School \School\, n. [OE. scole, AS. sc?lu, L. schola, Gr. ?
leisure, that in which leisure is employed, disputation,
lecture, a school, probably from the same root as ?, the
original sense being perhaps, a stopping, a resting. See
Scheme.]
1. A place for learned intercourse and instruction; an
institution for learning; an educational establishment; a
place for acquiring knowledge and mental training; as, the
school of the prophets.
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Disputing daily in the school of one Tyrannus.
--Acts xix. 9.
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2. A place of primary instruction; an establishment for the
instruction of children; as, a primary school; a common
school; a grammar school.
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As he sat in the school at his primer. --Chaucer.
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3. A session of an institution of instruction.
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How now, Sir Hugh! No school to-day? --Shak.
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4. One of the seminaries for teaching logic, metaphysics, and
theology, which were formed in the Middle Ages, and which
were characterized by academical disputations and
subtilties of reasoning.
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At Cambridge the philosophy of Descartes was still
dominant in the schools. --Macaulay.
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5. The room or hall in English universities where the
examinations for degrees and honors are held.
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6. An assemblage of scholars; those who attend upon
instruction in a school of any kind; a body of pupils.
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What is the great community of Christians, but one
of the innumerable schools in the vast plan which
God has instituted for the education of various
intelligences? --Buckminster.
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7. The disciples or followers of a teacher; those who hold a
common doctrine, or accept the same teachings; a sect or
denomination in philosophy, theology, science, medicine,
politics, etc.
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Let no man be less confident in his faith . . . by
reason of any difference in the several schools of
Christians. --Jer. Taylor.
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8. The canons, precepts, or body of opinion or practice,
sanctioned by the authority of a particular class or age;
as, he was a gentleman of the old school.
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His face pale but striking, though not handsome
after the schools. --A. S. Hardy.
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9. Figuratively, any means of knowledge or discipline; as,
the school of experience.
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Boarding school, Common school, District school,
Normal school, etc. See under Boarding, Common,
District, etc.
High school, a free public school nearest the rank of a
college. [U. S.]
School board, a corporation established by law in every
borough or parish in England, and elected by the burgesses
or ratepayers, with the duty of providing public school
accommodation for all children in their district.
School committee, School board, an elected committee of
citizens having charge and care of the public schools in
any district, town, or city, and responsible for control
of the money appropriated for school purposes. [U. S.]
School days, the period in which youth are sent to school.
School district, a division of a town or city for
establishing and conducting schools. [U.S.]
Sunday school, or Sabbath school, a school held on Sunday
for study of the Bible and for religious instruction; the
pupils, or the teachers and pupils, of such a school,
collectively.
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Normal \Nor"mal\ (n[^o]r"mal), a. [L. normalis, fr. norma rule,
pattern, carpenter's square; prob. akin to noscere to know;
cf. Gr. gnw`rimos well known, gnw`mwn gnomon, also,
carpenter's square: cf. F. normal. See Known, and cf.
Abnormal, Enormous.]
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1. According to an established norm, rule, or principle;
conformed to a type, standard, or regular form; performing
the proper functions; not abnormal; regular; natural;
analogical.
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Deviations from the normal type. --Hallam.
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2. (Geom.) According to a square or rule; perpendicular;
forming a right angle; as, a line normal to the base.
Specifically: Of or pertaining to a normal.
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3. (Chem.) Standard; original; exact; typical. Specifically:
(a) (Quantitative Analysis) Denoting a solution of such
strength that every cubic centimeter contains the same
number of milligrams of the element in question as the
number of its molecular weight.
(b) (Chem.) Denoting certain hypothetical compounds, as
acids from which the real acids are obtained by
dehydration; thus, normal sulphuric acid and normal
nitric acid are respectively S(OH)6, and N(OH)5.
(c) (Organ. Chem.) Denoting that series of hydrocarbons in
which no carbon atom is bound to more than two other
carbon atoms; as, normal pentane, hexane, etc. Cf.
Iso-.
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Normal equations (Method of Least Squares), a set of
equations of the first degree equal in number to the
number of unknown quantities, and derived from the
observations by a specified process. The solution of the
normal equations gives the most probable values of the
unknown quantities.
Normal group (Geol.), a group of rocks taken as a standard.
--Lyell.
Normal place (of a planet or comet) (Astron.), the apparent
place in the heavens of a planet or comet at a specified
time, the place having been determined by a considerable
number of observations, extending perhaps over many days,
and so combined that the accidental errors of observation
have largely balanced each other.
Normal school, a school whose methods of instruction are to
serve as a model for imitation; an institution for the
training of teachers.
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Syn: Normal, Regular, Ordinary.
Usage: Regular and ordinary are popular terms of well-known
signification; normal has now a more specific sense,
arising out of its use in science. A thing is normal,
or in its normal state, when strictly conformed to
those principles of its constitution which mark its
species or to the standard of a healthy and natural
condition. It is abnormal when it departs from those
principles.
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