order priorities.
  
   Geography Mongolia
   ------------------
                              Location: Northern Asia, between China and
                                        Russia
                Geographic coordinates: 46 00 N, 105 00 E
                        Map references: Asia
                                  Area: total: 1.565 million sq km
                                        water: 9,600 sq km
                                        land: 1,555,400 sq km
                    Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Alaska
                       Land boundaries: total: 8,162 km
                                        border countries: China 4,677 km,
                                        Russia 3,485 km
                             Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
                       Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
                               Climate: desert; continental (large daily and
                                        seasonal temperature ranges)
                               Terrain: vast semidesert and desert plains,
                                        grassy steppe, mountains in west and
                                        southwest; Gobi Desert in south-
                                        central
                    Elevation extremes: lowest point: Hoh Nuur 518 m
                                        highest point: Nayramadlin Orgil
                                        (Huyten Orgil) 4,374 m
                     Natural resources: oil, coal, copper, molybdenum,
                                        tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel,
                                        zinc, wolfram, fluorspar, gold,
                                        silver, iron, phosphate
                              Land use: arable land: 0.84%
                                        permanent crops: 0%
                                        other: 99.16% (1998 est.)
                        Irrigated land: 840 sq km (1998 est.)
                       Natural hazards: dust storms, grassland and forest
                                        fires, drought, and "zud", which is
                                        harsh winter conditions
          Environment - current issues: limited natural fresh water
                                        resources in some areas; policies of
                                        the former Communist regime
                                        promoting rapid urbanization and
                                        industrial growth have raised
                                        concerns about their negative
                                        effects on the environment; the
                                        burning of soft coal in power plants
                                        and the lack of enforcement of
                                        environmental laws have severely
                                        polluted the air in Ulaanbaatar;
                                        deforestation, overgrazing, the
                                        converting of virgin land to
                                        agricultural production have
                                        increased soil erosion from wind and
                                        rain; desertification and mining
                                        activities have also had a
                                        deleterious effect on the
                                        environment
            Environment - international party to: Biodiversity, Climate
                            agreements: Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
                                        Protocol, Desertification,
                                        Endangered Species, Environmental
                                        Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law
                                        of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection,
                                        Wetlands
                                        signed, but not ratified: none of
                                        the selected agreements
                      Geography - note: landlocked; strategic location
                                        between China and Russia
  
   People Mongolia
   ---------------
                            Population: 2,694,432 (July 2002 est.)
                         Age structure: 0-14 years: 32% (male 438,176;
                                        female 422,960)
                                        15-64 years: 64.1% (male 864,033;
                                        female 865,172)
                                        65 years and over: 3.9% (male
                                        45,080; female 59,011) (2002 est.)
                Population growth rate: 1.48% (2002 est.)
                            Birth rate: 21.8 births/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                            Death rate: 7.01 deaths/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                    Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                             Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
                                        under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
                                        15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
                                        65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/
                                        female
                                        total population: 1 male(s)/female
                                        (2002 est.)
                 Infant mortality rate: 51.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2002
                                        est.)
              Life expectancy at birth: total population: 64.62 years
                                        female: 66.87 years (2002 est.)
                                        male: 62.47 years
                  Total fertility rate: 2.37 children born/woman (2002 est.)
      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: less than 0.01% (1999 est.)
     HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ less than 100 (1999 est.)
                                  AIDS:
                     HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA
                           Nationality: noun: Mongolian(s)
                                        adjective: Mongolian
                         Ethnic groups: Mongol (predominantly Khalkha) 85%,
                                        Turkic (of which Kazakh is the
                                        largest group) 7%, Tungusic 4.6%,
                                        other (including Chinese and
                                        Russian) 3.4% (1998)
                             Religions: Tibetan Buddhist Lamaism 96%, Muslim
                                        (primarily in the southwest),
                                        Shamanism, and Christian 4% (1998)
                             Languages: Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian
                                        (1999)
                              Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
                                        and write
                                        total population: 97.8%
                                        male: 98%
                                        female: 97.5% (2000)
  
   Government Mongolia
   -------------------
                          Country name: conventional long form: none
                                        conventional short form: Mongolia
                                        local short form: Mongol Uls
                                        former: Outer Mongolia
                                        local long form: none
                       Government type: parliamentary
                               Capital: Ulaanbaatar
              Administrative divisions: 21 provinces (aymguud, singular -
                                        aymag) and 1 municipality* (hot);
                                        Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy,
                                        Bulgan, Darhan Uul, Dornod,
                                        Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan, Govi-
                                        Altay, Govi-Sumber, Hentiy, Hovd,
                                        Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Orhon,
                                        Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov,
                                        Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs
                          Independence: 11 July 1921 (from China)
                      National holiday: Independence Day/Revolution Day, 11
                                        July (1921)
                          Constitution: 12 February 1992
                          Legal system: blend of Russian, Chinese, Turkish,
                                        and Western systems of law that
                                        combines aspects of a parliamentary
                                        system with some aspects of a
                                        presidential system; constitution
                                        ambiguous on judicial review of
                                        legislative acts; has not accepted
                                        compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
                              Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
                      Executive branch: chief of state: President Natsagiyn
                                        BAGABANDI (since 20 June 1997)
                                        head of government: Prime Minister
                                        Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR (since 26 July
                                        2000)
                                        cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the
                                        State Great Hural in consultation
                                        with the president
                                        elections: president nominated by
                                        parties in the State Great Hural and
                                        elected by popular vote for a four-
                                        year term; election last held 20 May
                                        2001 (next to be held NA May 2005);
                                        following legislative elections, the
                                        leader of the majority party or
                                        majority coalition is usually
                                        elected prime minister by the State
                                        Great Hural; election last held 2
                                        July 2000 (next to be held NA 2004)
                                        election results: Natsagiyn
                                        BAGABANDI reelected president;
                                        percent of vote - Natsagiyn
                                        BAGABANDI (MPRP) 58.13%,
                                        Radnaasumbereliyn GONCHIGDORJ (DP)
                                        36.58%, Luvsandamba DASHNYAM (CWP)
                                        3.54%, other 1.75%; Nambaryn
                                        ENKHBAYAR elected prime minister by
                                        a vote in the State Great Hural of
                                        68 to 3
                    Legislative branch: unicameral State Great Hural (76
                                        seats; members elected by popular
                                        vote to serve four-year terms)
                                        elections: last held 2 July 2000
                                        (next to be held NA July 2004)
                                        election results: percent of vote by
                                        party - NA%; seats by party - MPRP
                                        72, other 4
                       Judicial branch: Supreme Court (serves as appeals
                                        court for people's and provincial
                                        courts, but rarely overturns
                                        verdicts of lower courts; judges are
                                        nominated by the General Council of
                                        Courts for approval by the
                                        president)
         Political parties and leaders: Citizens' Will Party or CWP (also
                                        called Civil Will Party or Civil
                                        Courage Party) [Sanjaasurengyn
                                        OYUN]; Democratic Party or DP [D.
                                        DORLIGJAN]; Mongolian People's
                                        Revolutionary Party or MPRP
                                        [Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR]; Mongolian New
                                        Socialist Democratic Party or MNSDP
                                        [B. ERDENEBAT]; Mongolian Republican
                                        Party or MRP [B. JARGALSAIHAN]
                                        note: the MPRP is the ruling party
          Political pressure groups and NA
                               leaders:
             International organization ARF (dialogue partner), AsDB, ASEAN
                         participation: (observer), CCC, CP (provisional),
                                        EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD,
                                        ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC,
                                        IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC,
                                        ISO, ITU, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD,
                                        UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
                                        WToO, WTrO
   Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador
                                        Jalbuugiyn CHOINHOR
                                        chancery: 2833 M Street NW,
                                        Washington, DC 20007
                                        consulate(s) general: New York
                                        FAX: [1] (202) 298-9227
                                        telephone: [1] (202) 333-7117
     Diplomatic representation from the chief of mission: Ambassador John
                                    US: DINGER
                                        embassy: inner northeast part of the
                                        Big Ring Road, just west of the
                                        Selbe Gol, Ulaanbaatar
                                        mailing address: United States
                                        Embassy in Mongolia, P. O. Box 1021,
                                        Ulaanbaatar 13; PSC 461, Box 300,
                                        FPO AP 96521-0002
                                        telephone: [976] (11) 329095
                                        FAX: [976] (11) 320776
                      Flag description: three equal, vertical bands of red
                                        (hoist side), blue, and red;
                                        centered on the hoist-side red band
                                        in yellow is the national emblem
                                        ("soyombo" - a columnar arrangement
                                        of abstract and geometric
                                        representation for fire, sun, moon,
                                        earth, water, and the yin-yang
                                        symbol)
  
   Economy Mongolia
   ----------------
                    Economy - overview: Economic activity traditionally has
                                        been based on agriculture and
                                        breeding of livestock. Mongolia also
                                        has extensive mineral deposits:
                                        copper, coal, molybdenum, tin,
                                        tungsten, and gold account for a
                                        large part of industrial production.
                                        Soviet assistance, at its height
                                        one-third of GDP, disappeared almost
                                        overnight in 1990-91, at the time of
                                        the dismantlement of the USSR.
                                        Mongolia was driven into deep
                                        recession, prolonged by the
                                        Mongolian People's Revolutionary
                                        Party's (MPRP) reluctance to
                                        undertake serious economic reform.
                                        The Democratic Coalition (DC)
                                        government has embraced free-market
                                        economics, easing price controls,
                                        liberalizing domestic and
                                        international trade, and attempting
                                        to restructure the banking system
                                        and the energy sector. Major
                                        domestic privatization programs were
                                        undertaken, as well as the fostering
                                        of foreign investment through
                                        international tender of the oil
                                        distribution company, a leading
                                        cashmere company, and banks. Reform
                                        was held back by the ex-Communist
                                        MPRP opposition and by the political
                                        instability brought about through
                                        four successive governments under
                                        the DC. Economic growth picked up in
                                        1997-99 after stalling in 1996 due
                                        to a series of natural disasters and
                                        declines in world prices of copper
                                        and cashmere. In August and
                                        September 1999, the economy suffered
                                        from a temporary Russian ban on
                                        exports of oil and oil products, and
                                        Mongolia remains vulnerable in this
                                        sector. Mongolia joined the World
                                        Trade Organization (WTrO) in 1997.
                                        The international donor community
                                        pledged over $300 million per year
                                        at the last Consultative Group
                                        Meeting, held in Ulaanbaatar in June
                                        1999. The MPRP government, elected
                                        in July 2000, is anxious to improve
                                        the investment climate; it must also
                                        deal with a heavy burden of external
                                        debt. Falling prices for Mongolia's
                                        mainly primary sector exports,
                                        widespread opposition to
                                        privatization, and adverse effects
                                        of weather on agriculture in early
                                        2000 and 2001 restrained real GDP
                                        growth in 2000-01.
                                   GDP: purchasing power parity - $4.7
                                        billion (2001 est.)
                GDP - real growth rate: 2.4% (2001 est.)
                      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $1,770
                                        (2001 est.)
           GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 32%
                                        industry: 30%
                                        services: 38% (2000 est.)
         Population below poverty line: 36% (2001 est.)
     Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: 2.9%
                      percentage share: highest 10%: 24.5% (1995)
   Distribution of family income - Gini 33.2 (1995)
                                 index:
      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 11.8% (2000 est.)
                           Labor force: 1.4 million (2000)
           Labor force - by occupation: primarily herding/agricultural
                     Unemployment rate: 20% (2000)
                                Budget: revenues: $262 million
                                        expenditures: $328 million,
                                        including capital expenditures of
                                        $NA (2000 est.)
                            Industries: construction materials, mining
                                        (coal, copper, molybdenum,
                                        fluorspar, and gold); oil; food and
                                        beverages, processing of animal
                                        products
     Industrial production growth rate: 2.4% (2000 est.)
              Electricity - production: 2.77 billion kWh (2000)
    Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 100%
                                        hydro: 0%
                                        other: 0% (2000)
                                        nuclear: 0%
             Electricity - consumption: 2.732 billion kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - exports: 25 million kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - imports: 181 million kWh (2000)
                Agriculture - products: wheat, barley, potatoes, forage
                                        crops; sheep, goats, cattle, camels,
                                        horses
                               Exports: $466.1 million (f.o.b., 2000)
                 Exports - commodities: copper, livestock, animal products,
                                        cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar,
                                        other nonferrous metals
                    Exports - partners: China 59%, US 20%, Russia 10%, Japan
                                        2% (2000)
                               Imports: $614.5 million (c.i.f., 2000)
                 Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment, fuels, food
                                        products, industrial consumer goods,
                                        chemicals, building materials,
                                        sugar, tea
                    Imports - partners: Russia 34%, China 21%, Japan 12%,
                                        South Korea 9%, US 4% (2000)
                       Debt - external: $760 million (2000 est.)
              Economic aid - recipient: $208.7 million (1999 est.)
                              Currency: togrog/tugrik (MNT)
                         Currency code: MNT
                        Exchange rates: togrogs/tugriks per US dollar -
                                        1,101.29 (December 2001), 1,097.70
                                        (2001), 1,076.67 (2000), 1,072.37
                                        (1999), 840.83 (1998), 789.99 (1997)
                           Fiscal year: calendar year
  
   Communications Mongolia
   -----------------------
        Telephones - main lines in use: 104,100 (1999)
          Telephones - mobile cellular: 110,000 (2001)
                      Telephone system: general assessment: very low
                                        density: about 3.5 telephones for
                                        each thousand persons
                                        domestic: NA
                                        international: satellite earth
                                        station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian
                                        Ocean Region)
              Radio broadcast stations: AM 7, FM 9, shortwave 4 (2001)
                                Radios: 155,900 (1999)
         Television broadcast stations: 4 (plus 18 provincial repeaters and
                                        many low powered repeaters) (1999)
                           Televisions: 168,800 (1999)
                 Internet country code: .mn
     Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 5 (2001)
                        Internet users: 30,000 (2001)
  
   Transportation Mongolia
   -----------------------
                              Railways: 1,815 km
                                        broad gauge: 1,815 km 1.524-m gauge
                                        (2001)
                              Highways: total: 3,387 km
                                        paved: 1,563 km
                                        note: there are also 45,862 km of
                                        rural roads that consist of rough,
                                        unimproved, cross-country tracks
                                        (2000)
                                        unpaved: 1,824 km
                             Waterways: 400 km (1999)
                     Ports and harbors: none
                              Airports: 34 (2001)
         Airports - with paved runways: total: 8
                                        2,438 to 3,047 m: 7
                                        under 914 m: 1 (2001)
       Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 26
                                        over 3,047 m: 3
                                        2,438 to 3,047 m: 5
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 10
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 3
                                        under 914 m: 5 (2001)
  
   Military Mongolia
   -----------------
                     Military branches: Mongolian Armed Forces (includes
                                        General Purpose Forces, Air and Air
                                        Defense Forces, Civil Defense
                                        Troops); note - Border Troops are
                                        under Ministry of Justice and Home
                                        Affairs in peacetime
      Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age (2002 est.)
      Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 772,619 (2002 est.)
   Military manpower - fit for military males age 15-49: 501,493 (2002 est.)
                               service:
           Military manpower - reaching males: 30,230 (2002 est.)
                 military age annually:
         Military expenditures - dollar $24.3 million (FY01)
                                figure:
     Military expenditures - percent of 2.5% (FY01)
                                   GDP:
  
   Transnational Issues Mongolia
   -----------------------------
                                              Disputes - international: none
  
                                       



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