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1. WordNet® 3.0 (2006)
Liechtenstein
    n 1: a small landlocked principality (constitutional monarchy)
         in central Europe located in the Alps between Austria and
         Switzerland [syn: Liechtenstein, Principality of
         Liechtenstein]

2. The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
Liechtenstein \Liechtenstein\ prop. n.
   a small principality in central Europe.
   [WordNet 1.5]

3. CIA World Factbook 2002
Liechtenstein

   Introduction Liechtenstein
   --------------------------
                            Background: The Principality of Liechtenstein
                                        was established within the Holy
                                        Roman Empire in 1719; it became a
                                        sovereign state in 1806. Until the
                                        end of World War I, it was closely
                                        tied to Austria, but the economic
                                        devastation caused by that conflict
                                        forced Liechtenstein to conclude a
                                        customs and monetary union with
                                        Switzerland. Since World War II (in
                                        which Liechtenstein remained
                                        neutral) the country's low taxes
                                        have spurred outstanding economic
                                        growth. However, shortcomings in
                                        banking regulatory oversight have
                                        resulted in concerns about the use
                                        of the financial institutions for
                                        money laundering.
  
   Geography Liechtenstein
   -----------------------
                              Location: Central Europe, between Austria and
                                        Switzerland
                Geographic coordinates: 47 10 N, 9 32 E
                        Map references: Europe
                                  Area: total: 160 sq km
                                        water: 0 sq km
                                        land: 160 sq km
                    Area - comparative: about 0.9 times the size of
                                        Washington, DC
                       Land boundaries: total: 76 km
                                        border countries: Austria 35 km,
                                        Switzerland 41 km
                             Coastline: 0 km (doubly landlocked)
                       Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
                               Climate: continental; cold, cloudy winters
                                        with frequent snow or rain; cool to
                                        moderately warm, cloudy, humid
                                        summers
                               Terrain: mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine
                                        Valley in western third
                    Elevation extremes: lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m
                                        highest point: Grauspitz 2,599 m
                     Natural resources: hydroelectric potential, arable land
                              Land use: arable land: 25%
                                        permanent crops: 0%
                                        other: 75% (1998 est.)
                        Irrigated land: NA sq km
                       Natural hazards: NA
          Environment - current issues: NA
            Environment - international party to: Air Pollution, Air
                            agreements: Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
                                        Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-
                                        Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile
                                        Organic Compounds, Biodiversity,
                                        Climate Change, Desertification,
                                        Endangered Species, Hazardous
                                        Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection,
                                        Wetlands
                                        signed, but not ratified: Air
                                        Pollution-Persistent Organic
                                        Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto
                                        Protocol, Law of the Sea
                      Geography - note: along with Uzbekistan, one of only
                                        two doubly landlocked countries in
                                        the world; variety of microclimatic
                                        variations based on elevation
  
   People Liechtenstein
   --------------------
                            Population: 32,842 (July 2002 est.)
                         Age structure: 0-14 years: 18.3% (male 3,003;
                                        female 3,001)
                                        15-64 years: 70.5% (male 11,530;
                                        female 11,639)
                                        65 years and over: 11.2% (male
                                        1,494; female 2,175) (2002 est.)
                Population growth rate: 0.94% (2002 est.)
                            Birth rate: 11.24 births/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                            Death rate: 6.76 deaths/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                    Net migration rate: 4.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population
                                        (2002 est.)
                             Sex ratio: at birth: 1.01 male(s)/female
                                        under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female
                                        15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
                                        65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/
                                        female
                                        total population: 0.95 male(s)/
                                        female (2002 est.)
                 Infant mortality rate: 4.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2002
                                        est.)
              Life expectancy at birth: total population: 79.1 years
                                        female: 82.74 years (2002 est.)
                                        male: 75.47 years
                  Total fertility rate: 1.5 children born/woman (2002 est.)
      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: NA%
     HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ NA
                                  AIDS:
                     HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA
                           Nationality: noun: Liechtensteiner(s)
                                        adjective: Liechtenstein
                         Ethnic groups: Alemannic 87.5%, Italian, Turkish,
                                        and other 12.5%
                             Religions: Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 7.4%,
                                        unknown 7.7%, other 4.9% (1996)
                             Languages: German (official), Alemannic dialect
                              Literacy: definition: age 10 and over can read
                                        and write
                                        total population: 100%
                                        male: 100%
                                        female: 100% (1981 est.)
  
   Government Liechtenstein
   ------------------------
                          Country name: conventional long form: Principality
                                        of Liechtenstein
                                        conventional short form:
                                        Liechtenstein
                                        local short form: Liechtenstein
                                        local long form: Fuerstentum
                                        Liechtenstein
                       Government type: hereditary constitutional monarchy
                               Capital: Vaduz
              Administrative divisions: 11 communes (Gemeinden, singular -
                                        Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin,
                                        Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan,
                                        Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg,
                                        Vaduz
                          Independence: 23 January 1719 Imperial
                                        Principality of Liechtenstein
                                        established; 12 July 1806
                                        established independence from the
                                        Holy Roman Empire
                      National holiday: Assumption Day, 15 August
                          Constitution: 5 October 1921
                          Legal system: local civil and penal codes; accepts
                                        compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
                                        reservations
                              Suffrage: 20 years of age; universal
                      Executive branch: chief of state: Prince HANS ADAM II
                                        (since 13 November 1989, assumed
                                        executive powers 26 August 1984);
                                        Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of
                                        the monarch (born 11 June 1968)
                                        elections: none; the monarch is
                                        hereditary; following legislative
                                        elections, the leader of the
                                        majority party in the Diet is
                                        usually appointed the head of
                                        government by the monarch and the
                                        leader of the largest minority party
                                        in the Diet is usually appointed the
                                        deputy head of government by the
                                        monarch
                                        cabinet: Cabinet elected by the
                                        Diet, confirmed by the monarch
                                        head of government: Head of
                                        Government Otmar HASLER (since 5
                                        April 2001) and Deputy Head of
                                        Government Rita KIEBER-BECK (since 5
                                        April 2001)
                    Legislative branch: unicameral Diet or Landtag (25
                                        seats; members are elected by
                                        direct, popular vote under
                                        proportional representation to serve
                                        four-year terms)
                                        election results: percent of vote by
                                        party - FBP 49.90%, VU 41.35%, FL
                                        8.71%; seats by party - FBP 13, VU
                                        11, FL 1
                                        elections: last held 11 February
                                        2001 (next to be held by NA 2005)
                       Judicial branch: Supreme Court or Oberster
                                        Gerichtshof; Superior Court or
                                        Obergericht
         Political parties and leaders: Fatherland Union or VU [Heinz
                                        FROMMELT]; Progressive Citizens'
                                        Party or FBP [Johannes MATT]; The
                                        Free List or FL [Dr. Pepo FRICK,
                                        Karin JENNY, Rene HASLER]
          Political pressure groups and NA
                               leaders:
             International organization CE, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, IAEA, ICRM,
                         participation: IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW,
                                        OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCL, WHO
                                        (observer), WIPO, WTrO
   Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Claudia
                                        FRITSCHE
                                        chancery: 633 Third Avenue, 27th
                                        floor, New York, NY 10017
                                        telephone: [1] (212) 599-0220
                                        FAX: [1] (212) 599-0064
     Diplomatic representation from the the US does not have an embassy in
                                    US: Liechtenstein, but the US Ambassador
                                        to Switzerland is also accredited to
                                        Liechtenstein
                      Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of blue
                                        (top) and red with a gold crown on
                                        the hoist side of the blue band
  
   Economy Liechtenstein
   ---------------------
                    Economy - overview: Despite its small size and limited
                                        natural resources, Liechtenstein has
                                        developed into a prosperous, highly
                                        industrialized, free-enterprise
                                        economy with a vital financial
                                        service sector and living standards
                                        on a par with the urban areas of its
                                        large European neighbors. Low
                                        business taxes - the maximum tax
                                        rate is 18% - and easy incorporation
                                        rules have induced 73,700 holding or
                                        so-called letter box companies to
                                        establish nominal offices in
                                        Liechtenstein, providing 30% of
                                        state revenues. The country
                                        participates in a customs union with
                                        Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc
                                        as its national currency. It imports
                                        more than 90% of its energy
                                        requirements. Liechtenstein has been
                                        a member of the European Economic
                                        Area (an organization serving as a
                                        bridge between European Free Trade
                                        Association (EFTA) and EU) since May
                                        1995. The government is working to
                                        harmonize its economic policies with
                                        those of an integrated Europe.
                                   GDP: purchasing power parity - $730
                                        million (1998 est.)
                GDP - real growth rate: NA%
                      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $23,000
                                        (1998 est.)
           GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: NA%
                                        industry: NA%
                                        services: NA%
         Population below poverty line: NA%
     Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: NA%
                      percentage share: highest 10%: NA%
      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1% (2001)
                           Labor force: 22,891 of which 13,847 are
                                        foreigners; 8,231 commute from
                                        Austria and Switzerland to work each
                                        day
           Labor force - by occupation: industry, trade, and building 45%,
                                        services 53%, agriculture, fishing,
                                        forestry, and horticulture 2% (1997
                                        est.)
                     Unemployment rate: 1.8% (February 1999)
                                Budget: revenues: $424.2 million
                                        expenditures: $414.1 million,
                                        including capital expenditures of
                                        $NA (1998 est.)
                            Industries: electronics, metal manufacturing,
                                        textiles, ceramics, pharmaceuticals,
                                        food products, precision
                                        instruments, tourism
     Industrial production growth rate: NA%
    Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: NA%
                                        other: NA%
                                        hydro: NA%
                                        nuclear: NA%
             Electricity - consumption: NA kWh
                 Electricity - exports: NA kWh
                 Electricity - imports: NA kWh
                Agriculture - products: wheat, barley, corn, potatoes;
                                        livestock, dairy products
                               Exports: $2.47 billion (1996)
                 Exports - commodities: small specialty machinery, dental
                                        products, stamps, hardware, pottery
                    Exports - partners: EU and EFTA countries 60.57%
                                        (Switzerland 15.7%) (1995)
                               Imports: $917.3 million (1996)
                 Imports - commodities: machinery, metal goods, textiles,
                                        foodstuffs, motor vehicles
                    Imports - partners: EU countries, Switzerland (1996)
                       Debt - external: $0 (1996)
              Economic aid - recipient: none
                              Currency: Swiss franc (CHF)
                         Currency code: CHF
                        Exchange rates: Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.6668
                                        (January 2002), 1.6876 (2001),
                                        1.6888 (2000), 1.5022 (1999), 1.4498
                                        (1998), 1.4513 (1997)
                           Fiscal year: calendar year
  
   Communications Liechtenstein
   ----------------------------
        Telephones - main lines in use: 20,000 (1997)
          Telephones - mobile cellular: NA
                      Telephone system: general assessment: automatic
                                        telephone system
                                        domestic: NA
                                        international: linked to Swiss
                                        networks by cable and microwave
                                        radio relay
              Radio broadcast stations: AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
                                Radios: 21,000 (1997)
         Television broadcast stations: NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997)
                           Televisions: 12,000 (1997)
                 Internet country code: .li
     Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 44 (Liechtenstein and Switzerland)
                                        (2000)
                        Internet users: NA
  
   Transportation Liechtenstein
   ----------------------------
                              Railways: total: 18.5 km
                                        standard gauge: 18.5 km 1.435-
                                        m gauge (electrified)
                                        note: owned, operated, and included
                                        in statistics of Austrian Federal
                                        Railways (2001)
                              Highways: total: 250 km
                                        paved: 250 km
                                        unpaved: 0 km
                             Waterways: none
                     Ports and harbors: none
                              Airports: none (2001)
  
   Military Liechtenstein
   ----------------------
                           Military - note: defense is the responsibility of
                                            Switzerland
  
   Transnational Issues Liechtenstein
   ----------------------------------
              Disputes - international: Liechtenstein's royal family claims
                                        restitution for 1,600 sq km of land
                                        in the Czech Republic confiscated in
                                        1918
                         Illicit drugs: multilateral organizations engaged
                                        in issuing international guidelines
                                        for financial sector oversight found
                                        gaps in Liechtenstein's financial
                                        services controls that made it
                                        vulnerable to money laundering, but
                                        Liechtenstein has become less
                                        attractive as a haven for illicit
                                        funds, based on implementation in
                                        2001 of new anti-money-laundering
                                        legislation and improved mutual
                                        legal assistance cooperation with
                                        other countries
  
                                       



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