justice
    n 1: the quality of being just or fair [syn: justice,
         justness] [ant: injustice, unjustness]
    2: judgment involved in the determination of rights and the
       assignment of rewards and punishments
    3: a public official authorized to decide questions brought
       before a court of justice [syn: judge, justice, jurist]
    4: the United States federal department responsible for
       enforcing federal laws (including the enforcement of all
       civil rights legislation); created in 1870 [syn: Department
       of Justice, Justice Department, Justice, DoJ]

Justice \Jus"tice\ (j[u^]s"t[i^]s), n. [F., fr. L. justitia, fr.
   justus just. See Just, a.]
   [1913 Webster]
   1. The quality of being just; conformity to the principles of
      righteousness and rectitude in all things; strict
      performance of moral obligations; practical conformity to
      human or divine law; integrity in the dealings of men with
      each other; rectitude; equity; uprightness.
      [1913 Webster]

            Justice and judgment are the haditation of thy
            throne.                               --Ps. ixxxix.
                                                  11.
      [1913 Webster]

            The king-becoming graces,
            As justice, verity, temperance, stableness, . . .
            I have no relish of them.             --Shak.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. Conformity to truth and reality in expressing opinions and
      in conduct; fair representation of facts respecting merit
      or demerit; honesty; fidelity; impartiality; as, the
      justice of a description or of a judgment; historical
      justice.
      [1913 Webster]

   3. The rendering to every one his due or right; just
      treatment; requital of desert; merited reward or
      punishment; that which is due to one's conduct or motives.
      [1913 Webster]

            This even-handed justice
            Commends the ingredients of our poisoned chalice
            To our own lips.                      --Shak.
      [1913 Webster]

   4. Agreeableness to right; equity; justness; as, the justice
      of a claim.
      [1913 Webster]

   5. A person duly commissioned to hold courts, or to try and
      decide controversies and administer justice.
      [1913 Webster]

   Note: This title is given to the judges of the common law
         courts in England and in the United States, and extends
         to judicial officers and magistrates of every grade.
         [1913 Webster]

   Bed of justice. See under Bed.

   Chief justice. See in the Vocabulary.

   Justice of the peace (Law), a judicial officer or
      subordinate magistrate appointed for the conservation of
      the peace in a specified district, with other incidental
      powers specified in his commission. In the United States a
      justice of the peace has jurisdiction to adjudicate
      certain minor cases, commit offenders, officiate at
      marriages, etc.; abbreviated JP.

   Syn: Equity; law; right; rectitude; honesty; integrity;
        uprightness; fairness; impartiality.

   Usage: Justice, Equity, Law. Justice and equity are the
          same; but human laws, though designed to secure
          justice, are of necessity imperfect, and hence what is
          strictly legal is at times far from being equitable or
          just. Here a court of equity comes in to redress the
          grievances. It does so, as distinguished from courts
          of law; and as the latter are often styled courts of
          justice, some have fancied that there is in this case
          a conflict between justice and equity. The real
          conflict is against the working of the law; this a
          court of equity brings into accordance with the claims
          of justice. It would be an unfortunate use of language
          which should lead any one to imagine he might have
          justice on his side while practicing iniquity
          (inequity). Justice, Rectitude. Rectitude, in its
          widest sense, is one of the most comprehensive words
          in our language, denoting absolute conformity to the
          rule of right in principle and practice. Justice
          refers more especially to the carrying out of law, and
          has been considered by moralists as of three kinds:
          (1) Commutative justice, which gives every man his own
          property, including things pledged by promise. (2)
          Distributive justice, which gives every man his exact
          deserts. (3) General justice, which carries out all
          the ends of law, though not in every case through the
          precise channels of commutative or distributive
          justice; as we see often done by a parent or a ruler
          in his dealings with those who are subject to his
          control.
          [1913 Webster]

Justice \Jus"tice\, v. t.
   To administer justice to. [Obs.] --Bacon.
   [1913 Webster]

Justice
   is rendering to every one that which is his due. It has been
   distinguished from equity in this respect, that while justice
   means merely the doing what positive law demands, equity means
   the doing of what is fair and right in every separate case.
   

JUSTICE. The constant and perpetual disposition to render every man his due. 
Just. Inst. B. 1, tit. 1. Toullier defines it to be the conformity of our 
actions and our will to the law. Dr. Civ. Fr. tit. prel. n. 5. In the most 
extensive sense of the word, it differs little from virtue, for it includes 
within itself the whole circle of virtues. Yet the common distinction 
between them is that that which considered positively and in itself, is 
called virtue, when considered relatively and with respect to others, has 
the name of justice. But justice being in itself a part of virtue, is 
confined to things simply good or evil, and consists in a man's taking such 
a proportion of them as he ought. 
     2. Justice is either distributive or commutative. Distributive justice 
is that virtue whose object is to distribute rewards and punishments to each 
one according to his merits, observing a just proportion by comparing one 
person or fact with another, so that neither equal persons have unequal 
things, nor unequal persons things equal. Tr. of Eq. 3, and Toullier's 
learned note, Dr. Civ. Fr. tit. prel. n. 7, note. 
     3. Commutative justice is that virtue whose object it is to render to 
every one what belongs to him, as nearly as may be, or that which governs 
contracts. To render commutative justice, the judge must make an equality 
between the parties, that no one may be a gainer by another's loss. Tr. Eq. 
3. 
     4. Toullier exposes the want of utility and exactness in this division 
of distributive and commutative justice, adopted in the compendium or 
abridgments of the ancient doctors, and prefers the division of internal and 
external justice; the first being a conformity of our will, and the latter a 
conformity of our actions to the law: their union making perfect justice. 
Exterior justice is the object of jurisprudence; interior justice is the 
object of morality. Dr. Civ. Fr. tit. prel. n. 6 et 7. 
     5. According to the Frederician code, part 1, book 1, tit. 2, s. 27, 
justice consists simply in letting every one enjoy the rights which he has 
acquired in virtue of the laws. And as this definition includes all the 
other rules of right, there is properly but one single general rule of 
right, namely, Give every one his own. See, generally, Puffend. Law of 
Nature and Nations, B. 1, c. 7, s. 89; Elementorum Jurisprudentiae 
Universalis, lib. 1, definito, 17, 3, 1; Geo. Lib. 2, c. 11, s. 3; Ld. Bac. 
Read. Stat. Uses, 306; Treatise of Equity, B. 1, c. 1, s. 1. 

JUSTICE, n.  A commodity which is a more or less adulterated condition
the State sells to the citizen as a reward for his allegiance, taxes
and personal service.

Justice, IL -- U.S. village in Illinois
   Population (2000):    12193
   Housing Units (2000): 4772
   Land area (2000):     2.911751 sq. miles (7.541401 sq. km)
   Water area (2000):    0.041734 sq. miles (0.108091 sq. km)
   Total area (2000):    2.953485 sq. miles (7.649492 sq. km)
   FIPS code:            38830
   Located within:       Illinois (IL), FIPS 17
   Location:             41.746382 N, 87.834402 W
   ZIP Codes (1990):     60458
   Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
   Headwords:
    Justice, IL
    Justice

Justice, OK -- U.S. Census Designated Place in Oklahoma
   Population (2000):    1311
   Housing Units (2000): 480
   Land area (2000):     8.957846 sq. miles (23.200714 sq. km)
   Water area (2000):    0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
   Total area (2000):    8.957846 sq. miles (23.200714 sq. km)
   FIPS code:            38475
   Located within:       Oklahoma (OK), FIPS 40
   Location:             36.283225 N, 95.575093 W
   ZIP Codes (1990):    
   Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
   Headwords:
    Justice, OK
    Justice