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1. WordNet® 3.0 (2006)
circumstances
    n 1: your overall circumstances or condition in life (including
         everything that happens to you); "whatever my fortune may
         be"; "deserved a better fate"; "has a happy lot"; "the luck
         of the Irish"; "a victim of circumstances"; "success that
         was her portion" [syn: fortune, destiny, fate,
         luck, lot, circumstances, portion]
    2: a person's financial situation (good or bad); "he found
       himself in straitened circumstances"

2. Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856)
CIRCUMSTANCES, evidence. The particulars which accompany a fact. 
     2. The facts proved are either possible or impossible, ordinary and 
probable, or extraordinary and improbable, recent or ancient; they may have 
happened near us, or afar off; they are public or private, permanent or 
transitory, clear and simple, or complicated; they are always accompanied by 
circumstances which more or less influence the mind in forming a judgment. 
And in some instances these circumstances assume the character of 
irresistible evidence; where, for example, a woman was found dead in a room, 
with every mark of having met with a violent death, the presence of another 
person at the scene of action was made manifest by the bloody mark of a left 
hand visible on her left arm. 14 How. St. Tr. 1324. These points ought to be 
carefully examined, in order to form a correct opinion. The first question 
ought to be, is the fact possible ? If so, are there any circumstances which 
render it impossible ? If the facts are impossible, the witness ought not to 
be credited. If, for example, a man should swear that he saw the deceased 
shoot himself with his own pistol, and upon an examination of the ball which 
killed him, it should be found too large to enter into the pistol, the 
witness ought not to be credited. 1 Stark. Ev. 505; or if one should swear 
that another had been guilty of an impossible crime. 
     3. Toullier mentions a case, which, were it not for the ingenuity of 
the counsel, would require an apology for its introduction here, on account 
of its length. The case was this: La Veuve Veron brought an action against 
M. de Morangies on some notes, which the defendant alleged were fraudulently 
obtained, for the purpose of recovering 300,000 francs, and the question 
was, whether the defendant had received the money. Dujonquai, the grandson 
of the plaintiff, pretended he had himself, alone and on foot, carried this 
sum in gold to the defendant, at his hotel at the upper end of the rue Saint 
Jacques, in thirteen trips, between half past seven and about one o'clock, 
that is, in about five hours and a half, or, at most, six hours. The fact 
was improbable; Linquet, the counsel of the defendant, proved it was 
impossible; and this is his argument: 
     4. Dujonquai said that he had divided the sum in thirteen bags, each 
containing six hundred louis d'ors, and in twenty-three other bags, each 
containing two hundred. There remained twenty-five louis to complete the 
whole sum, which, Dujonquai said, he received from the defendant as a 
gratuity. At each of 'these trips, he says, he put a bag, containing two 
hundred louis, that is, about three pounds four ounces, in each of his coat 
pockets, which, being made in the fashion of those times, hung about the 
thighs, and in walking must have incommoded him and obstructed his speed; he 
took, besides, a bag containing six hundred louis in his arms; by this means 
his movements were impeded by a weight of near ten pounds. 
     5. The measured distance between the house where Dujonquai took the 
bags to the foot of the stairs of the defendant, "as five hundred and 
sixteen toises, which, multiplied by twenty-six, the thirteen trips going 
and returning, make thirteen thousand four hundred and sixteen toises, that 
is, more than five leagues and a half (near seventeen miles), of two 
thousand four hundred toises, which latter distance is considered sufficient 
for an hour's walk, of a good walker. Thus, if Dujonquai had been unimpeded 
by any obstacle, he would barely have had time to perform the task in five 
or six hours, even without taking any rest or refreshment. However strikingly

improbable this may have been, it was not physically impossible. But 
     6.-1. Dujonquai, in going to the defendant's, had to descend sixty-
three steps from his grandmother's, the plaintiff's chamber, and to ascend 
twenty-seven to that of the defendant, in the whole, ninety steps. In 
returning, the ascent and descent were changed, but the steps were the same; 
so that by multiplying, by twenty-six, the number of trips going and 
returning, it would be seen there were two thousand three hundred and forty 
steps. Experience had proved that in ascending to the top of the tower of 
Notre Dame (a church in Paris), where there are three hundred and eighty-
nine steps, it occupied from eight to nine minutes of time. It must then 
have taken an hour out of the five or six which had been employed in making 
the thirteen trips. 
     7.-2. Dujonquai had to go up the rue Saint Jacques, which is very 
steep; its ascent would necessarily decrease the speed of a man, burdened 
and encumbered with the bags which he carried in his pockets and in his arms.

     8.-3. This street, which is very public, is usually, particularly in 
the morning, encumbered by a multitude of persons going in every direction, 
so that a person going along must make an infinite number of deviations from 
a direct line; each by itself, is almost imperceptible, but at the end of 
five or six hours, they make a considerable sum, which may be estimated at a 
tenth part of the whole course in a straight line; this would make about 
half a league, to be added to the five and a half leagues, which is the 
distance in a direct line. 
     9.-4. On the morning that Dujonquai made these trips, the daily and 
usual incumbrances of this street were increased by sixty or eighty workmen, 
who were employed in removing by hand and with machine, an enormous stone, 
intended for the church of Saint Genevieve, now the pantheon, and by the 
immense crowd which this attracted; this was a remarkable circumstance, 
which, supposing that Dujonquai had not yielded to the temptation of 
stopping a few moments to see what was doing, must necessarily have impeded 
his way, and made him lose seven or eight minutes each trip, which, 
multiplied by twenty-six would make about two hours and a half. 
    10.-5. The, witness was obliged to open and shut the doors at the 
defendant's house; it required time to take up the bags and place them in 
his pockets, to take them out and put them on the defendant's table, who, by 
an improbable supposition, counted the money in the intervals between the 
trips, and not in the presence of the witness. Dujonquai, too, must have 
taken receipts or acknowledgments at each trip, he must read them, and on 
arriving at home, deposited them in some place of safety all these 
distractions would necessarily occasion the loss of a few minutes. By adding 
these with scrupulous nicety, and by further adding the time employed in 
taking and depositing the bags, the opening and shutting of the doors, the 
reception of the receipts, the time occupied in reading and putting them 
away, the time consumed in several conversations, which he admitted he had 
with persons in the street; all these joined to the obstacles above 
mentioned, made it evident that it was physically impossible that Dujonquai 
should have carried the 300,000 francs to the house of the defendant, as he 
affirmed he had done. Toull. tom. 9, n. 241, p. 384. Vide, generally, 1 
Stark. Ev. 502; 1 Phil. Ev. 116. See some curious cases of circumstantial 
evidence in Alis. Pr. Cr. Law, 313, 314; and 2 Theorie des Lois Criminelles, 
147, n.; 3 Benth. Jud. Ev. 94, 223; Harvey's Meditations on the Night, note 
35; 1 Taylor's Med. Jur. 372; 14 How. St. Tr. 1324; Theory of Presumptive 
Proof, passim; Best on Pres. SSSS 187, 188, 197. See Death; Presumption; 
Sonnambulism. 



Thesaurus Results for circumstances:

1. Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0
affairs, alentours, ambience, ambit, assessed valuation, assets, assets and liabilities, borderlands, circle, circuit, circumambiencies, circumjacencies, compass, concerns, condition of things, conditions, context, current assets, dealings, deferred assets, doings, entourage, environing circumstances, environment, environs, existing conditions, fixed assets, frozen assets, full particulars, funds, gestalt, goings-on, habitat, ins and outs, intangible assets, intangibles, life, liquid assets, march of events, material assets, matters, means, milieu, neighborhood, net assets, net worth, outposts, outskirts, perimeter, periphery, precincts, proceedings, purlieus, quick assets, relations, resources, run of things, set of conditions, situation, state of affairs, status quo, stock, stock-in-trade, suburbs, surroundings, tangible assets, tangibles, the times, the world, total environment, total situation, vicinage, vicinity, wealth, what happens, whole picture
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