Dictionary    Maps    Thesaurus    Translate    Advanced >   


Tip: Click Thesaurus above for synonyms. Also, follow synonym links within the dictionary to find definitions from other sources.

1. WordNet® 3.0 (2006)
Kyrgyzstan
    n 1: a landlocked republic in west central Asia bordering on
         northwestern China; formerly an Asian soviet but became
         independent in 1991 [syn: Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyz Republic,
         Kirghizia, Kirgizia, Kirghiz, Kirgiz,
         Kirghizstan, Kirgizstan]

2. CIA World Factbook 2002
Kyrgyzstan

   Introduction Kyrgyzstan
   -----------------------
                            Background: A Central Asian country of
                                        incredible natural beauty and proud
                                        nomadic traditions, Kyrgyzstan was
                                        annexed by Russia in 1864; it
                                        achieved independence from the
                                        Soviet Union in 1991. Current
                                        concerns include: privatization of
                                        state-owned enterprises, expansion
                                        of democracy and political freedoms,
                                        interethnic relations, and combating
                                        terrorism.
  
   Geography Kyrgyzstan
   --------------------
                              Location: Central Asia, west of China
                Geographic coordinates: 41 00 N, 75 00 E
                        Map references: Asia
                                  Area: total: 198,500 sq km
                                        water: 7,200 sq km
                                        land: 191,300 sq km
                    Area - comparative: slightly smaller than South Dakota
                       Land boundaries: total: 3,878 km
                                        border countries: China 858 km,
                                        Kazakhstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan 870
                                        km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km
                             Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
                       Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
                               Climate: dry continental to polar in high
                                        Tien Shan; subtropical in southwest
                                        (Fergana Valley); temperate in
                                        northern foothill zone
                               Terrain: peaks of Tien Shan and associated
                                        valleys and basins encompass entire
                                        nation
                    Elevation extremes: lowest point: Kara-Daryya
                                        (Karadar'ya) 132 m
                                        highest point: Jengish Chokusu (Pik
                                        Pobedy) 7,439 m
                     Natural resources: abundant hydropower; significant
                                        deposits of gold and rare earth
                                        metals; locally exploitable coal,
                                        oil, and natural gas; other deposits
                                        of nepheline, mercury, bismuth,
                                        lead, and zinc
                              Land use: arable land: 7.04%
                                        permanent crops: 0.39%
                                        note: Kyrgyzstan has the world's
                                        largest natural growth walnut forest
                                        (1998 est.)
                                        other: 92.57%
                        Irrigated land: 10,740 sq km (1998 est.)
                       Natural hazards: NA
          Environment - current issues: water pollution; many people get
                                        their water directly from
                                        contaminated streams and wells; as a
                                        result, water-borne diseases are
                                        prevalent; increasing soil salinity
                                        from faulty irrigation practices
            Environment - international party to: Air Pollution,
                            agreements: Biodiversity, Climate Change,
                                        Desertification, Hazardous Wastes,
                                        Ozone Layer Protection
                                        signed, but not ratified: none of
                                        the selected agreements
                      Geography - note: landlocked; entirely mountainous,
                                        dominated by the Tien Shan range;
                                        many tall peaks, glaciers, and high-
                                        altitude lakes
  
   People Kyrgyzstan
   -----------------
                            Population: 4,822,166 (July 2002 est.)
                         Age structure: 0-14 years: 34.4% (male 838,224;
                                        female 821,230)
                                        15-64 years: 59.4% (male 1,403,328;
                                        female 1,459,914)
                                        65 years and over: 6.2% (male
                                        113,861; female 185,609) (2002 est.)
                Population growth rate: 1.45% (2002 est.)
                            Birth rate: 26.11 births/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                            Death rate: 9.1 deaths/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                    Net migration rate: -2.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population
                                        (2002 est.)
                             Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
                                        under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
                                        15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
                                        65 years and over: 0.61 male(s)/
                                        female
                                        total population: 0.96 male(s)/
                                        female (2002 est.)
                 Infant mortality rate: 75.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2002
                                        est.)
              Life expectancy at birth: total population: 63.56 years
                                        female: 67.98 years (2002 est.)
                                        male: 59.35 years
                  Total fertility rate: 3.16 children born/woman (2002 est.)
      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: less than 0.01% (1999 est.)
     HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ less than 100 (1999 est.)
                                  AIDS:
                     HIV/AIDS - deaths: less than 100 (1999 est.)
                           Nationality: noun: Kyrgyzstani(s)
                                        adjective: Kyrgyzstani
                         Ethnic groups: Kyrgyz 52.4%, Russian 18%, Uzbek
                                        12.9%, Ukrainian 2.5%, German 2.4%,
                                        other 11.8%
                             Religions: Muslim 75%, Russian Orthodox 20%,
                                        other 5%
                             Languages: Kyrgyz - official language, Russian
                                        - official language
                                        note: in December 2001, the
                                        Kyrgyzstani legislature made Russian
                                        an official language, equal in
                                        status to Kyrgyz
                              Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
                                        and write
                                        total population: 97%
                                        male: 99%
                                        female: 96% (1989 est.)
  
   Government Kyrgyzstan
   ---------------------
                          Country name: conventional long form: Kyrgyz
                                        Republic
                                        conventional short form: Kyrgyzstan
                                        local short form: none
                                        former: Kirghiz Soviet Socialist
                                        Republic
                                        local long form: Kyrgyz Respublikasy
                       Government type: republic
                               Capital: Bishkek
              Administrative divisions: 7 provinces (oblastlar, singular -
                                        oblasty) and 1 city* (shaar); Batken
                                        Oblasty, Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy
                                        Oblasty (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad
                                        Oblasty, Naryn Oblasty, Osh Oblasty,
                                        Talas Oblasty, Ysyk-Kol Oblasty
                                        (Karakol)
                                        note: administrative divisions have
                                        the same names as their
                                        administrative centers (exceptions
                                        have the administrative center name
                                        following in parentheses)
                          Independence: 31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
                      National holiday: Independence Day, 31 August (1991)
                          Constitution: adopted 5 May 1993; note - amendment
                                        proposed by President AKAYEV and
                                        passed in a national referendum on
                                        10 February 1996 significantly
                                        expands the powers of the president
                                        at the expense of the legislature
                          Legal system: based on civil law system
                              Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
                      Executive branch: chief of state: President Askar
                                        AKAYEV (since 28 October 1990)
                                        head of government: Prime Minister
                                        Nikolay TANAYEV (since 22 May 2002);
                                        note - Prime Minister Kurmanbek
                                        BAKIYEV resigned on 22 May 2002 when
                                        five demonstrators were killed in
                                        clashes with the police
                                        cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers
                                        appointed by the president on the
                                        recommendation of the prime minister
  
                                        election results: Askar AKAYEV
                                        reelected president; percent of vote
                                        - Askar AKAYEV 74%, Omurbek
                                        TEKEBAYEV 14%, other candidates 12%;
                                        note - election marred by serious
                                        irregularities
                                        elections: president reelected by
                                        popular vote for a five-year term;
                                        elections last held 29 October 2000
                                        (next to be held November or
                                        December 2005); prime minister
                                        appointed by the president
                    Legislative branch: bicameral Supreme Council or
                                        Zhogorku Kenesh consists of the
                                        Assembly of People's Representatives
                                        (70 seats; members are elected by
                                        popular vote to serve five-year
                                        terms) and the Legislative Assembly
                                        (35 seats; members are elected by
                                        popular vote to serve five-year
                                        terms)
                                        election results: Assembly of
                                        People's Representatives - percent
                                        of vote by party - NA%; percent of
                                        vote by party - NA; and Legislative
                                        Assembly - percent of vote by party
                                        - NA%; seats by party - NA; note -
                                        total seats by party in the Supreme
                                        Council were as follows: Union of
                                        Democratic Forces 12, Communists 6,
                                        My Country Party of Action 4,
                                        independents 73, other 10
                                        note: the legislature became
                                        bicameral for the 5 February 1995
                                        elections; the 2000 election results
                                        include both the Assembly of
                                        People's Representatives and the
                                        Legislative Assembly
                                        elections: Assembly of People's
                                        Representatives - last held 20
                                        February and 12 March 2000 (next to
                                        be held NA February 2005);
                                        Legislative Assembly - last held 20
                                        February and 12 March 2000 (next to
                                        be held NA February 2005)
                       Judicial branch: Supreme Court (judges are appointed
                                        for 10-year terms by the Supreme
                                        Council on the recommendation of the
                                        president); Constitutional Court;
                                        Higher Court of Arbitration
         Political parties and leaders: Agrarian Labor Party of Kyrgyzstan
                                        [Uson S. SYDYKOV]; Agrarian Party of
                                        Kyrgyzstan [Arkin ALIYEV]; Ata-Meken
                                        or Fatherland [Omurbek TEKEBAYEV];
                                        Banner National Revival Party or
                                        ASABA [Chaprashty BAZARBAY];
                                        Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstan or
                                        DDK [Jypar JEKSHEYEV]; Democratic
                                        Women's Party of Kyrgyzstan [T. A.
                                        SHAILIYEVA]; Dignity Party [Feliks
                                        KULOV]; Erkin Kyrgyzstan Progressive
                                        and Democratic Party [Tursunbay
                                        Bakir UULU]; Justice Party [Chingiz
                                        AYTMATOV]; Movement for the People's
                                        Salvation [Jumgalbek AMAMBAYEV];
                                        Mutual Help Movement or Ashar
                                        [Jumagazy USUPOV]; My Country of
                                        Action [Almazbek ISMANKULOV];
                                        National Unity Democratic Movement
                                        or DDNE [Yury RAZGULYAYEV]; Party of
                                        Communists of Kyrgyzstan or KCP
                                        [Absamat M. MASALIYEV]; Party of the
                                        Veterans of the War in Afghanistan
                                        [leader NA]; Peasant Party [leader
                                        NA]; People's Party [Melis
                                        ESHIMKANOV]; Republican Popular
                                        Party of Kyrgyzstan [J.
                                        SHARSHENALIYEV]; Social Democratic
                                        Party or PSD [J. IBRAMOV]; Union of
                                        Democratic Forces (composed of
                                        Social Democratic Party of
                                        Kyrgyzstan or PSD [J. IBRAMOV],
                                        Economic Revival Party, and Birimdik
                                        Party
          Political pressure groups and Council of Free Trade Unions; Kyrgyz
                               leaders: Committee on Human Rights [Ramazan
                                        DYRYLDAYEV]; National Unity
                                        Democratic Movement; Union of
                                        Entrepreneurs
             International organization AsDB, CCC, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE,
                         participation: ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM,
                                        IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO,
                                        IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO
                                        (correspondent), ITU, NAM
                                        (observer), OIC, OPCW (signatory),
                                        OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD,
                                        UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WFTU,
                                        WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
   Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Bakyt
                                        ABDRISAYEV
                                        FAX: [1] (202) 338-5139
                                        consulate(s): New York
                                        telephone: [1] (202) 338-5141
                                        chancery: 1732 Wisconsin Avenue NW,
                                        Washington, DC 20007
     Diplomatic representation from the chief of mission: Ambassador John M.
                                    US: O'KEEFE
                                        embassy: 171 Prospect Mira, 720016
                                        Bishkek
                                        mailing address: use embassy street
                                        address
                                        telephone: [996] (312) 551-241,
                                        (517) 777-217
                                        FAX: [996] (312) 551-264
                      Flag description: red field with a yellow sun in the
                                        center having 40 rays representing
                                        the 40 Kyrgyz tribes; on the obverse
                                        side the rays run counterclockwise,
                                        on the reverse, clockwise; in the
                                        center of the sun is a red ring
                                        crossed by two sets of three lines,
                                        a stylized representation of the
                                        roof of the traditional Kyrgyz yurt
  
   Economy Kyrgyzstan
   ------------------
                    Economy - overview: Kyrgyzstan is a small, poor,
                                        mountainous country with a
                                        predominantly agricultural economy.
                                        Cotton, wool, and meat are the main
                                        agricultural products and exports.
                                        Industrial exports include gold,
                                        mercury, uranium, and electricity.
                                        Kyrgyzstan has been one of the most
                                        progressive countries of the former
                                        Soviet Union in carrying out market
                                        reforms. With fits and starts,
                                        inflation has been lowered to an
                                        estimated 7% in 2001. Much of the
                                        government's stock in enterprises
                                        has been sold. Drops in production
                                        had been severe since the breakup of
                                        the Soviet Union in December 1991,
                                        but by mid-1995 production began to
                                        recover and exports began to
                                        increase. Growth was held down to
                                        2.1% in 1998 largely because of the
                                        spillover from Russia's economic
                                        difficulties, but moved ahead to
                                        3.6% in 1999, 5% in 2000, and 5%
                                        again in 2001. Despite these gains,
                                        poverty indicators are no better in
                                        2001 than in 1996. On the positive
                                        side, the government and the
                                        international financial institutions
                                        have embarked on a comprehensive
                                        medium-term poverty reduction and
                                        economic growth strategy. In
                                        November 2001, with financing
                                        assurance from the Paris Club, the
                                        IMF Board approved a three-year, $93
                                        million Poverty Reduction and Growth
                                        Facility.
                                   GDP: purchasing power parity - $13.5
                                        billion (2001 est.)
                GDP - real growth rate: 5% (2001 est.)
                      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $2,800
                                        (2001 est.)
           GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 38%
                                        industry: 27%
                                        services: 35% (2000 est.)
         Population below poverty line: 55% (2001 est.)
     Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: 2.7%
                      percentage share: highest 10%: 31.7% (1997)
   Distribution of family income - Gini 40.5 (1997)
                                 index:
      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 7% (2001 est.)
                           Labor force: 2.7 million (2000)
           Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 55%, industry 15%,
                                        services 30% (2000 est.)
                     Unemployment rate: 7.2% (1999 est.)
                                Budget: revenues: $207.4 million
                                        expenditures: $238.7 million,
                                        including capital expenditures of
                                        $NA (1999 est.)
                            Industries: small machinery, textiles, food
                                        processing, cement, shoes, sawn
                                        logs, refrigerators, furniture,
                                        electric motors, gold, rare earth
                                        metals
     Industrial production growth rate: 6% (2000 est.)
              Electricity - production: 14.677 billion kWh (2000)
    Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 7.62%
                                        hydro: 92.38%
                                        other: 0% (2000)
                                        nuclear: 0%
             Electricity - consumption: 9.818 billion kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - exports: 4.153 billion kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - imports: 321 million kWh (2000)
                Agriculture - products: tobacco, cotton, potatoes,
                                        vegetables, grapes, fruits and
                                        berries; sheep, goats, cattle, wool
                               Exports: $475 million (f.o.b., 2001 est.)
                 Exports - commodities: cotton, wool, meat, tobacco; gold,
                                        mercury, uranium, hydropower;
                                        machinery; shoes
                    Exports - partners: Germany 28.7%, Uzbekistan 17.7%,
                                        Russia 12.9%, China 8.7%, Kazakhstan
                                        6.6% (2000)
                               Imports: $420 million (f.o.b., 2001 est.)
                 Imports - commodities: oil and gas, machinery and
                                        equipment, foodstuffs
                    Imports - partners: Russia 23.9%, Uzbekistan 13.5%,
                                        Kazakhstan 10.3%, US 9.7%, Turkey
                                        4.8% (2000)
                       Debt - external: $1.6 billion (2001 est.)
              Economic aid - recipient: $50 million from the US (2001)
                              Currency: Kyrgyzstani som (KGS)
                         Currency code: KGS
                        Exchange rates: soms per US dollar - 47.972 (January
                                        2002), 48.378 (2001), 47.704 (2000),
                                        39.008 (1999), 20.838 (1998), 17.362
                                        (1997)
                           Fiscal year: calendar year
  
   Communications Kyrgyzstan
   -------------------------
        Telephones - main lines in use: 351,000 (1997)
          Telephones - mobile cellular: NA
                      Telephone system: general assessment: poorly
                                        developed; about 100,000 unsatisfied
                                        applications for household
                                        telephones
                                        domestic: principally microwave
                                        radio relay; one cellular provider,
                                        probably limited to Bishkek region
                                        international: connections with
                                        other CIS countries by landline or
                                        microwave radio relay and with other
                                        countries by leased connections with
                                        Moscow international gateway switch
                                        and by satellite; satellite earth
                                        stations - 1 Intersputnik and 1
                                        Intelsat; connected internationally
                                        by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE)
                                        fiber-optic line
              Radio broadcast stations: AM 12 (plus 10 repeater stations),
                                        FM 14, shortwave 2 (1998)
                                Radios: 520,000 (1997)
         Television broadcast stations: NA (repeater stations throughout the
                                        country relay programs from Russia,
                                        Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Turkey)
                                        (1997)
                           Televisions: 210,000 (1997)
                 Internet country code: .kg
     Internet Service Providers (ISPs): NA
                        Internet users: 51,600 (2001)
  
   Transportation Kyrgyzstan
   -------------------------
                              Railways: total: 370 km in common carrier
                                        service; does not include industrial
                                        lines
                                        broad gauge: 370 km 1.520-m gauge
                                        (1990)
                              Highways: total: 30,300 km (including 140 km
                                        of expressways)
                                        paved: 22,600 km (includes some all-
                                        weather gravel-surfaced roads)
                                        unpaved: 7,700 km (these roads are
                                        made of unstabilized earth and are
                                        difficult to negotiate in wet
                                        weather) (1990)
                             Waterways: 600 km (1990)
                             Pipelines: natural gas 200 km
                     Ports and harbors: Balykchy (Ysyk-Kol or Rybach'ye)
                              Airports: 50 (2001)
         Airports - with paved runways: total: 4
                                        over 3,047 m: 1
                                        2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2001)
       Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 46
                                        2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
                                        1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
                                        914 to 1,523 m: 6
                                        under 914 m: 32 (2001)
  
   Military Kyrgyzstan
   -------------------
                      Military branches: Army, Air and Air Defense, Security
                                         Forces, Border Troops
       Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age (2002 est.)
       Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 1,234,457 (2002
                                         est.)
    Military manpower - fit for military males age 15-49: 1,001,274 (2002
                                service: est.)
   Military manpower - reaching military males: 50,590 (2002 est.)
                           age annually:
          Military expenditures - dollar $19.2 million (FY01)
                                 figure:
      Military expenditures - percent of 1.4% (FY01)
                                    GDP:
  
   Transnational Issues Kyrgyzstan
   -------------------------------
              Disputes - international: territorial dispute with Tajikistan
                                        on southwestern boundary in Isfara
                                        Valley area; dispute over access to
                                        Sokh and other Uzbek enclaves in
                                        Kyrgyzstan mars progress on boundary
                                        delimitation; disputes over
                                        provision of water and hydroelectric
                                        power to Kazakhstan; periodic target
                                        of Islamic insurgents from
                                        Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and
                                        Afghanistan
                         Illicit drugs: limited illicit cultivator of
                                        cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for
                                        CIS consumption; limited government
                                        eradication program; increasingly
                                        used as transshipment point for
                                        illicit drugs to Russia and Western
                                        Europe from Southwest Asia
  
                                       



Common Misspellings >
Most Popular Searches: Define Misanthrope, Define Pulchritudinous, Define Happy, Define Veracity, Define Cornucopia, Define Almuerzo, Define Atresic, Define URL, Definitions Of Words, Definition Of Get Up, Definition Of Quid Pro Quo, Definition Of Irreconcilable Differences, Definition Of Word, Synonyms of Repetitive, Synonym Dictionary, Synonym Antonyms. See our main index and map index for more details.

©2011-2024 ZebraWords.com - Define Yourself - The Search for Meanings and Meaning Means I Mean. All content subject to terms and conditions as set out here. Contact Us, peruse our Privacy Policy