INTERDICTION, civil law. A legal restraint upon a person incapable of
managing his estate, because of mental incapacity, from signing any deed or
doing any act to his own prejudice, without the consent of his curator or
interdictor.
2. Interdictions are of two kinds, voluntary or judicial. The first is
usually executed in the form of an obligation by which the obligor binds
himself to do no act which may affect his estate without the consent of
certain friends or other persons therein mentioned. The latter, or judicial
interdiction, is imposed by a sentence of a competent tribunal, which
disqualifies the party on account of imbecility, madness, or prodigality,
and deprives the person interdicted of the right to manage his affairs and
receive the rents and profits of his estate.
3. The Civil Code of Louisiana makes the following provisions on this
subject: Art. 382. No person above the age of majority, who is subject to an
habitual state of madness or insanity, shall be allowed to take charge of
his own person or to administer his estate, although such person shall, at
times, appear to have the possession of his reason.
4.-383. Every relation has a right to petition for the interdiction
of a relation; and so has every husband a right to petition for the
interdiction of his wife, and every wife of her husband.
5.-384. If the insane person has no relations and is not married, or
if his relations or consort do not act, the interdiction may be solicited by
any stranger, or pronounced ex officio by the judge, after having heard the
counsel of the person whose interdiction is prayed for, whom it shall be
the, duty of the judge to name, if one be not already named, by the party.
385. Every interdiction shall be pronounced by the judge of the parish
of the domicil or residence of the person to be interdicted.
386. The acts of madness, insanity or fury, must be proved to the
satisfaction of the judge, that he may be enabled to pronounce the
interdiction, and this proof may be established, as well by written as by
parol evidence and the judge may moreover interrogate or cause to be
interrogated by any other person commissioned by him for that purpose, the
person whose interdiction is petitioned for, or cause such person to be
examined by physicians, or other skillful persons, in order to obtain their
report upon oath on the real situation of him who is stated to be of unsound
mind.
387. Pending the issue of the petition for interdiction the judge may,
if he deems it proper, appoint for the preservation of the movable, and for
the administration of the immovable estate of the defendant, an
administrator pro tempore.
388. Every judgment, by which an interdiction is renounced, shall be
provisionally executed, notwithstanding the appeal.
389. In case of appeal, the appellate court may, if they deem it
necessary, proceed to the hearing of new proofs, and question or cause to be
questioned, as above provided, the person whose interdiction is petitioned
for, in order to ascertain the state of his mind.
390. On every petition for interdiction, the cost shall be paid out of
the estate of the defendant, if he shall be interdicted, and by the
petitioner, if the interdiction prayed for shall not be pronounced.
391. Every sentence of interdiction shall be published three times, in
at least two of the newspapers printed in New Orleans, or made known by
advertisements at the door of the court-house of the parish of the domicil
of the person interdicted, both in the French and English languages; and
this duty is imposed upon him who shall be appointed curator of the person
interdicted, and shall be performed within a month after the date of the
interdiction, under the penalty of being answerable for all damages to such
persons as may, through ignorance, have contracted with the person
interdicted.
392. No petition for interdiction, if the same shall have once been
rejected, shall be acted upon again, unless new facts, happening posterior
to the sentence, shall be alleged.
393. The interdiction takes place from the day of presenting the
petition for the same.
394. All acts done by the person interdicted, from the date of the
filing the petition for interdiction until the day when the same is
pronounced, are null.
395. No act anterior to the petition for the interdiction, shall be
annulled except where it shall be proved that the cause of such interdiction
notoriously existed at the time when the deeds, the validity of which is
contested, were made, or that the party who contracted with the lunatic or
insane person, could not have been deceived as to the situation of his mind.
Notoriously, in this article, means that the insanity was generally known by
the persons who saw and conversed with the party.
396. After the death of a person, the validity of acts done by him
cannot be contested for cause of insanity, unless his interdiction was
pronounced or petitioned for, previous to the death of such person, except
in cases in which mental alienation manifested itself within ten days
previous to the decease, or in which the proof of the want of reason results
from the act itself which is contested.
397. Within a month, to reckon from the date of the judgment of
interdiction, if there has been no appeal from the same, or if there has
been an appeal, then within a month from the confirmative sentence, it shall
be the duty of the judge of the parish of the domicil or residence of the
person interdicted, to appoint a curator to his person and estate.
398. This appointment is made according to the same forms as the
appointment to the tutorship of minors. After the appointment of the curator
to the person interdicted, the duties of the administrator, pro tempore, if
he shall not have been appointed curator, are at an end and he shall give an
account of his administration to the curator.
399. The married woman, who is interdicted, is of course under the
curatorship of her husband. Nevertheless, it is the duty of the husband, in
such case, to cause to be appointed by the judge, a curator ad litem; who
may appear for the wife in every case when she may have an interest in
opposition to the interest of her husband, or one of a nature to be pursued
or defended jointly with his.
400. The wife may be appointed curatrix to her husband, if she has, in
other respects, the necessary qualifications. She is not bound to give
security.
401. No one, except the husband, with respect to his wife, or wife with
respect to her husband, the relations in the ascending line with respect to
the relations in the descending line, and vice versa, the relations in the
descending line with respect to the relations in the ascending line, can be
compelled to act as curator to a person interdicted more than ten years,
after which time the curator may petition for his discharge.
402. The person interdicted is, in every respect, like the minor who
has not arrived at the age of puberty, both as it respects his person and
estate; and the rules respecting the guardianship of the minor, concerning
the oath, the inventory and the security, the mode of administering the sale
of the estate, the commission on the revenues, the excuses, the exclusion or
deprivation of the guardianship, mode of rendering the accounts, and the
other obligations, apply with respect to the person interdicted.
403. When any of the children of the person interdicted is to be
married, the dowry or advance of money to be drawn from his estate is to be
regulated by the judge, with the advice of a family meeting.
404. According to the symptoms of the disease, under which the person
interdicted labors, and according to the amount of his estate, the judge may
order that the interdicted person he attended in his own house, or that he
be placed in a bettering-house, or indeed, if he be so deranged as to be
dangerous, he may order him to be confined in safe custody.
405. The income of the person interdicted shall be employed in
mitigating his sufferings, and in accelerating his cure, under the penalty
against the curator of being removed in case of neglect.
406. He who petitions for the interdiction of any person, and fails in
obtaining such interdiction, may be prosecuted for and sentenced to pay
damages, if he shall have acted from motives of interest or passion.
407. Interdiction ends with the cause which gave rise to it.
Nevertheless, the person interdicted cannot resume the exercise of his
rights, until after the definite judgment by which a repeal of the
interdiction is pronounced.
408. Interdiction can only be revoked by the same solemnities which
were observed in pronouncing it.
6.-409. Not only lunatics and idiots are liable to be interdicted,
but likewise all persons who, owing to certain infirmities, are incapable of
taking care of their persons and administering their estates.
7. Such persons shall be placed under the care of a curator, who shall
be appointed and shall administer in conformity with the rules contained in
the present chapter.
8.-410. The person interdicted cannot be taken out of the state
without a judicial order, given on the recommendation of a a family meeting,
and on the opinion delivered under oath of at least two physicians, that
they believe the departure necessary to the health of the person
interdicted.
9.-411. There shall be appointed by the judge a superintendent to the
person interdicted whose duty it shall be to inform the judge, at least once
in three months, of the state of the health of the person interdicted, and
of the manner in which he is treated.
10. To this end, the superintendent shall have free access to the person
interdicted, whenever he wishes to see him.
11.-412. It is the duty of the judge to visit the person interdicted,
whenever, from the information he receives, he shall deem it expedient.
12. This visit shall be made at times when the curator is not present.
13.-413. Interdiction is not allowed on account of profligacy or
prodigality. Vide Ray's Med. Jur. chap. 25; 1 Hagg. Eccl. Rep. 401;
Committee; Habitual Drunkard.
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