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1. WordNet® 3.0 (2006)
Malawi
    n 1: a landlocked republic in southern central Africa; achieved
         independence from the United Kingdom in 1964 [syn:
         Malawi, Republic of Malawi, Nyasaland]

2. CIA World Factbook 2002
Malawi

   Introduction Malawi
   -------------------
                            Background: Established in 1891, the British
                                        protectorate of Nyasaland became the
                                        independent nation of Malawi in
                                        1964. After three decades of one-
                                        party rule, the country held
                                        multiparty elections in 1994 under a
                                        provisional constitution, which took
                                        full effect the following year.
                                        National multiparty elections were
                                        held again in 1999.
  
   Geography Malawi
   ----------------
                              Location: Southern Africa, east of Zambia
                Geographic coordinates: 13 30 S, 34 00 E
                        Map references: Africa
                                  Area: total: 118,480 sq km
                                        water: 24,400 sq km
                                        land: 94,080 sq km
                    Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Pennsylvania
                       Land boundaries: total: 2,881 km
                                        border countries: Mozambique 1,569
                                        km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837 km
                             Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
                       Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
                               Climate: sub-tropical; rainy season (November
                                        to May); dry season (May to
                                        November)
                               Terrain: narrow elongated plateau with
                                        rolling plains, rounded hills, some
                                        mountains
                    Elevation extremes: lowest point: junction of the Shire
                                        River and international boundary
                                        with Mozambique 37 m
                                        highest point: Sapitwa (Mount
                                        Mlanje) 3,002 m
                     Natural resources: limestone, arable land, hydropower,
                                        unexploited deposits of uranium,
                                        coal, and bauxite
                              Land use: arable land: 19.93%
                                        permanent crops: 1.33%
                                        other: 78.74% (1998 est.)
                        Irrigated land: 280 sq km (1998 est.)
                       Natural hazards: NA
          Environment - current issues: deforestation; land degradation;
                                        water pollution from agricultural
                                        runoff, sewage, industrial wastes;
                                        siltation of spawning grounds
                                        endangers fish populations
            Environment - international party to: Biodiversity, Climate
                            agreements: Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
                                        Protocol, Desertification,
                                        Endangered Species, Environmental
                                        Modification, Hazardous Wastes,
                                        Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear
                                        Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection,
                                        Ship Pollution, Wetlands
                                        signed, but not ratified: Law of the
                                        Sea
                      Geography - note: landlocked; Lake Nyasa, some 580 km
                                        long, is the country's most
                                        prominent physical feature
  
   People Malawi
   -------------
                            Population: 10,701,824
                                        note: estimates for this country
                                        explicitly take into account the
                                        effects of excess mortality due to
                                        AIDS; this can result in lower life
                                        expectancy, higher infant mortality
                                        and death rates, lower population
                                        and growth rates, and changes in the
                                        distribution of population by age
                                        and sex than would otherwise be
                                        expected (July 2002 est.)
                         Age structure: 0-14 years: 44% (male 2,358,730;
                                        female 2,347,017)
                                        15-64 years: 53.2% (male 2,810,478;
                                        female 2,884,601)
                                        65 years and over: 2.8% (male
                                        120,761; female 180,237) (2002 est.)
                Population growth rate: 1.39% (2002 est.)
                            Birth rate: 37.13 births/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                            Death rate: 23.2 deaths/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                    Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                             Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
                                        under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female
                                        15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
                                        65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/
                                        female
                                        total population: 0.98 male(s)/
                                        female (2002 est.)
                 Infant mortality rate: 119.96 deaths/1,000 live births
                                        (2002 est.)
              Life expectancy at birth: total population: 36.59 years
                                        female: 37.15 years (2002 est.)
                                        male: 36.05 years
                  Total fertility rate: 5.04 children born/woman (2002 est.)
      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 15.96% (1999 est.)
     HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ 800,000 (1999 est.)
                                  AIDS:
                     HIV/AIDS - deaths: 70,000 (1999 est.)
                           Nationality: noun: Malawian(s)
                                        adjective: Malawian
                         Ethnic groups: Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuka, Yao, Lomwe,
                                        Sena, Tonga, Ngoni, Ngonde, Asian,
                                        European
                             Religions: Protestant 55%, Roman Catholic 20%,
                                        Muslim 20%, indigenous beliefs 3%,
                                        other 2%
                             Languages: English (official), Chichewa
                                        (official), other languages
                                        important regionally
                              Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
                                        and write
                                        total population: 58%
                                        male: 72.8%
                                        female: 43.4% (1999 est.)
  
   Government Malawi
   -----------------
                          Country name: conventional long form: Republic of
                                        Malawi
                                        conventional short form: Malawi
                                        former: British Central African
                                        Protectorate, Nyasaland
                                        Protectorate, Nyasaland
                       Government type: multiparty democracy
                               Capital: Lilongwe
              Administrative divisions: 27 districts; Balaka, Blantyre,
                                        Chikwawa, Chiradzulu, Chitipa,
                                        Dedza, Dowa, Karonga, Kasungu,
                                        Likoma, Lilongwe, Machinga (Kasupe),
                                        Mangochi, Mchinji, Mulanje, Mwanza,
                                        Mzimba, Ntcheu, Nkhata Bay,
                                        Nkhotakota, Nsanje, Ntchisi,
                                        Phalombe, Rumphi, Salima, Thyolo,
                                        Zomba
                          Independence: 6 July 1964 (from UK)
                      National holiday: Independence Day (Republic Day), 6
                                        July (1964)
                          Constitution: 18 May 1994
                          Legal system: based on English common law and
                                        customary law; judicial review of
                                        legislative acts in the Supreme
                                        Court of Appeal; has not accepted
                                        compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
                              Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
                      Executive branch: chief of state: President Bakili
                                        MULUZI (since 21 May 1994); note -
                                        the president is both the chief of
                                        state and head of government
                                        head of government: President Bakili
                                        MULUZI (since 21 May 1994); note -
                                        the president is both the chief of
                                        state and head of government
                                        cabinet: 38-member Cabinet named by
                                        the president
                                        elections: president elected by
                                        popular vote for a five-year term;
                                        election last held 15 June 1999
                                        (next to be held NA 2004)
                                        election results: Bakili MULUZI
                                        reelected president; percent of vote
                                        - Bakili MULUZI (UDF) 51.4%,
                                        Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA (MCP-AFORD)
                                        44.3%
                    Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (193
                                        seats; members elected by popular
                                        vote to serve five-year terms)
                                        elections: last held 15 June 1999
                                        (next to be held NA 2004)
                                        election results: percent of vote by
                                        party - UDF 48%, MCP 34%, AFORD 15%,
                                        others 3%; seats by party - UDF 96,
                                        MCP 61, AFORD 30, others 6
                       Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court
                                        (chief justice appointed by the
                                        president, puisne judges appointed
                                        on the advice of the Judicial
                                        Service Commission); magistrate's
                                        courts
         Political parties and leaders: Alliance for Democracy or AFORD
                                        [Chakufwa CHIHANA, president];
                                        Malawi Congress Party or MCP [Gwanda
                                        CHAKUAMBA, president, John TEMBO,
                                        vice president]; Malawi Democratic
                                        Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA,
                                        president]; United Democratic Front
                                        or UDF [Bakili MULUZI] - governing
                                        party
          Political pressure groups and National Democratic Alliance [Brown
                               leaders: MPINGANJIRA]
             International organization ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77,
                         participation: IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD,
                                        IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol,
                                        IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU,
                                        MONUC, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN,
                                        UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU,
                                        WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
   Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Paul
                                        Tony Steven KANDIERO
                                        FAX: [1] (202) 265-0976
                                        telephone: [1] (202) 797-1007
                                        chancery: 2408 Massachusetts Avenue
                                        NW, Washington, DC 20008
     Diplomatic representation from the chief of mission: Ambassador Roger
                                    US: A. MEECE
                                        embassy: Area 40, Plot 24, Kenyatta
                                        Road
                                        mailing address: P. O. Box 30016,
                                        Lilongwe 3, Malawi
                                        telephone: [265] 773 166
                                        FAX: [265] 770 471
                      Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of
                                        black (top), red, and green with a
                                        radiant, rising, red sun centered in
                                        the black band
                     Government - note: the executive exerts considerable
                                        influence over the legislature
  
   Economy Malawi
   --------------
                    Economy - overview: Landlocked Malawi ranks among the
                                        world's least developed countries.
                                        The economy is predominately
                                        agricultural, with about 90% of the
                                        population living in rural areas.
                                        Agriculture accounts for 40% of GDP
                                        and 88% of export revenues. The
                                        economy depends on substantial
                                        inflows of economic assistance from
                                        the IMF, the World Bank, and
                                        individual donor nations. In late
                                        2000, Malawi was approved for relief
                                        under the Heavily Indebted Poor
                                        Countries (HIPC) program. The
                                        government faces strong challenges,
                                        e.g., to fully develop a market
                                        economy, to improve educational
                                        facilities, to face up to
                                        environmental problems, and to deal
                                        with the rapidly growing problem of
                                        HIV/AIDS. The performance of the
                                        tobacco sector is key to short-term
                                        growth.
                                   GDP: purchasing power parity - $7 billion
                                        (2001 est.)
                GDP - real growth rate: 1.7% (2001 est.)
                      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $660 (2001
                                        est.)
           GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 40%
                                        industry: 19%
                                        services: 41% (2000 est.)
         Population below poverty line: 54% (FY90/91 est.)
     Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: NA%
                      percentage share: highest 10%: NA%
      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 28.6% (2001 est.)
                           Labor force: 4.5 million (2001 est.)
           Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 86% (1997 est.)
                     Unemployment rate: NA%
                                Budget: revenues: $490 million
                                        expenditures: $523 million,
                                        including capital expenditures of
                                        $NA (FY99/00 est.)
                            Industries: tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill
                                        products, cement, consumer goods
     Industrial production growth rate: 2.5% (2001 est.)
              Electricity - production: 825 million kWh (2000)
    Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 3.03%
                                        hydro: 96.97%
                                        other: 0% (2000)
                                        nuclear: 0%
             Electricity - consumption: 767.25 million kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (2000)
                Agriculture - products: tobacco, sugarcane, cotton, tea,
                                        corn, potatoes, cassava (tapioca),
                                        sorghum, pulses; cattle, goats,
                                        groundnuts, Macadamia nuts
                               Exports: $415.5 million (f.o.b., 2001)
                 Exports - commodities: tobacco, tea, sugar, cotton, coffee,
                                        peanuts, wood products, apparel
                    Exports - partners: South Africa 18%, Germany 13%, US
                                        13%, UK 10%, Japan 7%, Netherlands
                                        3% (2000)
                               Imports: $463.6 million (f.o.b., 2001)
                 Imports - commodities: food, petroleum products,
                                        semimanufactures, consumer goods,
                                        transportation equipment
                    Imports - partners: South Africa 40%, UK 11%, Zimbabwe
                                        7%, Japan 5%, Germany 2%, US 1.8%,
                                        Zambia (2000)
                       Debt - external: $2.8 billion (2001 est.)
              Economic aid - recipient: $427 million (1999)
                              Currency: Malawian kwacha (MWK)
                         Currency code: MWK
                        Exchange rates: Malawian kwachas per US dollar -
                                        67.3111 (December 2001), 72.1973
                                        (2001), 59.5438 (2000), 44.0881
                                        (1999), 31.0727 (1998), 16.4442
                                        (1997)
                           Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
  
   Communications Malawi
   ---------------------
        Telephones - main lines in use: 38,000 (1999)
          Telephones - mobile cellular: 49,000 (2000)
                      Telephone system: general assessment: NA
                                        domestic: system employs open-wire
                                        lines, microwave radio relay links,
                                        and radiotelephone communications
                                        stations
                                        international: satellite earth
                                        stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian
                                        Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
              Radio broadcast stations: AM 9, FM 5 (plus 15 repeater
                                        stations), shortwave 2 (plus a third
                                        station held in standby status)
                                        (2001)
                                Radios: 2.6 million (1997)
         Television broadcast stations: 1 (2001)
                           Televisions: NA
                 Internet country code: .mw
     Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 7 (2001)
                        Internet users: 15,000 (2000)
  
   Transportation Malawi
   ---------------------
                              Railways: total: 797 km
                                        narrow gauge: 797 km 1.067-m gauge
                                        (2001)
                              Highways: total: 14,594 km
                                        paved: 2,773 km
                                        unpaved: 11,821 km (2001)
                             Waterways: 144 km
                                        note: on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi)
                                        and Shire Riverall
                     Ports and harbors: Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay,
                                        Nkhotakota, Chilumba
                              Airports: 44 (2001)
         Airports - with paved runways: total: 6
                                        over 3,047 m: 1
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2001)
       Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 38
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 14
                                        under 914 m: 23 (2001)
  
   Military Malawi
   ---------------
                      Military branches: Army (including Air Wing and Naval
                                         Detachment), Police (including
                                         paramilitary Mobile Force Unit)
       Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 2,535,207 (2002
                                         est.)
    Military manpower - fit for military males age 15-49: 1,301,625 (2002
                                service: est.)
          Military expenditures - dollar $9.5 million (FY00/01)
                                 figure:
      Military expenditures - percent of 0.76% (FY00/01)
                                    GDP:
  
   Transnational Issues Malawi
   ---------------------------
              Disputes - international: Malawi and Tanzania maintain a
                                        largely dormant dispute over the
                                        boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi)
                                        and current location of historical
                                        boundary in meandering Songwe River
  
                                       



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