carbon
    n 1: an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in
         three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and
         diamond; occurs in all organic compounds [syn: carbon,
         C, atomic number 6]
    2: a thin paper coated on one side with a dark waxy substance
       (often containing carbon); used to transfer characters from
       the original to an under sheet of paper [syn: carbon paper,
       carbon]
    3: a copy made with carbon paper [syn: carbon, carbon copy]

Carbon \Car"bon\ (k[aum]r"b[o^]n), n. [F. carbone, fr. L. carbo
   coal; cf. Skr. [,c]r[=a] to cook.] (Chem.)
   1. An elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which
      is present in all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97.
      Symbol C. it is combustible, and forms the base of
      lampblack and charcoal, and enters largely into mineral
      coals. In its pure crystallized state it constitutes the
      diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in
      monometric crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another
      modification is graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is
      soft, and occurs in hexagonal prisms or tables. When
      united with oxygen it forms carbon dioxide, commonly
      called carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide, according to the
      proportions of the oxygen; when united with hydrogen, it
      forms various compounds called hydrocarbons. Compare
      Diamond, and Graphite.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. (Elec.) A carbon rod or pencil used in an arc lamp; also,
      a plate or piece of carbon used as one of the elements of
      a voltaic battery.
      [Webster 1913 Suppl.]

   3. a sheet of carbon paper.
      [PJC]

   4. a carbon copy.
      [PJC]

   Carbon compounds, Compounds of carbon (Chem.), those
      compounds consisting largely of carbon, commonly produced
      by animals and plants, and hence called organic compounds,
      though their synthesis may be effected in many cases in
      the laboratory.
      [1913 Webster]

            The formation of the compounds of carbon is not
            dependent upon the life process.      --I. Remsen

   carbon copy, originally, a copy of a document made by use
      of a carbon paper, but now used generally to refer to
      any copy of a document made by a mechanical process, such
      as xerographic copying.

   Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide. (Chem.) See under
      Carbonic.

   Carbon light (Elec.), an extremely brilliant electric light
      produced by passing a galvanic current through two carbon
      points kept constantly with their apexes neary in contact.
      

   Carbon point (Elec.), a small cylinder or bit of gas carbon
      moved forward by clockwork so that, as it is burned away
      by the electric current, it shall constantly maintain its
      proper relation to the opposing point.

   Carbon paper, a thin type of paper coated with a
      dark-colored waxy substance which can be transferred to
      another sheet of paper underneath it by pressing on the
      carbon paper. It is used by placing a sheet between two
      sheets of ordinary writing paper, and then writing or
      typing on the top sheet, by which process a copy of the
      writing or typing is transferred to the second sheet
      below, making a copy without the need for writing or
      typing a second time. Multiple sheets may be used, with a
      carbon paper placed above each plain paper to which an
      impression is to be transferred. In 1997 such paper was
      still used, particularly to make multiple copies of
      filled-in purchase invoice forms, but in most applications
      this technique has been superseded by the more faithful
      xerographic reproduction and computerized printing
      processes.

   Carbon tissue, paper coated with gelatine and pigment, used
      in the autotype process of photography. --Abney.

   Gas carbon, a compact variety of carbon obtained as an
      incrustation on the interior of gas retorts, and used for
      the manufacture of the carbon rods of pencils for the
      voltaic, arc, and for the plates of voltaic batteries,
      etc.
      [1913 Webster]

carbon
Symbol: C
Atomic number: 6
Atomic weight: 12.01115
Carbon is a member of group 14 of the periodic table. It has three
allotropic forms of it, diamonds, graphite and fullerite. Carbon-14
is commonly used in radioactive dating. Carbon occurs in all organic
life
and is the basis of organic chemistry. Carbon has the interesting
chemical
property of being able to bond with itself, and a wide variety of other
elements.

Carbon -- U.S. County in Montana
   Population (2000):    9552
   Housing Units (2000): 5494
   Land area (2000):     2047.991068 sq. miles (5304.272289 sq. km)
   Water area (2000):    14.195141 sq. miles (36.765246 sq. km)
   Total area (2000):    2062.186209 sq. miles (5341.037535 sq. km)
   Located within:       Montana (MT), FIPS 30
   Location:             45.313192 N, 109.087584 W
   Headwords:
    Carbon
    Carbon, MT
    Carbon County
    Carbon County, MT

Carbon -- U.S. County in Pennsylvania
   Population (2000):    58802
   Housing Units (2000): 30492
   Land area (2000):     381.037035 sq. miles (986.881348 sq. km)
   Water area (2000):    6.197095 sq. miles (16.050401 sq. km)
   Total area (2000):    387.234130 sq. miles (1002.931749 sq. km)
   Located within:       Pennsylvania (PA), FIPS 42
   Location:             40.887766 N, 75.704111 W
   Headwords:
    Carbon
    Carbon, PA
    Carbon County
    Carbon County, PA

Carbon -- U.S. County in Utah
   Population (2000):    20422
   Housing Units (2000): 8741
   Land area (2000):     1478.457821 sq. miles (3829.188016 sq. km)
   Water area (2000):    6.115818 sq. miles (15.839896 sq. km)
   Total area (2000):    1484.573639 sq. miles (3845.027912 sq. km)
   Located within:       Utah (UT), FIPS 49
   Location:             39.627056 N, 110.767483 W
   Headwords:
    Carbon
    Carbon, UT
    Carbon County
    Carbon County, UT

Carbon -- U.S. County in Wyoming
   Population (2000):    15639
   Housing Units (2000): 8307
   Land area (2000):     7896.138587 sq. miles (20450.904187 sq. km)
   Water area (2000):    67.892012 sq. miles (175.839496 sq. km)
   Total area (2000):    7964.030599 sq. miles (20626.743683 sq. km)
   Located within:       Wyoming (WY), FIPS 56
   Location:             41.698637 N, 106.906874 W
   Headwords:
    Carbon
    Carbon, WY
    Carbon County
    Carbon County, WY

Carbon, IN -- U.S. town in Indiana
   Population (2000):    334
   Housing Units (2000): 136
   Land area (2000):     0.158337 sq. miles (0.410090 sq. km)
   Water area (2000):    0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
   Total area (2000):    0.158337 sq. miles (0.410090 sq. km)
   FIPS code:            10198
   Located within:       Indiana (IN), FIPS 18
   Location:             39.598974 N, 87.107510 W
   ZIP Codes (1990):     47837
   Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
   Headwords:
    Carbon, IN
    Carbon

Carbon, IA -- U.S. city in Iowa
   Population (2000):    28
   Housing Units (2000): 28
   Land area (2000):     0.708502 sq. miles (1.835011 sq. km)
   Water area (2000):    0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
   Total area (2000):    0.708502 sq. miles (1.835011 sq. km)
   FIPS code:            10585
   Located within:       Iowa (IA), FIPS 19
   Location:             41.050208 N, 94.825171 W
   ZIP Codes (1990):    
   Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
   Headwords:
    Carbon, IA
    Carbon

Carbon, TX -- U.S. town in Texas
   Population (2000):    224
   Housing Units (2000): 120
   Land area (2000):     1.019955 sq. miles (2.641672 sq. km)
   Water area (2000):    0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
   Total area (2000):    1.019955 sq. miles (2.641672 sq. km)
   FIPS code:            12736
   Located within:       Texas (TX), FIPS 48
   Location:             32.270302 N, 98.828445 W
   ZIP Codes (1990):     76435
   Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
   Headwords:
    Carbon, TX
    Carbon