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| 1. CIA World Factbook 2002 | ||
Holy See (Vatican City)
Introduction Holy See (Vatican City)
------------------------------------
Background: Popes in their secular role ruled
portions of the Italian peninsula
for more than a thousand years until
the mid 19th century, when many of
the Papal States were seized by the
newly united Kingdom of Italy. In
1870, the pope's holdings were
further circumscribed when Rome
itself was annexed. Disputes between
a series of "prisoner" popes and
Italy were resolved in 1929 by three
Lateran Treaties, which established
the independent state of Vatican
City and granted Roman Catholicism
special status in Italy. In 1984, a
concordat between the Holy See and
Italy modified certain of the
earlier treaty provisions, including
the primacy of Roman Catholicism as
the Italian state religion. Present
concerns of the Holy See include the
failing health of Pope John Paul II,
interreligious dialogue and
reconciliation, and the adjustment
of church doctrine in an era of
rapid change and globalization.
About 1 billion people worldwide
profess the Catholic faith.
Geography Holy See (Vatican City)
---------------------------------
Location: Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome
(Italy)
Geographic coordinates: 41 54 N, 12 27 E
Map references: Europe
Area: total: 0.44 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 0.44 sq km
Area - comparative: about 0.7 times the size of The Mall
in Washington, DC
Land boundaries: total: 3.2 km
border countries: Italy 3.2 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
Climate: temperate; mild, rainy winters
(September to mid-May) with hot, dry
summers (May to September)
Terrain: low hill
Elevation extremes: lowest point: unnamed location 19 m
highest point: unnamed location 75 m
Natural resources: none
Land use: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (urban area) (1998 est.)
Irrigated land: 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards: NA
Environment - current issues: NA
Environment - international party to: none of the selected
agreements: agreements
signed, but not ratified: Air
Pollution, Environmental
Modification
Geography - note: urban; landlocked; enclave of Rome,
Italy; world's smallest state;
outside the Vatican City, 13
buildings in Rome and Castel
Gandolfo (the pope's summer
residence) enjoy extraterritorial
rights
People Holy See (Vatican City)
------------------------------
Population: 900 (July 2002 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.15% (2002 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: NA%
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ NA
AIDS:
HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA
Nationality: noun: none
adjective: none
Ethnic groups: Italians, Swiss, other
Religions: Roman Catholic
Languages: Italian, Latin, French, various
other languages
Literacy: definition: NA
total population: 100%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Government Holy See (Vatican City)
----------------------------------
Country name: conventional long form: The Holy See
(State of the Vatican City)
conventional short form: Holy See
(Vatican City)
local short form: Santa Sede (Citta
del Vaticano)
local long form: Santa Sede (Stato
della Citta del Vaticano)
Government type: ecclesiastical
Capital: Vatican City
Administrative divisions: none
Independence: 11 February 1929 (from Italy)
National holiday: Coronation Day of Pope JOHN PAUL II,
22 October (1978)
Constitution: Apostolic Constitution of 1967
(effective 1 March 1968)
Legal system: NA
Suffrage: limited to cardinals less than 80
years old
Executive branch: chief of state: Pope JOHN PAUL II
(since 16 October 1978)
head of government: Secretary of
State Cardinal Angelo SODANO (since
2 December 1990)
cabinet: Pontifical Commission
appointed by the pope
elections: pope elected for life by
the College of Cardinals; election
last held 16 October 1978 (next to
be held after the death of the
current pope); secretary of state
appointed by the pope
election results: Karol WOJTYLA
elected pope
Legislative branch: unicameral Pontifical Commission
Judicial branch: there are three tribunals
responsible for civil and criminal
matters within Vatican City; three
other tribunals rule on issues
pertaining to the Holy See
note: judicial duties were
established by the Motu Proprio of
Pius XII on 1 May 1946
Political parties and leaders: none
Political pressure groups and none (exclusive of influence
leaders: exercised by church officers)
International organization CE (observer), IAEA, ICFTU, IOM
participation: (observer), ITU, NAM (guest), OAS
(observer), OPCW, OSCE, UN
(observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, UPU, WHO
(observer), WIPO, WToO (observer),
WTrO (observer)
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Apostolic Nuncio
Archbishop Gabriel MONTALVO
telephone: [1] (202) 333-7121
FAX: [1] (202) 337-4036
chancery: 3339 Massachusetts Avenue
NW, Washington, DC 20008
Diplomatic representation from the chief of mission: Ambassador R.
US: James "Jim" NICHOLSON
embassy: Villa Domiziana, Via delle
Terme Deciane 26, 00162 Rome
mailing address: PSC 59, Box F, APO
AE 09624
telephone: [39] (06) 4674-3428
FAX: [39] (06) 5758346
Flag description: two vertical bands of yellow (hoist
side) and white with the crossed
keys of Saint Peter and the papal
miter centered in the white band
Economy Holy See (Vatican City)
-------------------------------
Economy - overview: This unique, noncommercial economy
is supported financially by
contributions (known as Peter's
Pence) from Roman Catholics
throughout the world, the sale of
postage stamps and tourist mementos,
fees for admission to museums, and
the sale of publications. The
incomes and living standards of lay
workers are comparable to, or
somewhat better than, those of
counterparts who work in the city of
Rome.
Population below poverty line: NA%
Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: NA%
percentage share: highest 10%: NA%
Labor force: NA
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture NA%, industry NA%,
services NA%; note - dignitaries,
priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay
workers live outside the Vatican
Budget: revenues: $209.6 million
expenditures: $198.5 million,
including capital expenditures of
$NA (1997)
Industries: printing and production of a small
amount of mosaics and staff
uniforms; worldwide banking and
financial activities
Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: NA%
hydro: NA%
nuclear: NA%
other: NA%
Electricity - consumption: NA kWh
Electricity - imports: NA kWh; note - electricity supplied
by Italy
Economic aid - recipient: none
Currency: euro (EUR); Italian lira (ITL)
Currency code: EUR; ITL
Exchange rates: euros per US dollar - 1.1324
(January 2002), 1.1175 (2001),
1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999);
Vatican lire per US dollar - 2,099
(2000), 1817.2 (1999), 1,736.2
(1998), 1,703.1 (1997); note - the
Vatican lira is at par with the
Italian lira; the Vatican started
using euros in 2002 in conjunction
with Italy at a fixed rate of
1,936.17 lire per euro
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications Holy See (Vatican City)
--------------------------------------
Telephones - main lines in use: NA
Telephones - mobile cellular: NA
Telephone system: general assessment: automatic
exchange
domestic: tied into Italian system
international: uses Italian system
Radio broadcast stations: AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios: NA
Television broadcast stations: 1 (1996)
Televisions: NA
Internet country code: .va
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): NA
Internet users: NA
Transportation Holy See (Vatican City)
--------------------------------------
Railways: total: 0.86 km
standard gauge: 0.86 km 1.435-
m gauge
note: a spur of the Italian Railways
system, serving Rome's Saint Peter's
station (2001 est.)
Highways: none; all city streets
Waterways: none
Ports and harbors: none
Airports: none (2001)
Heliports: 1 (2001)
Military Holy See (Vatican City)
--------------------------------
Military branches: Swiss Guards Corps (Corpo della
Guardia Svizzera)
Military - note: defense is the responsibility of
Italy; Swiss Papal Guards are posted
at entrances to the Vatican City to
provide security and protect the
Pope
Transnational Issues Holy See (Vatican City)
--------------------------------------------
Disputes - international: none
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