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1. WordNet® 3.0 (2006)
machine language
    n 1: a programming language designed for use on a specific class
         of computers [syn: computer language, computer-oriented
         language, machine language, machine-oriented language]
    2: a set of instructions coded so that the computer can use it
       directly without further translation [syn: machine code,
       machine language]

2. The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
Language \Lan"guage\, n. [OE. langage, F. langage, fr. L. lingua
   the tongue, hence speech, language; akin to E. tongue. See
   Tongue, cf. Lingual.]
   [1913 Webster]
   1. Any means of conveying or communicating ideas;
      specifically, human speech; the expression of ideas by the
      voice; sounds, expressive of thought, articulated by the
      organs of the throat and mouth.
      [1913 Webster]

   Note: Language consists in the oral utterance of sounds which
         usage has made the representatives of ideas. When two
         or more persons customarily annex the same sounds to
         the same ideas, the expression of these sounds by one
         person communicates his ideas to another. This is the
         primary sense of language, the use of which is to
         communicate the thoughts of one person to another
         through the organs of hearing. Articulate sounds are
         represented to the eye by letters, marks, or
         characters, which form words.
         [1913 Webster]

   2. The expression of ideas by writing, or any other
      instrumentality.
      [1913 Webster]

   3. The forms of speech, or the methods of expressing ideas,
      peculiar to a particular nation.
      [1913 Webster]

   4. The characteristic mode of arranging words, peculiar to an
      individual speaker or writer; manner of expression; style.
      [1913 Webster]

            Others for language all their care express. --Pope.
      [1913 Webster]

   5. The inarticulate sounds by which animals inferior to man
      express their feelings or their wants.
      [1913 Webster]

   6. The suggestion, by objects, actions, or conditions, of
      ideas associated therewith; as, the language of flowers.
      [1913 Webster]

            There was . . . language in their very gesture.
                                                  --Shak.
      [1913 Webster]

   7. The vocabulary and phraseology belonging to an art or
      department of knowledge; as, medical language; the
      language of chemistry or theology.
      [1913 Webster]

   8. A race, as distinguished by its speech. [R.]
      [1913 Webster]

            All the people, the nations, and the languages, fell
            down and worshiped the golden image.  --Dan. iii. 7.
      [1913 Webster]

   9. Any system of symbols created for the purpose of
      communicating ideas, emotions, commands, etc., between
      sentient agents.
      [PJC]

   10. Specifically: (computers) Any set of symbols and the
       rules for combining them which are used to specify to a
       computer the actions that it is to take; also referred to
       as a computer lanugage or programming language; as,
       JAVA is a new and flexible high-level language which has
       achieved popularity very rapidly.
       [PJC]

   Note: Computer languages are classed a low-level if each
         instruction specifies only one operation of the
         computer, or high-level if each instruction may specify
         a complex combination of operations. Machine language
         and assembly language are low-level computer
         languages. FORTRAN, COBOL and C are high-level
         computer languages. Other computer languages, such as
         JAVA, allow even more complex combinations of low-level
         operations to be performed with a single command. Many
         programs, such as databases, are supplied with special
         languages adapted to manipulate the objects of concern
         for that specific program. These are also high-level
         languages.
         [PJC]

   Language master, a teacher of languages. [Obs.]

   Syn: Speech; tongue; idiom; dialect; phraseology; diction;
        discourse; conversation; talk.

   Usage: Language, Speech, Tongue, Idiom, Dialect.
          Language is generic, denoting, in its most extended
          use, any mode of conveying ideas; speech is the
          language of articulate sounds; tongue is the
          Anglo-Saxon term for language, esp. for spoken
          language; as, the English tongue. Idiom denotes the
          forms of construction peculiar to a particular
          language; dialects are varieties of expression which
          spring up in different parts of a country among people
          speaking substantially the same language.
          [1913 Webster]

3. The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
machine language \machine language\ n. (Computers)
   a set of instructions[3] in a binary form that can be
   executed directly by the CPU of a computer without
   translation by a computer program.

   Syn: machine code, binary code.
        [WordNet 1.5 +PJC] machinelike

4. The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (30 December 2018)
machine code
machine language

    The representation of a computer program that is
   read and interpreted by the computer hardware (rather than by
   some other machine code program).  A program in machine code
   consists of a sequence of "instructions" (possibly
   interspersed with data).  An instruction is a binary string,
   (often written as one or more octal, decimal or
   hexadecimal numbers).  Instructions may be all the same size
   (e.g. one 32-bit word for many modern RISC
   microprocessors) or of different sizes, in which case the
   size of the instruction is determined from the first word
   (e.g. Motorola 68000) or byte (e.g. Inmos
   transputer).  The collection of all possible instructions
   for a particular computer is known as its "instruction set".

   Each instruction typically causes the Central Processing
   Unit to perform some fairly simple operation like loading a
   value from memory into a register or adding the numbers in
   two registers.  An instruction consists of an op code and
   zero or more operands.  Different processors have different
   instruction sets - the collection of possible operations
   they can perform.

   Execution of machine code may either be hard-wired into the
   central processing unit or it may be controlled by
   microcode.  The basic execution cycle consists of fetching
   the next instruction from main memory, decoding it
   (determining which action the operation code specifies and
   the location of any arguments) and executing it by opening
   various gates (e.g. to allow data to flow from main memory
   into a CPU register) and enabling functional units
   (e.g. signalling to the ALU to perform an addition).

   Humans almost never write programs directly in machine code.
   Instead, they use programming languages.  The simplest kind
   of programming language is assembly language which usually
   has a one-to-one correspondence with the resulting machine
   code instructions but allows the use of mnemonics (ASCII
   strings) for the "op codes" (the part of the instruction
   which encodes the basic type of operation to perform) and
   names for locations in the program (branch labels) and for
   variables and constants.  Other languages are either
   translated by a compiler into machine code or executed by an
   interpreter

   (2009-06-16)


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