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World Gazetteer Results for Dokri:
NameDokri
Geographical TypeLocality
Population14800
Latitude
Longitude
CountryPakistan
Administrative DivisionSind
3rd Administrative DivisionLitoměřice
Dictionary Results for Pakistan:
1. WordNet® 3.0 (2006)
Pakistan
    n 1: a Muslim republic that occupies the heartland of ancient
         south Asian civilization in the Indus River valley;
         formerly part of India; achieved independence from the
         United Kingdom in 1947 [syn: Pakistan, Islamic Republic
         of Pakistan, West Pakistan]

2. The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
Pakistan \Pakistan\ prop. n.
   A country in South Asia formerly part of British India.

   Syn: West Pakistan.
        [WordNet 1.5]

   Note: Data on Pakistan from the CIA WOrld Factbook, 1996
         Geography: Location: Southern Asia, bordering the
         Arabian Sea, between India and Iran Geographic
         coordinates: 30 00 N, 70 00 E Map references: Asia
         Area: total area: 803,940 sq km land area: 778,720 sq
         km comparative area: slightly less than twice the size
         of California Land boundaries: total: 6,774 km border
         countries: Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India
         2,912 km, Iran 909 km Coastline: 1,046 km Maritime
         claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200
         nm or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive
         economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm
         International disputes: status of Kashmir with India;
         border dispute with Afghanistan (Durand Line);
         water-sharing problems over the Indus (Wular Barrage)
         with upstream riparian India Climate: mostly hot, dry
         desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north
         Terrain: flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north
         and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west lowest
         point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: K2 (Mt.
         Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m Natural resources: land,
         extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor
         quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone Land
         use: arable land: 23% permanent crops: 0% meadows and
         pastures: 6% forest and woodland: 4% other: 67% (1993)
         Irrigated land: 170,000 sq km (1992) Environment:
         current issues: water pollution from raw sewage,
         industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited
         natural fresh water resources; a majority of the
         population does not have access to potable water;
         deforestation; soil erosion; desertification natural
         hazards: frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe
         especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus
         after heavy rains (July and August) international
         agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change,
         Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,
         Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer
         Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not
         ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life
         Conservation Geographic note: controls Khyber Pass and
         Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central
         Asia and the Indian Subcontinent People: Population:
         129,275,660 (July 1996 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years:
         42% (male 28,286,823; female 26,640,019) 15-64 years:
         53% (male 35,396,281; female 33,733,798) 65 years and
         over: 5% (male 2,621,721; female 2,597,018) (July 1996
         est.) Population growth rate: 2.24% (1996 est.) Birth
         rate: 36.16 births/1,000 population (1996 est.) Death
         rate: 11.22 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.) Net
         migration rate: -2.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996
         est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15
         years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05
         male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female
         all ages: 1.05 male(s)/female (1996 est.) Infant
         mortality rate: 96.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1996
         est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 58.46
         years male: 57.7 years female: 59.25 years (1996 est.)
         Total fertility rate: 5.25 children born/woman (1996
         est.) Nationality: noun: Pakistani(s) adjective:
         Pakistani Ethnic divisions: Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun
         (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from India and
         their descendants) Religions: Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%,
         Shi'a 20%), Christian, Hindu, and other 3% Languages:
         Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant)
         10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko
         2%, Brahui 1%, English (official and lingua franca of
         Pakistani elite and most government ministries),
         Burushaski, and other 8% Literacy: age 15 and over can
         read and write (1995 est.) total population: 37.8%
         male: 50% female: 24.4% Government: Name of country:
         conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Pakistan
         conventional short form: Pakistan former: West Pakistan
         Data code: PK Type of government: republic Capital:
         Islamabad Administrative divisions: 4 provinces, 1
         territory*, and 1 capital territory**; Balochistan,
         Federally Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital
         Territory**, North-West Frontier, Punjab, Sindh note:
         the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed
         Jammu and Kashmir region includes Azad Kashmir and the
         Northern Areas Independence: 14 August 1947 (from UK)
         National holiday: Pakistan Day, 23 March (1956)
         (proclamation of the republic) Constitution: 10 April
         1973, suspended 5 July 1977, restored with amendments
         30 December 1985 Legal system: based on English common
         law with provisions to accommodate Pakistan's stature
         as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory ICJ
         jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 21 years of
         age; universal; separate electorates and reserved
         parliamentary seats for non-Muslims Executive branch:
         chief of state: President Sardar Farooq LEGHARI (since
         13 November 1993) was elected for a five-year term by
         Parliament; election last held 13 November 1993 (next
         to be held no later than 14 October 1998); results -
         LEGHARI was elected by Parliament and the four
         provincial assemblies head of government: Prime
         Minister Benazir BHUTTO (since 19 October 1993) was
         elected by the National Assembly cabinet: Cabinet was
         elected by the National Assembly Legislative branch:
         bicameral Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora) Senate:
         elections last held NA March 1994 (next to be held NA
         March 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA;
         seats - (87 total) PPP 22, PML/N 17; Tribal Area
         Representatives (nonparty) 8, ANP 6, PML/J 5, JWP 5,
         MQM/A 5, JUI/F 2, PKMAP 2, JI 2, NPP 2, BNM/H 1, BNM/M
         1, JUP/NI 1, JUP/NO 1, JAH 1, JUI/S 1, PML/F 1, PNP 1,
         independents 2, vacant 1 National Assembly: elections
         last held 6 October 1993 (next to be held by October
         1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats -
         (217 total) PPP 92, PML/N 75, PML/J 6, IJM-Islamic
         Democratic Front 4, ANP 3, PKMAP 4, PIF 3, JWP 2, MDM
         2, BNM/H 1, BNM/M 1, NDA 1, NPP 1, PKQP 1, religious
         minorities 10 reserved seats, independents 9, results
         pending 2 Judicial branch: Supreme Court, judicial
         chiefs are appointed by the president; Federal Islamic
         (Shari'at) Court Political parties and leaders:
         government: Pakistan People's Party (PPP), Benazir
         BHUTTO; Pakistan Muslim League, Junejo faction (PML/J),
         Hamid Nasir CHATTHA; National People's Party (NPP),
         Ghulam Mustapha JATOI; Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party
         (PKMAP), Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI; Balochistan National
         Movement, Hayee Group (BNM/H), Dr. HAYEE Baluch;
         National Democratic Alliance (NDA); Pakhtun Quami Party
         (PKQP), Mohammed AFZAL Khan opposition: Pakistan Muslim
         League, Nawaz Sharif faction (PML/N), Nawaz SHARIF;
         Awami National Party (ANP), Ajmal Khan KHATTAK;
         Pakistan Islamic Front (PIF); Balochistan National
         Movement, Mengal Group (BNM/M), Sardar Akhtar MENGAL;
         Mohajir Quami Movement, Altaf faction (MQM/A), Altaf
         HUSSAIN; Jamiat-al-Hadith (JAH); Jamhoori Watan Party
         (JWP), Akbar Khan BUGTI frequently shifting: Mutaheda
         Deeni Mahaz (MDM), Maulana Sami-ul-HAQ, the MDM
         includes Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Niazi faction
         (JUP/NI) and Anjuman Sepah-i-Sahaba Pakistan (ASSP);
         Islami-Jamhoori-Mahaz (IJM-Islamic Democratic Front)
         includes Jamiat Ulema-i-Islami, Fazlur Rehman group
         (JUI/F); Pakistan Muslim League, Functional Group
         (PML/F), Pir PAGARO; Pakistan National Party (PNP);
         Milli Yakjheti Council (MYC) is an umbrella
         organization which includes Jamaat-i-Islami (JI), Qazi
         Hussain AHMED, Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Sami-ul-Haq
         faction (JUI/S), Tehrik-I-Jafria Pakistan (TJP), Allama
         Sajid NAQVI, and Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Noorani
         faction (JUP/NO) note: political alliances in Pakistan
         can shift frequently Other political or pressure
         groups: military remains important political force;
         ulema (clergy), landowners, industrialists, and small
         merchants also influential International organization
         participation: AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-19,
         G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA,
         IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat,
         Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM,
         OAS (observer), OIC, PCA, SAARC, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM
         III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM,
         UNITAR, UNMIH, UNOMIG, UNOMIL, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UPU,
         WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO Diplomatic
         representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador
         Maleeha LODHI chancery: 2315 Massachusetts Avenue NW,
         Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 939-6200 FAX:
         [1] (202) 387-0484 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles
         and New York US diplomatic representation: chief of
         mission: Ambassador Thomas SIMONS, Jr. embassy:
         Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna 5, Islamabad mailing address:
         P. O. Box 1048, Unit 6220, APO AE 09812-2200 telephone:
         [92] (51) 826161 through 826179 FAX: [92] (51) 214222
         consulate(s) general: Karachi, Lahore consulate(s):
         Peshawar Flag: green with a vertical white band
         (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the
         hoist side; a large white crescent and star are
         centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and
         color green are traditional symbols of Islam Economy
         Economic overview: Pakistan is a poor, highly populated
         Third World country struggling to make the difficult
         transition to the modern world of high technology and
         internationalized markets. Prime Minister Benazir
         BHUTTO has been under pressure from the IMF and other
         donors to continue the economic reforms and austerity
         measures begun by her predecessor, caretaker Prime
         Minister Moeen QURESHI (July-October 1993). The IMF
         suspended a $1.5 billion Enhanced Structural Adjustment
         Facility (ESAF) in mid-1995 because Pakistan slowed the
         pace of economic reform. Islamabad's most recent budget
         -- announced in June 1995 -- reversed some reforms
         agreed to by the IMF earlier that year, including a
         slowing of tariff reform. In mid-December 1995,
         however, the IMF approved a $600 million standby
         arrangement and urged Pakistan to move forward with
         economic liberalization. Islamabad has agreed to new
         economic targets with the IMF, which could lay the
         basis for a return to an ESAF in 1996. Little progress
         was made in the privatization of large state-owned
         units in 1995. The sale of the power plant Kot Addu -
         scheduled for April 1995 - was stalled by opposition
         from labor unions. The sale of a 26% share of United
         Bank Limited and the Pakistan Telecommunications
         Corporation to strategic investors was due to take
         place in 1995 but has been pushed back to 1996. On the
         plus side real GDP grew 4.7% in 1995, up from 3.9% in
         1994: GDP should grow even faster in 1996 as a result
         of an above average cotton crop. Secondly, Islamabad
         reduced the budget deficit to 5.6% of GDP at the end of
         FY94/95, down from 8% two years earlier. Thirdly,
         Pakistan attracted $1.6 billion in foreign direct and
         portfolio investment in FY94/95, more than double
         inflows of $650 million in the previous fiscal year;
         financial agreements were reached on five power
         projects in 1995, including the 1,300-MW $1.8 billion
         Hab River project. Despite these improvements, the
         economy remains vulnerable to crisis. Foreign exchange
         reserves fell dramatically in 1995, reaching a low of
         about $1 billion in early December 1995 -- only five
         weeks of import cover -- before rising to $1.5 billion
         by yearend. The trade deficit rose to $2 billion for
         the first six months of FY94/95, triple the deficit of
         $600 million during the same period in FY93/94. The
         government responded to this situation with a package
         of stabilization reforms on 28 October 1995 which
         included a 7% devaluation of the rupee, supplementary
         duties of 10% on many imports, and higher petroleum
         prices. Islamabad hopes these moves will help make its
         exports more competitive. For the long run, Pakistan
         must deal with serious problems of deteriorating
         infrastructure, low literacy levels, and persistent law
         and order problems in Karachi. GDP: purchasing power
         parity - $274.2 billion (1995 est.) GDP real growth
         rate: 4.7% (1995 est.) GDP per capita: $2,100 (1995
         est.) GDP composition by sector: agriculture: 24%
         industry: 27% services: 49% (1995 est.) Inflation rate
         (consumer prices): 13% (1995 est.) Labor force: 36
         million by occupation: agriculture 46%, mining and
         manufacturing 18%, services 17%, other 19% note:
         extensive export of labor Unemployment rate: NA%
         Budget: revenues: $11.9 billion expenditures: $12.4
         billion, including capital expenditures of $NA
         (FY94/95) Industries: textiles, food processing,
         beverages, construction materials, clothing, paper
         products, shrimp Industrial production growth rate: 5%
         (1995 est.) Electricity: capacity: 12,530,000 kW (1995)
         production: 43.3 billion kWh (1995) consumption per
         capita: 389 kWh (1993) Agriculture: cotton, wheat,
         rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef,
         mutton, eggs Illicit drugs: major illicit producer of
         opium and hashish for the international drug trade;
         remains world's fourth largest opium producer (155
         metric tons in 1995); major center for processing
         Afghan heroin and key transit area for Southwest Asian
         heroin moving to Western market Exports: $8.7 billion
         (1995 est.) commodities: cotton, textiles, clothing,
         rice, leather, carpets partners: US, Japan, Hong Kong,
         Germany, UK, UAE, France Imports: $10.7 billion (1995
         est.) commodities: petroleum, petroleum products,
         machinery, transportation equipment, vegetable oils,
         animal fats, chemicals partners: Japan, US, Germany,
         UK, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, South Korea External debt:
         $26 billion (1995 est.) Economic aid: recipient: ODA,
         $697 million (1993) note: $2.5 billion (includes
         bilateral and multilateral aid but no US commitments)
         (FY93/94); $3 billion (includes bilateral and
         multilateral aid but no US commitments) (FY94/95)
         Currency: 1 Pakistani rupee (PRe) = 100 paisa Exchange
         rates: Pakistani rupees (PRs) per US$1 - 34.339
         (January 1996), 31.643 (1995), 30.567 (1994), 28.107
         (1993), 25.083 (1992), 23.801 (1991) Fiscal year: 1
         July - 30 June Transportation: Railways: total: 8,163
         km broad gauge: 7,718 km 1.676-m gauge (293 km
         electrified; 1,037 km double track) narrow gauge: 445
         km 1.000-m gauge; 661 km less than 1.000-m gauge (1995
         est.) Highways: total: 205,304 km paved: 104,735 km
         unpaved: 100,569 km (1995 est.) Pipelines: crude oil
         250 km; petroleum products 885 km; natural gas 4,044 km
         (1987) Ports: Karachi, Port Muhammad bin Qasim Merchant
         marine: total: 24 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling
         345,606 GRT/560,641 DWT ships by type: bulk 3, cargo
         19, oil tanker 1, passenger-cargo 1 (1995 est.)
         Airports: total: 100 with paved runways over 3,047 m:
         12 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 19 with paved
         runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 25 with paved runways 914 to
         1,523 m: 11 with paved runways under 914 m: 18 with
         unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 with unpaved
         runways 914 to 1,523 m: 8 (1995 est.) Heliports: 6
         (1995 est.) Communications: Telephones: 1.572 million
         (1993 est.) Telephone system: the domestic system is
         mediocre, but adequate for government and business use,
         in part because major businesses have established their
         own private systems; since 1988, the government has
         promoted investment in the national telecommunications
         system on a priority basis; despite major improvements
         in trunk and urban systems, telecommunication services
         are still not readily available to the major portion of
         the population domestic: microwave radio relay
         international: satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1
         Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); microwave radio
         relay to neighboring countries Radio broadcast
         stations: AM 26, FM 8, shortwave 11 Radios: 11.3
         million (1992 est.) Television broadcast stations: 29
         Televisions: 2.08 million (1993 est.) Defense:
         Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Civil Armed Forces,
         National Guard Manpower availability: males age 15-49:
         30,519,339 males fit for military service: 18,720,175
         males reach military age (17) annually: 1,437,208 (1996
         est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion -
         $3.1 billion, 5.3% of GDP (FY95/96)

3. CIA World Factbook 2002
Pakistan

   Introduction Pakistan
   ---------------------
                            Background: The separation in 1947 of British
                                        India into the Muslim state of
                                        Pakistan (with two sections West and
                                        East) and largely Hindu India was
                                        never satisfactorily resolved. A
                                        third war between these countries in
                                        1971 resulted in East Pakistan
                                        seceding and becoming the separate
                                        nation of Bangladesh. A dispute over
                                        the state of Kashmir is ongoing. In
                                        response to Indian nuclear weapons
                                        testing, Pakistan conducted its own
                                        tests in 1998.
  
   Geography Pakistan
   ------------------
                              Location: Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian
                                        Sea, between India on the east and
                                        Iran and Afghanistan on the west and
                                        China in the north
                Geographic coordinates: 30 00 N, 70 00 E
                        Map references: Asia
                                  Area: total: 803,940 sq km
                                        land: 778,720 sq km
                                        water: 25,220 sq km
                    Area - comparative: slightly less than twice the size of
                                        California
                       Land boundaries: total: 6,774 km
                                        border countries: Afghanistan 2,430
                                        km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km,
                                        Iran 909 km
                             Coastline: 1,046 km
                       Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 NM
                                        territorial sea: 12 NM
                                        continental shelf: 200 NM or to the
                                        edge of the continental margin
                                        exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
                               Climate: mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in
                                        northwest; arctic in north
                               Terrain: flat Indus plain in east; mountains
                                        in north and northwest; Balochistan
                                        plateau in west
                    Elevation extremes: lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
                                        highest point: K2 (Mt. Godwin-
                                        Austen) 8,611 m
                     Natural resources: land, extensive natural gas
                                        reserves, limited petroleum, poor
                                        quality coal, iron ore, copper,
                                        salt, limestone
                              Land use: arable land: 27.81%
                                        permanent crops: 0.79%
                                        other: 71.4% (1998 est.)
                        Irrigated land: 180,000 sq km (1998 est.)
                       Natural hazards: frequent earthquakes, occasionally
                                        severe especially in north and west;
                                        flooding along the Indus after heavy
                                        rains (July and August)
          Environment - current issues: water pollution from raw sewage,
                                        industrial wastes, and agricultural
                                        runoff; limited natural fresh water
                                        resources; a majority of the
                                        population does not have access to
                                        potable water; deforestation; soil
                                        erosion; desertification
            Environment - international party to: Biodiversity, Climate
                            agreements: Change, Desertification, Endangered
                                        Species, Environmental Modification,
                                        Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea,
                                        Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
                                        Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
  
                                        signed, but not ratified: Marine
                                        Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban
                      Geography - note: controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass,
                                        traditional invasion routes between
                                        Central Asia and the Indian
                                        Subcontinent
  
   People Pakistan
   ---------------
                            Population: 147,663,429 (July 2002 est.)
                         Age structure: 0-14 years: 39.9% (male 30,321,217;
                                        female 28,581,334)
                                        15-64 years: 56% (male 42,254,996;
                                        female 40,392,092)
                                        65 years and over: 4.1% (male
                                        2,984,391; female 3,129,399) (2002
                                        est.)
                Population growth rate: 2.06% (2002 est.)
                            Birth rate: 30.4 births/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                            Death rate: 9.02 deaths/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                    Net migration rate: -0.79 migrant(s)/1,000 population
                                        (2002 est.)
                             Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
                                        under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
                                        15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
                                        65 years and over: 0.95 male(s)/
                                        female
                                        total population: 1.05 male(s)/
                                        female (2002 est.)
                 Infant mortality rate: 78.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2002
                                        est.)
              Life expectancy at birth: total population: 61.82 years
                                        female: 62.73 years (2002 est.)
                                        male: 60.96 years
                  Total fertility rate: 4.25 children born/woman (2002 est.)
      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.1% (1999 est.)
     HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ 74,000 (1999 est.)
                                  AIDS:
                     HIV/AIDS - deaths: 6,500 (1999 est.)
                           Nationality: noun: Pakistani(s)
                                        adjective: Pakistani
                         Ethnic groups: Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan),
                                        Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from
                                        India at the time of partition and
                                        their descendants)
                             Religions: Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%),
                                        Christian, Hindu, and other 3%
                             Languages: Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a
                                        Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%,
                                        Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%,
                                        Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English
                                        (official and lingua franca of
                                        Pakistani elite and most government
                                        ministries), Burushaski, and other
                                        8%
                              Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
                                        and write
                                        total population: 42.7%
                                        male: 55.3%
                                        female: 29% (1998)
  
   Government Pakistan
   -------------------
                          Country name: conventional long form: Islamic
                                        Republic of Pakistan
                                        conventional short form: Pakistan
                                        former: West Pakistan
                       Government type: federal republic
                               Capital: Islamabad
              Administrative divisions: 4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1
                                        capital territory**; Balochistan,
                                        Federally Administered Tribal
                                        Areas*, Islamabad Capital
                                        Territory**, North-West Frontier
                                        Province, Punjab, Sindh
                                        note: the Pakistani-administered
                                        portion of the disputed Jammu and
                                        Kashmir region includes Azad Kashmir
                                        and the Northern Areas
                          Independence: 14 August 1947 (from UK)
                      National holiday: Republic Day, 23 March (1956)
                          Constitution: 10 April 1973, suspended 5 July
                                        1977, restored with amendments 30
                                        December 1985; suspended 15 October
                                        1999
                          Legal system: based on English common law with
                                        provisions to accommodate Pakistan's
                                        status as an Islamic state; accepts
                                        compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
                                        reservations
                              Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal; separate
                                        electorates and reserved
                                        parliamentary seats for non-Muslims
                      Executive branch: note: following a military takeover
                                        on 12 October 1999, Chief of Army
                                        Staff and Chairman of the Joint
                                        Chiefs of Staff Committee, General
                                        Pervez MUSHARRAF, suspended
                                        Pakistan's constitution and assumed
                                        the additional title of Chief
                                        Executive; exercising the powers of
                                        the head of the government, he
                                        appointed an eight-member National
                                        Security Council to function as
                                        Pakistan's supreme governing body;
                                        on 12 May 2000, Pakistan's Supreme
                                        Court unanimously validated the
                                        October 1999 coup and granted
                                        MUSHARRAF executive and legislative
                                        authority for three years from the
                                        coup date; on 20 June 2001,
                                        MUSHARRAF named himself and was
                                        sworn in as president, replacing
                                        Mohammad Rafiq TARAR; in a
                                        referendum held on 30 April 2002,
                                        MUSHARRAF won an overwhelming
                                        majority of votes, extending his
                                        rule for five more years
                                        chief of state: President Pervez
                                        MUSHARRAF (since 20 June 2001)
                                        cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the
                                        chief executive
                                        head of government: Chief Executive
                                        Pervez MUSHARRAF (since 12 May 2000)
  
                                        elections: prior to the military
                                        takeover, Pakistan had an elected
                                        president and prime minister; the
                                        president was elected by Parliament
                                        for a five-year term; election last
                                        held 31 December 1997 (next election
                                        to be held NA); following
                                        legislative elections, the leader of
                                        the majority party or majority
                                        coalition was usually elected prime
                                        minister by the National Assembly;
                                        election last held 3 February 1997
                                        (next to be held NA)
                                        election results: results are for
                                        the last elections for prime
                                        minister and president prior to the
                                        military takeover - Mohammad Nawaz
                                        SHARIF elected prime minister;
                                        percent of National Assembly vote -
                                        NA%; Rafiq TARAR elected president;
                                        percent of Parliament vote - NA%
                    Legislative branch: note - Gen. Pervez MUSHARRAF
                                        dissolved Parliament following the
                                        military takeover of 12 October
                                        1999; bicameral Parliament or
                                        Majlis-e-Shoora consists of the
                                        Senate (87 seats; members indirectly
                                        elected by provincial assemblies to
                                        serve six-year terms; one-third of
                                        the members up for election every
                                        two years) and the National Assembly
                                        (217 seats - 10 represent non-
                                        Muslims; members elected by popular
                                        vote to serve five-year terms)
                                        elections: Senate - last held 12
                                        March 1997 (next to be held by
                                        October 2002); National Assembly -
                                        last held 3 February 1997 (next to
                                        be held by October 2002)
                                        election results: results are for
                                        the last elections prior to the
                                        military takeover; Senate - percent
                                        of vote by party - NA%; seats by
                                        party - PML/N 30, PPP 17, ANP 7,
                                        MQM/A 6, JWP 5, BNP 4, JUI/F 2, PML/
                                        J 2, BNM/H 1, PKMAP 1, TJP 1,
                                        independents 6, vacant 5; National
                                        Assembly - percent of vote by party
                                        - NA%; seats by party - PML/N 137,
                                        PPP 18, MQM/A 12, ANP 10, BNP 3, JWP
                                        2, JUI/F 2, PPP/SB 1, NPP 1,
                                        independents 21, minorities 10; note
                                        - Gen. Pervez MUSHARRAF dismissed
                                        Parliament 15 October 1999
                       Judicial branch: Supreme Court (justices appointed by
                                        the president); Federal Islamic or
                                        Shari'a Court
         Political parties and leaders: note: Gen. Pervez MUSHARRAF
                                        dissolved Parliament following the
                                        military takeover of 12 October
                                        1999, however, political parties
                                        have been allowed to operate within
                                        limits; Awami National Party or ANP
                                        [Wali KHAN]; Balochistan National
                                        Movement/Hayee Group or BNM/H [Dr.
                                        HAYEE Baluch]; Baluch National Party
                                        or BNP [Sardar Akhtar MENGAL];
                                        Jamhoori Watan Party or JWP [Akbar
                                        Khan BUGTI]; Jamiat-al-Hadith or JAH
                                        [Sajid MIR]; Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam,
                                        Fazlur Rehman faction or JUI/F
                                        [Fazlur REHMAN]; Jamiat Ulema-i-
                                        Pakistan, Niazi faction or JUP/NI
                                        [Abdul Sattar Khan NIAZI]; Millat
                                        Party [Farooq LEGHARI]; Milli
                                        Yakjheti Council or MYC is an
                                        umbrella organization which includes
                                        Jamaat-i-Islami or JI [Qazi Hussain
                                        AHMED], Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Sami-
                                        ul-Haq faction or JUI/S [Sami ul-
                                        HAQ], Tehrik-I-Jafria Pakistan or
                                        TJP [Allama Sajid NAQVI], and Jamiat
                                        Ulema-i-Pakistan, Noorani faction or
                                        JUP/NO [Shah Ahmad NOORANI];
                                        Mutahida Qaumi Movement, Altaf
                                        faction or MQM/A [Altaf HUSSAIN];
                                        National People's Party or NPP
                                        [Ghulam Mustapha JATOI]; Pakhtun
                                        Khwa Milli Awami Party or PKMAP
                                        [Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI]; Pakhtun
                                        Quami Party or PQP [Mohammed AFZAL
                                        Khan]; Pakistan Awami Tehrik or PAT
                                        [Tahir ul QADRI]; Pakistan Muslim
                                        League, Functional Group or PML/F
                                        [Pir PAGARO]; Pakistan Muslim
                                        League, Junejo faction or PML/J
                                        [Hamid Nasir CHATTHA]; Pakistan
                                        Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif faction
                                        or PML/N [Nawaz SHARIF]; Pakistan
                                        Muslim League, Quaid-l-Azam faction
                                        [Mian AZHAR]; Pakistan National
                                        Party or PNP [Hasil BIZENJO];
                                        Pakistan People's Party or PPP
                                        [Benazir BHUTTO]; Pakistan People's
                                        Party/Shaheed Bhutto or PPP/SB
                                        [Ghinva BHUTTO]; Pakistan Tehrik-e-
                                        Insaaf or PTI [Imran KHAN]
                                        note: political alliances in
                                        Pakistan can shift frequently
          Political pressure groups and military remains most important
                               leaders: political force; ulema (clergy),
                                        landowners, industrialists, and
                                        small merchants also influential
             International organization AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), C
                         participation: (suspended), CCC, CP, ECO, ESCAP,
                                        FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD,
                                        ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB,
                                        IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF,
                                        IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU,
                                        MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer),
                                        OIC, OPCW, PCA, SAARC, UN, UNAMSIL,
                                        UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO,
                                        UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP,
                                        UNOMIG, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO,
                                        WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
   Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Ashraf
                                        Jehangir QAZI
                                        FAX: [1] (202) 387-0484
                                        consulate(s) general: Los Angeles,
                                        New York, and Sunnyvale (California)
  
                                        chancery: 2315 Massachusetts Avenue
                                        NW, Washington, DC 20008
                                        telephone: [1] (202) 939-6205
     Diplomatic representation from the chief of mission: Ambassador Wendy
                                    US: J. CHAMBERLIN (since Aug. 2001)
                                        embassy: Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna
                                        5, Islamabad
                                        mailing address: P. O. Box 1048,
                                        Unit 62200, APO AE 09812-2200
                                        telephone: [92] (51) 2080-0000
                                        FAX: [92] (51) 2276427
                                        consulate(s) general: Karachi
                                        consulate(s): Lahore, Peshawar
                      Flag description: green with a vertical white band
                                        (symbolizing the role of religious
                                        minorities) on the hoist side; a
                                        large white crescent and star are
                                        centered in the green field; the
                                        crescent, star, and color green are
                                        traditional symbols of Islam
  
   Economy Pakistan
   ----------------
                    Economy - overview: Pakistan, an impoverished and
                                        underdeveloped country, suffers from
                                        internal political disputes, lack of
                                        foreign investment, and a costly
                                        confrontation with neighboring
                                        India. Pakistan's economic
                                        prospects, marred by poor human
                                        development indicators, low levels
                                        of foreign investment, and reliance
                                        on international creditors for hard
                                        currency inflows, were nonetheless
                                        on an upswing through most of 2001.
                                        The MUSHARRAF government made
                                        significant inroads in macroeconomic
                                        reform - it completed an IMF short-
                                        term loan program for the first time
                                        and improved its standing with
                                        international creditors by
                                        increasing revenue collection and
                                        restraining the fiscal deficit in
                                        the 2001/02 budget. While Pakistan
                                        has capitalized on its international
                                        standing after the 11 September
                                        terrorist attacks on the US by
                                        garnering substantial assistance
                                        from abroad - including $1.3 billion
                                        in IMF Poverty Reduction and Growth
                                        Facility aid and $12.5 billion in
                                        Paris Club debt rescheduling - long-
                                        term prospects remain uncertain. GDP
                                        growth will continue to hinge on
                                        crop performance; dependence on
                                        foreign oil leaves the import bill
                                        vulnerable to fluctuating oil
                                        prices; and foreign and domestic
                                        investors remain wary of committing
                                        to projects in Pakistan. Pakistani
                                        trade levels - already in decline
                                        due to the global economic downturn
                                        - worsened in the aftermath of the
                                        September 11 attacks.
                                   GDP: purchasing power parity - $299
                                        billion (2001 est.)
                GDP - real growth rate: 3.3% (2001 est.)
                      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $2,100
                                        (2001 est.)
           GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 26%
                                        industry: 24%
                                        services: 50% (2001 est.)
         Population below poverty line: 35% (2001 est.)
     Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: 4.1%
                      percentage share: highest 10%: 27.7% (1997)
   Distribution of family income - Gini 31.2 (1996-97)
                                 index:
      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4% (2001 est.)
                           Labor force: 40.4 million
                                        note: extensive export of labor,
                                        mostly to the Middle East, and use
                                        of child labor (2000)
           Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 44%, industry 17%,
                                        services 39% (1999 est.)
                     Unemployment rate: 6.3% (2001 est.)
                                Budget: revenues: $8.9 billion
                                        expenditures: $11.6 billion,
                                        including capital expenditures of
                                        $NA (FY00/01 est.)
                            Industries: textiles, food processing,
                                        beverages, construction materials,
                                        clothing, paper products, shrimp
     Industrial production growth rate: 7% (2001 est.)
              Electricity - production: 62.687 billion kWh (2000)
    Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 64.09%
                                        hydro: 35.31%
                                        other: 0% (2000)
                                        nuclear: 0.6%
             Electricity - consumption: 58.299 billion kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (2000)
                Agriculture - products: cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane,
                                        fruits, vegetables; milk, beef,
                                        mutton, eggs
                               Exports: $8.8 billion (f.o.b., 2001)
                 Exports - commodities: textiles (garments, cotton cloth,
                                        and yarn), rice, other agricultural
                                        products
                    Exports - partners: US 24.8%, UK 6.5%, UAE 6.2%, Hong
                                        Kong 5.9%, Germany 5.6%, (2000)
                               Imports: $9.2 billion (f.o.b., 2001)
                 Imports - commodities: machinery, petroleum, petroleum
                                        products, chemicals, transportation
                                        equipment, edible oils, grains,
                                        pulses, flour
                    Imports - partners: Kuwait 11.7%, UAE 10.7%, Saudi
                                        Arabia 10.5%, US 6%, Japan 5.6%
                                        (2000)
                       Debt - external: $31.5 billion (2001 est.)
              Economic aid - recipient: $2 billion (FY99/00)
                              Currency: Pakistani rupee (PKR)
                         Currency code: PKR
                        Exchange rates: Pakistani rupees per US dollar -
                                        60.719 (January 2002), 61.927
                                        (2001), 53.648 (2000), 49.118
                                        (1999), 44.943 (1998), 40.918 (1997)
                           Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
  
   Communications Pakistan
   -----------------------
        Telephones - main lines in use: 2.861 million (March 1999)
          Telephones - mobile cellular: 158,000 (1998)
                      Telephone system: general assessment: the domestic
                                        system is mediocre, but improving;
                                        service is adequate for government
                                        and business use, in part because
                                        major businesses have established
                                        their own private systems; since
                                        1988, the government has promoted
                                        investment in the national
                                        telecommunications system on a
                                        priority basis, significantly
                                        increasing network capacity; despite
                                        major improvements in trunk and
                                        urban systems, telecommunication
                                        services are still not readily
                                        available to the majority of the
                                        rural population
                                        domestic: microwave radio relay,
                                        coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable,
                                        cellular, and satellite networks
                                        international: satellite earth
                                        stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic
                                        Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); 3
                                        operational international gateway
                                        exchanges (1 at Karachi and 2 at
                                        Islamabad); microwave radio relay to
                                        neighboring countries (1999)
              Radio broadcast stations: AM 27, FM 1, shortwave 21 (1998)
                                Radios: 13.5 million (1997)
         Television broadcast stations: 22 (plus seven low-power repeaters)
                                        (1997)
                           Televisions: 3.1 million (1997)
                 Internet country code: .pk
     Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 30 (2000)
                        Internet users: 1.2 million (2000)
  
   Transportation Pakistan
   -----------------------
                              Railways: total: 8,163 km
                                        broad gauge: 7,718 km 1.676-m gauge
                                        (293 km electrified)
                                        narrow gauge: 445 km 1.000-m gauge
                                        (2001)
                              Highways: total: 247,811 km
                                        paved: 141,252 km (including 339 km
                                        of expressways)
                                        unpaved: 106,559 km (1998)
                             Waterways: none
                             Pipelines: crude oil 250 km; petroleum products
                                        885 km; natural gas 4,044 km (1987)
                     Ports and harbors: Karachi, Port Muhammad bin Qasim
                       Merchant marine: total: 17 ships (1,000 GRT or over)
                                        totaling 241,832 GRT/367,093 DWT
                                        ships by type: cargo 13, container
                                        3, petroleum tanker 1 (2002 est.)
                              Airports: 120 (2001)
         Airports - with paved runways: total: 85
                                        over 3,047 m: 12
                                        2,438 to 3,047 m: 22
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 17
                                        under 914 m: 3 (2001)
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 31
       Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 35
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 8
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 9
                                        under 914 m: 18 (2001)
                             Heliports: 9 (2001)
  
   Military Pakistan
   -----------------
                       Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Civil Armed
                                          Forces, National Guard
        Military manpower - military age: 17 years of age (2002 est.)
        Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 36,941,592 (2002
                                          est.)
     Military manpower - fit for military males age 15-49: 22,606,576 (2002
                                 service: est.)
    Military manpower - reaching military males: 1,657,724 (2002 est.)
                            age annually:
   Military expenditures - dollar figure: $2,545.5 million (FY01)
       Military expenditures - percent of 4.6% (FY01)
                                     GDP:
  
   Transnational Issues Pakistan
   -----------------------------
              Disputes - international: armed stand-off with India over the
                                        status and sovereignty of Kashmir
                                        continues; dispute with India over
                                        the terminus of Rann of Kutch
                                        prevents extension of a maritime
                                        boundary; water-sharing problems
                                        with India persist over the Indus
                                        River (Wular Barrage); close ties
                                        with Pashtuns in Afghanistan make
                                        long border difficult to control
                         Illicit drugs: Poppy cultivation practically
                                        eliminated with only 213 hectares
                                        grown; potential heroin production 5
                                        tons; key transit area for Southwest
                                        Asian heroin moving to Western
                                        markets; narcotics still move from
                                        Afghanistan, transiting Balochistan
                                        Province or Karachi for onward
                                        shipment
  
                                       



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