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World Gazetteer Results for Baran:
NameBaran
Geographical TypeLocality
Population12725
Latitude
Longitude
CountryBelarus
Administrative DivisionVicebsk
Dictionary Results for Belarus:
1. WordNet® 3.0 (2006)
Belarus
    n 1: a landlocked republic in eastern Europe; formerly a
         European soviet [syn: Belarus, Republic of Belarus,
         Byelarus, Byelorussia, Belorussia, White Russia]

2. The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
Byelorussia \Byelorussia\ n.
   a European country east of Poland, formerly a part of the
   Soviet Union. After the breakup of the Soviet Union the name
   was changed to Belarus.

   Syn: Belarus, Belorussia, White Russia.
        [WordNet 1.5]

3. CIA World Factbook 2002
Belarus

   Introduction Belarus
   --------------------
                            Background: After seven decades as a constituent
                                        republic of the USSR, Belarus
                                        attained its independence in 1991.
                                        It has retained closer political and
                                        economic ties to Russia than any of
                                        the other former Soviet republics.
                                        Belarus and Russia signed a treaty
                                        on a two-state union on 8 December
                                        1999 envisioning greater political
                                        and economic integration; Belarus
                                        has agreed on the framework for
                                        implementation of the accord.
  
   Geography Belarus
   -----------------
                              Location: Eastern Europe, east of Poland
                Geographic coordinates: 53 00 N, 28 00 E
                        Map references: Europe
                                  Area: total: 207,600 sq km
                                        water: 0 sq km
                                        land: 207,600 sq km
                    Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Kansas
                       Land boundaries: total: 2,900 km
                                        border countries: Latvia 141 km,
                                        Lithuania 502 km, Poland 407 km,
                                        Russia 959 km, Ukraine 891 km
                             Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
                       Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
                               Climate: cold winters, cool and moist
                                        summers; transitional between
                                        continental and maritime
                               Terrain: generally flat and contains much
                                        marshland
                    Elevation extremes: lowest point: Nyoman River 90 m
                                        highest point: Dzyarzhynskaya Hara
                                        346 m
                     Natural resources: forests, peat deposits, small
                                        quantities of oil and natural gas,
                                        granite, dolomitic limestone, marl,
                                        chalk, sand, gravel, clay
                              Land use: arable land: 29.76%
                                        permanent crops: 0.69%
                                        other: 69.54% (1998 est.)
                        Irrigated land: 1,150 sq km (1998 est.)
                       Natural hazards: NA
          Environment - current issues: soil pollution from pesticide use;
                                        southern part of the country
                                        contaminated with fallout from 1986
                                        nuclear reactor accident at
                                        Chornobyl' in northern Ukraine
            Environment - international party to: Air Pollution, Air
                            agreements: Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
                                        Pollution-Sulphur 85, Biodiversity,
                                        Climate Change, Desertification,
                                        Endangered Species, Environmental
                                        Modification, Hazardous Wastes,
                                        Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
                                        Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
  
                                        signed, but not ratified: Law of the
                                        Sea
                      Geography - note: landlocked; glacial scouring
                                        accounts for the flatness of
                                        Belarusian terrain and for its
                                        11,000 lakes; the country is
                                        geologically well endowed with
                                        extensive deposits of granite,
                                        dolomitic limestone, marl, chalk,
                                        sand, gravel, and clay
  
   People Belarus
   --------------
                            Population: 10,335,382 (July 2002 est.)
                         Age structure: 0-14 years: 17.3% (male 914,579;
                                        female 876,346)
                                        15-64 years: 68.6% (male 3,443,859;
                                        female 3,643,628)
                                        65 years and over: 14.1% (male
                                        482,624; female 974,346) (2002 est.)
                Population growth rate: -0.14% (2002 est.)
                            Birth rate: 9.86 births/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                            Death rate: 13.99 deaths/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                    Net migration rate: 2.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population
                                        (2002 est.)
                             Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
                                        under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
                                        15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
                                        65 years and over: 0.5 male(s)/
                                        female
                                        total population: 0.88 male(s)/
                                        female (2002 est.)
                 Infant mortality rate: 14.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2002
                                        est.)
              Life expectancy at birth: total population: 68.28 years
                                        female: 74.56 years (2002 est.)
                                        male: 62.3 years
                  Total fertility rate: 1.31 children born/woman (2002 est.)
      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.28% (1999 est.)
     HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ 14,000 (1999 est.)
                                  AIDS:
                     HIV/AIDS - deaths: 400 (1999 est.)
                           Nationality: noun: Belarusian(s)
                                        adjective: Belarusian
                         Ethnic groups: Belarusian 81.2%, Russian 11.4%,
                                        Polish, Ukrainian, and other 7.4%
                             Religions: Eastern Orthodox 80%, other
                                        (including Roman Catholic,
                                        Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim) 20%
                                        (1997 est.)
                             Languages: Belarusian, Russian, other
                              Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
                                        and write
                                        total population: 98%
                                        male: 99%
                                        female: 97% (1989 est.)
  
   Government Belarus
   ------------------
                          Country name: conventional long form: Republic of
                                        Belarus
                                        conventional short form: Belarus
                                        local short form: none
                                        former: Belorussian (Byelorussian)
                                        Soviet Socialist Republic
                                        local long form: Respublika
                                        Byelarus'
                       Government type: republic
                               Capital: Minsk
              Administrative divisions: 6 voblastsi (singular - voblasts')
                                        and one municipality* (harady,
                                        singular - horad); Brestskaya
                                        (Brest), Homyel'skaya (Homyel'),
                                        Horad Minsk*, Hrodzyenskaya
                                        (Hrodna), Mahilyowskaya (Mahilyow),
                                        Minskaya, Vitsyebskaya (Vitsyebsk);
                                        note - when using a place name with
                                        the adjectival ending 'skaya' the
                                        word voblasts' should be added to
                                        the place name
                                        note: voblasti have the
                                        administrative center name following
                                        in parentheses
                          Independence: 25 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
                      National holiday: Independence Day, 3 July (1944);
                                        note - 3 July 1944 was the date
                                        Minsk was liberated from German
                                        troops, 25 August 1991 was the date
                                        of independence from the Soviet
                                        Union
                          Constitution: 30 March 1994; revised by national
                                        referendum of 24 November 1996
                                        giving the presidency greatly
                                        expanded powers and became effective
                                        27 November 1996
                          Legal system: based on civil law system
                              Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
                      Executive branch: chief of state: President Aleksandr
                                        LUKASHENKO (since 20 July 1994)
                                        head of government: Prime Minister
                                        Gennadiy NOVITSKIY (since 1 October
                                        2001); Deputy Prime Ministers Andrei
                                        KOBYAKOV (since 13 March 2000),
                                        Aleksandr POPKOV (since 10 November
                                        1998), Sergei SIDORSKY (since NA
                                        September 2001), Vladimir DRAZHIN
                                        (since NA September 2001)
                                        cabinet: Council of Ministers
                                        election results: Aleksandr
                                        LUKASHENKO reelected president;
                                        percent of vote - Aleksandr
                                        LUKASHENKO 75.6%, Vladimir GONCHARIK
                                        15.4%
                                        elections: president elected by
                                        popular vote for a five-year term;
                                        first election took place 23 June
                                        and 10 July 1994; according to the
                                        1994 constitution, the next election
                                        should have been held in 1999,
                                        however LUKASHENKO extended his term
                                        to 2001 via a November 1996
                                        referendum; new election held 9
                                        September 2001 (next election to be
                                        held by September 2006); prime
                                        minister and deputy prime ministers
                                        appointed by the president
                    Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament or
                                        Natsionalnoye Sobranie consists of
                                        the Council of the Republic or
                                        Soviet Respubliki (64 seats; 56
                                        members elected by regional councils
                                        and 8 members appointed by the
                                        president, all for 4-year terms) and
                                        the Chamber of Representatives or
                                        Palata Pretsaviteley (110 seats;
                                        members elected by universal adult
                                        suffrage to serve 4-year terms)
                                        election results: party affiliation
                                        data unavailable; under present
                                        political conditions party
                                        designations are meaningless
                                        elections: last held October 2000
                                        (next to be held NA 2004)
                       Judicial branch: Supreme Court (judges are appointed
                                        by the president); Constitutional
                                        Court (half of the judges appointed
                                        by the president and half appointed
                                        by the Chamber of Representatives)
         Political parties and leaders: Agrarian Party or AP [Semyon
                                        SHARETSKY, chairman]; Belarusian
                                        Communist Party or KPB [Viktor
                                        CHIKIN, chairman]; Belarusian
                                        Ecological Green Party (merger of
                                        Belarusian Ecological Party and
                                        Green Party of Belarus) [leader NA];
                                        Belarusian Patriotic Movement
                                        (Belarusian Patriotic Party) or BPR
                                        [Anatoliy BARANKEVICH, chairman];
                                        Belarusian Popular Front or BNF
                                        [Vintsuk VYACHORKA]; Belarusian
                                        Social-Democrat Party or SDBP
                                        [Nikolay STATKEVICH, chairman];
                                        Belarusian Social-Democratic Party
                                        or Hromada [Stanislav SHUSHKEVICH,
                                        chairman]; Belarusian Socialist
                                        Party [Vyacheslav KUZNETSOV]; Civic
                                        Accord Bloc (United Civic Party) or
                                        CAB [Stanislav BOGDANKEVICH,
                                        chairman]; Liberal Democratic Party
                                        or LDPB [Sergei GAYDUKEVICH,
                                        chairman]; Party of Communists
                                        Belarusian or PKB [Sergei KALYAKIN,
                                        chairman]; Republican Party of Labor
                                        and Justice or RPPS [Anatoliy
                                        NETYLKIN, chairman]; Social-Democrat
                                        Party of Popular Accord or PPA
                                        [Leanid SECHKA]; Women's Party or
                                        "Nadezhda" [Valentina POLEVIKOVA,
                                        chairperson]
          Political pressure groups and NA
                               leaders:
             International organization CCC, CEI, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE,
                         participation: IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS,
                                        ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM
                                        (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, NSG,
                                        OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD,
                                        UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO,
                                        WMO, WTrO (observer)
   Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Valeriy
                                        V. TSEPAKLO
                                        chancery: 1619 New Hampshire Avenue
                                        NW, Washington, DC 20009
                                        consulate(s) general: New York
                                        FAX: [1] (202) 986-1805
                                        telephone: [1] (202) 986-1604
     Diplomatic representation from the chief of mission: Ambassador Michael
                                    US: KOZAK
                                        embassy: 46 Starovilenskaya St.,
                                        Minsk 220002
                                        mailing address: use embassy street
                                        address
                                        telephone: [375] (17) 210-12-83
                                        FAX: [375] (17) 234-7853
                      Flag description: red horizontal band (top) and green
                                        horizontal band one-half the width
                                        of the red band; a white vertical
                                        stripe on the hoist side bears the
                                        Belarusian national ornament in red
  
   Economy Belarus
   ---------------
                    Economy - overview: Belarus has seen little structural
                                        reform since 1995, when President
                                        LUKASHENKO launched the country on
                                        the path of "market socialism." In
                                        keeping with this policy, LUKASHENKO
                                        reimposed administrative controls
                                        over prices and currency exchange
                                        rates and expanded the state's right
                                        to intervene in the management of
                                        private enterprise. In addition to
                                        the burdens imposed by high
                                        inflation and persistent trade
                                        deficits, businesses have been
                                        subject to pressure on the part of
                                        central and local governments, e.g.,
                                        arbitrary changes in regulations,
                                        numerous rigorous inspections,
                                        retroactive application of new
                                        business regulations, and arrests of
                                        "disruptive" businessmen and factory
                                        owners. Close relations with Russia,
                                        possibly leading to reunion, color
                                        the pattern of economic
                                        developments. For the time being,
                                        Belarus remains self-isolated from
                                        the West and its open-market
                                        economies.
                                   GDP: purchasing power parity - $84.8
                                        billion (2001 est.)
                GDP - real growth rate: 4.1% (2001 est.)
                      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $8,200
                                        (2001 est.)
           GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 13%
                                        industry: 42%
                                        services: 45% (2000)
         Population below poverty line: 22% (1995 est.)
     Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: 5.1%
                      percentage share: highest 10%: 20% (1998)
   Distribution of family income - Gini 21.7 (1998)
                                 index:
      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 46.1% (2001 est.)
                           Labor force: 4.8 million (2000)
           Labor force - by occupation: industry and construction NA%,
                                        agriculture and forestry NA%,
                                        services NA%
                     Unemployment rate: 2.1% officially registered
                                        unemployed (December 2000); large
                                        number of underemployed workers
                                Budget: revenues: $4 billion
                                        expenditures: $4.1 billion,
                                        including capital expenditures of
                                        $180 million (1997 est.)
                            Industries: metal-cutting machine tools,
                                        tractors, trucks, earthmovers,
                                        motorcycles, television sets,
                                        chemical fibers, fertilizer,
                                        textiles, radios, refrigerators
     Industrial production growth rate: 5.4% (2001 est.)
              Electricity - production: 24.66 billion kWh (2000)
    Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 99.51%
                                        hydro: 0.08%
                                        other: 0.41% (2000)
                                        nuclear: 0%
             Electricity - consumption: 26.78 billion kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - exports: 300 million kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - imports: 4.15 billion kWh (2000)
                Agriculture - products: grain, potatoes, vegetables, sugar
                                        beets, flax; beef, milk
                               Exports: $7.5 billion (f.o.b., 2001)
                 Exports - commodities: machinery and equipment, mineral
                                        products, chemicals, textiles,
                                        foodstuffs, metals
                    Exports - partners: Russia 51%, Ukraine 8%, Poland 4%,
                                        Germany 3% (2000)
                               Imports: $8.1 billion (f.o.b., 2001)
                 Imports - commodities: mineral products, machinery and
                                        equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs,
                                        metals
                    Imports - partners: Russia 65%, Germany 7%, Poland 3%
                                        (2000)
                       Debt - external: $770 million (2001 est.)
              Economic aid - recipient: $194.3 million (1995)
                              Currency: Belarusian ruble (BYB/BYR)
                         Currency code: BYB/BYR
                        Exchange rates: Belarusian rubles per US dollar -
                                        1,590 (yearend 2001), 1,531.000
                                        (November 2001), 876.750 (2000),
                                        248.795 (1999), 46.127 (1998),
                                        26.020 (1997); note - on 1 January
                                        2000, the national currency was
                                        redenominated at one new ruble to
                                        2,000 old rubles
                           Fiscal year: calendar year
  
   Communications Belarus
   ----------------------
        Telephones - main lines in use: 2.313 million (1997)
          Telephones - mobile cellular: 8,167 (1997)
                      Telephone system: general assessment: the Ministry of
                                        Telecommunications controls all
                                        telecommunications through its
                                        carrier (a joint stock company)
                                        Beltelcom which is a monopoly
                                        domestic: local - Minsk has a
                                        digital metropolitan network and a
                                        cellular NMT-450 network; waiting
                                        lists for telephones are long; local
                                        service outside Minsk is neglected
                                        and poor; intercity - Belarus has a
                                        partly developed fiber-optic
                                        backbone system presently serving at
                                        least 13 major cities (1998);
                                        Belarus's fiber optics form
                                        synchronous digital hierarchy rings
                                        through other countries' systems; an
                                        inadequate analog system remains
                                        operational
                                        international: Belarus is a member
                                        of the Trans-European Line (TEL),
                                        Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic
                                        line, and has access to the Trans-
                                        Siberia Line (TSL); three fiber-
                                        optic segments provide connectivity
                                        to Latvia, Poland, Russia, and
                                        Ukraine; worldwide service is
                                        available to Belarus through this
                                        infrastructure; additional analog
                                        lines to Russia; Intelsat, Eutelsat,
                                        and Intersputnik earth stations
              Radio broadcast stations: AM 28, FM 37, shortwave 11 (1998)
                                Radios: 3.02 million (1997)
         Television broadcast stations: 47 (plus 27 repeaters) (1995)
                           Televisions: 2.52 million (1997)
                 Internet country code: .by
     Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 23 (2002)
                        Internet users: 180,000 (2001)
  
   Transportation Belarus
   ----------------------
                              Railways: total: 5,523 km
                                        broad gauge: 5,523 km 1.520-m gauge
                                        (875 km electrified) (2000 est.)
                              Highways: total: 98,200 km
                                        paved: 66,100 km (includes some all-
                                        weather gravel-surfaced roads)
                                        unpaved: 32,100 km (these roads are
                                        made of unstabilized earth and are
                                        difficult to negotiate in wet
                                        weather) (1990)
                             Waterways: NA km; note - Belarus has extensive
                                        and widely used canal and river
                                        systems
                             Pipelines: crude oil 1,470 km; refined products
                                        1,100 km; natural gas 1,980 km
                                        (1992)
                     Ports and harbors: Mazyr
                              Airports: 136 (2001)
         Airports - with paved runways: total: 33
                                        over 3,047 m: 2
                                        2,438 to 3,047 m: 19
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
                                        under 914 m: 11 (2001)
       Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 103
                                        over 3,047 m: 3
                                        2,438 to 3,047 m: 10
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 11
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 14
                                        under 914 m: 65 (2001)
  
   Military Belarus
   ----------------
                      Military branches: Army, Air Force (including air
                                         defense), Interior Ministry Troops,
                                         Border Guards
       Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age (2002 est.)
       Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 2,744,267 (2002
                                         est.)
    Military manpower - fit for military males age 15-49: 2,149,873 (2002
                                service: est.)
   Military manpower - reaching military males: 86,396 (2002 est.)
                           age annually:
          Military expenditures - dollar $156 million (FY98)
                                 figure:
      Military expenditures - percent of 1% (FY01)
                                    GDP:
  
   Transnational Issues Belarus
   ----------------------------
              Disputes - international: boundary demarcation with Latvia and
                                        Lithuania is pending European Union
                                        funding
                         Illicit drugs: limited cultivation of opium poppy
                                        and cannabis, mostly for the
                                        domestic market; transshipment point
                                        for illicit drugs to and via Russia,
                                        and to the Baltics and Western
                                        Europe
  
                                       



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