chain
    n 1: a series of things depending on each other as if linked
         together; "the chain of command"; "a complicated
         concatenation of circumstances" [syn: chain,
         concatenation]
    2: (chemistry) a series of linked atoms (generally in an organic
       molecule) [syn: chain, chemical chain]
    3: a series of (usually metal) rings or links fitted into one
       another to make a flexible ligament
    4: (business) a number of similar establishments (stores or
       restaurants or banks or hotels or theaters) under one
       ownership
    5: anything that acts as a restraint
    6: a unit of length
    7: British biochemist (born in Germany) who isolated and
       purified penicillin, which had been discovered in 1928 by Sir
       Alexander Fleming (1906-1979) [syn: Chain, Ernst Boris
       Chain, Sir Ernst Boris Chain]
    8: a series of hills or mountains; "the valley was between two
       ranges of hills"; "the plains lay just beyond the mountain
       range" [syn: range, mountain range, range of mountains,
       chain, mountain chain, chain of mountains]
    9: a linked or connected series of objects; "a chain of daisies"
    10: a necklace made by a stringing objects together; "a string
        of beads"; "a strand of pearls"; [syn: chain, string,
        strand]
    v 1: connect or arrange into a chain by linking
    2: fasten or secure with chains; "Chain the chairs together"
       [ant: unchain]

Chain \Chain\ (ch[=a]n), n. [F. cha[^i]ne, fr. L. catena. Cf.
   Catenate.]
   1. A series of links or rings, usually of metal, connected,
      or fitted into one another, used for various purposes, as
      of support, of restraint, of ornament, of the exertion and
      transmission of mechanical power, etc.
      [1913 Webster]

            [They] put a chain of gold about his neck. --Dan. v.
                                                  29.
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   2. That which confines, fetters, or secures, as a chain; a
      bond; as, the chains of habit.
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            Driven down
            To chains of darkness and the undying worm.
                                                  --Milton.
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   3. A series of things linked together; or a series of things
      connected and following each other in succession; as, a
      chain of mountains; a chain of events or ideas.
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   4. (Surv.) An instrument which consists of links and is used
      in measuring land.
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   Note: One commonly in use is Gunter's chain, which consists
         of one hundred links, each link being seven inches and
         ninety-two one hundredths in length; making up the
         total length of rods, or sixty-six, feet; hence, a
         measure of that length; hence, also, a unit for land
         measure equal to four rods square, or one tenth of an
         acre.
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   5. pl. (Naut.) Iron links bolted to the side of a vessel to
      bold the dead-eyes connected with the shrouds; also, the
      channels.
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   6. (Weaving) The warp threads of a web. --Knight.
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   Chain belt (Mach.), a belt made of a chain; -- used for
      transmitting power.

   Chain boat, a boat fitted up for recovering lost cables,
      anchors, etc.

   Chain bolt
      (a) (Naut.) The bolt at the lower end of the chain plate,
          which fastens it to the vessel's side.
      (b) A bolt with a chain attached for drawing it out of
          position.

   Chain bond. See Chain timber.

   Chain bridge, a bridge supported by chain cables; a
      suspension bridge.

   Chain cable, a cable made of iron links.

   Chain coral (Zool.), a fossil coral of the genus
      Halysites, common in the middle and upper Silurian
      rocks. The tubular corallites are united side by side in
      groups, looking in an end view like links of a chain. When
      perfect, the calicles show twelve septa.

   Chain coupling.
      (a) A shackle for uniting lengths of chain, or connecting
          a chain with an object.
      (b) (Railroad) Supplementary coupling together of cars
          with a chain.

   Chain gang, a gang of convicts chained together.

   Chain hook (Naut.), a hook, used for dragging cables about
      the deck.

   Chain mail, flexible, defensive armor of hammered metal
      links wrought into the form of a garment.

   Chain molding (Arch.), a form of molding in imitation of a
      chain, used in the Normal style.

   Chain pier, a pier suspended by chain.

   Chain pipe (Naut.), an opening in the deck, lined with
      iron, through which the cable is passed into the lockers
      or tiers.

   Chain plate (Shipbuilding), one of the iron plates or
      bands, on a vessel's side, to which the standing rigging
      is fastened.

   Chain pulley, a pulley with depressions in the periphery of
      its wheel, or projections from it, made to fit the links
      of a chain.

   Chain pumps. See in the Vocabulary.

   Chain rule (Arith.), a theorem for solving numerical
      problems by composition of ratios, or compound proportion,
      by which, when several ratios of equality are given, the
      consequent of each being the same as the antecedent of the
      next, the relation between the first antecedent and the
      last consequent is discovered.

   Chain shot (Mil.), two cannon balls united by a shot chain,
      formerly used in naval warfare on account of their
      destructive effect on a ship's rigging.

   Chain stitch. See in the Vocabulary.

   Chain timber. (Arch.) See Bond timber, under Bond.

   Chain wales. (Naut.) Same as Channels.

   Chain wheel. See in the Vocabulary.

   Closed chain, Open chain (Chem.), terms applied to the
      chemical structure of compounds whose rational formul[ae]
      are written respectively in the form of a closed ring (see
      Benzene nucleus, under Benzene), or in an open
      extended form.

   Endless chain, a chain whose ends have been united by a
      link.
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Chain \Chain\, v. t. [imp. p. p. Chained (ch[=a]nd); p. pr. &
   vb. n. Chaining.]
   1. To fasten, bind, or connect with a chain; to fasten or
      bind securely, as with a chain; as, to chain a bulldog.
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            Chained behind the hostile car.       --Prior.
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   2. To keep in slavery; to enslave.
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            And which more blest? who chained his country, say
            Or he whose virtue sighed to lose a day? --Pope.
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   3. To unite closely and strongly.
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            And in this vow do chain my soul to thine. --Shak.
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   4. (Surveying) To measure with the chain.
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   5. To protect by drawing a chain across, as a harbor.
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chain


    1. vi. [orig. from BASIC's CHAIN statement] To hand off execution to a
    child or successor without going through the OS command interpreter that
    invoked it. The state of the parent program is lost and there is no
    returning to it. Though this facility used to be common on memory-limited
    micros and is still widely supported for backward compatibility, the jargon
    usage is semi-obsolescent; in particular, most Unix programmers will think
    of this as an exec. Oppose the more modern subshell.

    2. n. A series of linked data areas within an operating system or
    application. Chain rattling is the process of repeatedly running through
    the linked data areas searching for one which is of interest to the
    executing program. The implication is that there is a very large number of
    links on the chain.

chain

   1.  (From BASIC's "CHAIN" statement) To
   pass control to a child or successor without going through the
   operating system command interpreter that invoked you.
   The state of the parent program is lost and there is no
   returning to it.  Though this facility used to be common on
   memory-limited microcomputers and is still widely supported
   for backward compatibility, the jargon usage is
   semi-obsolescent; in particular, Unix calls this exec.

   Compare with the more modern "subshell".

   2.  A series of linked data areas within an
   operating system or application program.  "Chain rattling"
   is the process of repeatedly running through the linked data
   areas searching for one which is of interest.  The implication
   is that there are many links in the chain.

   3.  A possibly infinite, non-decreasing sequence of
   elements of some total ordering, S

   	x0 <= x1 <= x2 ...

   A chain satisfies:

   	for all x,y in S, x <= y \/ y <= x.

   I.e. any two elements of a chain are related.

   ("<=" is written in LaTeX as \sqsubseteq).

   [Jargon File]

   (1995-02-03)

Chain
   (1.) A part of the insignia of office. A chain of gold was
   placed about Joseph's neck (Gen. 41:42); and one was promised to
   Daniel (5:7). It is used as a symbol of sovereignty (Ezek.
   16:11). The breast-plate of the high-priest was fastened to the
   ephod by golden chains (Ex. 39:17, 21).
   
     (2.) It was used as an ornament (Prov. 1:9; Cant. 1:10). The
   Midianites adorned the necks of their camels with chains (Judg.
   8:21, 26).
   
     (3.) Chains were also used as fetters wherewith prisoners were
   bound (Judg. 16:21; 2 Sam. 3:34; 2 Kings 25:7; Jer. 39:7). Paul
   was in this manner bound to a Roman soldier (Acts 28:20; Eph.
   6:20; 2 Tim. 1:16). Sometimes, for the sake of greater security,
   the prisoner was attached by two chains to two soldiers, as in
   the case of Peter (Acts 12:6).