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Dictionary Results for bill:
1. WordNet® 3.0 (2006)
bill
    n 1: a statute in draft before it becomes law; "they held a
         public hearing on the bill" [syn: bill, measure]
    2: an itemized statement of money owed for goods shipped or
       services rendered; "he paid his bill and left"; "send me an
       account of what I owe" [syn: bill, account, invoice]
    3: a piece of paper money (especially one issued by a central
       bank); "he peeled off five one-thousand-zloty notes" [syn:
       bill, note, government note, bank bill, banker's
       bill, bank note, banknote, Federal Reserve note,
       greenback]
    4: the entertainment offered at a public presentation
    5: an advertisement (usually printed on a page or in a leaflet)
       intended for wide distribution; "he mailed the circular to
       all subscribers" [syn: circular, handbill, bill,
       broadside, broadsheet, flier, flyer, throwaway]
    6: a sign posted in a public place as an advertisement; "a
       poster advertised the coming attractions" [syn: poster,
       posting, placard, notice, bill, card]
    7: a list of particulars (as a playbill or bill of fare)
    8: a long-handled saw with a curved blade; "he used a bill to
       prune branches off of the tree" [syn: bill, billhook]
    9: a brim that projects to the front to shade the eyes; "he
       pulled down the bill of his cap and trudged ahead" [syn:
       bill, peak, eyeshade, visor, vizor]
    10: horny projecting mouth of a bird [syn: beak, bill,
        neb, nib, pecker]
    v 1: demand payment; "Will I get charged for this service?"; "We
         were billed for 4 nights in the hotel, although we stayed
         only 3 nights" [syn: charge, bill]
    2: advertise especially by posters or placards; "He was billed
       as the greatest tenor since Caruso"
    3: publicize or announce by placards [syn: placard, bill]

2. The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
Bill \Bill\, n. [OE. bile, bille, AS. bile beak of a bird,
   proboscis; cf. Ir. & Gael. bil, bile, mouth, lip, bird's
   bill. Cf. Bill a weapon.]
   A beak, as of a bird, or sometimes of a turtle or other
   animal. --Milton.
   [1913 Webster]

3. The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
Bill \Bill\, v. t.
   To work upon ( as to dig, hoe, hack, or chop anything) with a
   bill.
   [1913 Webster]

4. The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
Bill \Bill\, n. [OE. bill, bille, fr. LL. billa (or OF. bille),
   for L. bulla anything rounded, LL., seal, stamp, letter,
   edict, roll; cf. F. bille a ball, prob. fr. Ger.; cf. MHG.
   bickel, D. bikkel, dice. Cf. Bull papal edict, Billet a
   paper.]
   [1913 Webster]
   1. (Law) A declaration made in writing, stating some wrong
      the complainant has suffered from the defendant, or a
      fault committed by some person against a law.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. A writing binding the signer or signers to pay a certain
      sum at a future day or on demand, with or without
      interest, as may be stated in the document. [Eng.]
      [1913 Webster]

   Note: In the United States, it is usually called a note, a
         note of hand, or a promissory note.
         [1913 Webster]

   3. A form or draft of a law, presented to a legislature for
      enactment; a proposed or projected law.
      [1913 Webster]

   4. A paper, written or printed, and posted up or given away,
      to advertise something, as a lecture, a play, or the sale
      of goods; a placard; a poster; a handbill.
      [1913 Webster]

            She put up the bill in her parlor window. --Dickens.
      [1913 Webster]

   5. An account of goods sold, services rendered, or work done,
      with the price or charge; a statement of a creditor's
      claim, in gross or by items; as, a grocer's bill.
      [1913 Webster]

   6. Any paper, containing a statement of particulars; as, a
      bill of charges or expenditures; a weekly bill of
      mortality; a bill of fare, etc.
      [1913 Webster]

   Bill of adventure. See under Adventure.

   Bill of costs, a statement of the items which form the
      total amount of the costs of a party to a suit or action.
      

   Bill of credit.
      (a) Within the constitution of the United States, a paper
          issued by a State, on the mere faith and credit of the
          State, and designed to circulate as money. No State
          shall "emit bills of credit." --U. S. Const. --Peters.
          --Wharton. --Bouvier
      (b) Among merchants, a letter sent by an agent or other
          person to a merchant, desiring him to give credit to
          the bearer for goods or money.

   Bill of divorce, in the Jewish law, a writing given by the
      husband to the wife, by which the marriage relation was
      dissolved. --Jer. iii. 8.

   Bill of entry, a written account of goods entered at the
      customhouse, whether imported or intended for exportation.
      

   Bill of exceptions. See under Exception.

   Bill of exchange (Com.), a written order or request from
      one person or house to another, desiring the latter to pay
      to some person designated a certain sum of money therein
      generally is, and, to be negotiable, must be, made payable
      to order or to bearer. So also the order generally
      expresses a specified time of payment, and that it is
      drawn for value. The person who draws the bill is called
      the drawer, the person on whom it is drawn is, before
      acceptance, called the drawee, -- after acceptance, the
      acceptor; the person to whom the money is directed to be
      paid is called the payee. The person making the order may
      himself be the payee. The bill itself is frequently called
      a draft. See Exchange. --Chitty.

   Bill of fare, a written or printed enumeration of the
      dishes served at a public table, or of the dishes (with
      prices annexed) which may be ordered at a restaurant, etc.
      

   Bill of health, a certificate from the proper authorities
      as to the state of health of a ship's company at the time
      of her leaving port.

   Bill of indictment, a written accusation lawfully presented
      to a grand jury. If the jury consider the evidence
      sufficient to support the accusation, they indorse it "A
      true bill," otherwise they write upon it "Not a true
      bill," or "Not found," or "Ignoramus", or "Ignored."

   Bill of lading, a written account of goods shipped by any
      person, signed by the agent of the owner of the vessel, or
      by its master, acknowledging the receipt of the goods, and
      promising to deliver them safe at the place directed,
      dangers of the sea excepted. It is usual for the master to
      sign two, three, or four copies of the bill; one of which
      he keeps in possession, one is kept by the shipper, and
      one is sent to the consignee of the goods.

   Bill of mortality, an official statement of the number of
      deaths in a place or district within a given time; also, a
      district required to be covered by such statement; as, a
      place within the bills of mortality of London.

   Bill of pains and penalties, a special act of a legislature
      which inflicts a punishment less than death upon persons
      supposed to be guilty of treason or felony, without any
      conviction in the ordinary course of judicial proceedings.
      --Bouvier. --Wharton.

   Bill of parcels, an account given by the seller to the
      buyer of the several articles purchased, with the price of
      each.

   Bill of particulars (Law), a detailed statement of the
      items of a plaintiff's demand in an action, or of the
      defendant's set-off.

   Bill of rights, a summary of rights and privileges claimed
      by a people. Such was the declaration presented by the
      Lords and Commons of England to the Prince and Princess of
      Orange in 1688, and enacted in Parliament after they
      became king and queen. In America, a bill or declaration
      of rights is prefixed to most of the constitutions of the
      several States.

   Bill of sale, a formal instrument for the conveyance or
      transfer of goods and chattels.

   Bill of sight, a form of entry at the customhouse, by which
      goods, respecting which the importer is not possessed of
      full information, may be provisionally landed for
      examination.

   Bill of store, a license granted at the customhouse to
      merchants, to carry such stores and provisions as are
      necessary for a voyage, custom free. --Wharton.

   Bills payable (pl.), the outstanding unpaid notes or
      acceptances made and issued by an individual or firm.

   Bills receivable (pl.), the unpaid promissory notes or
      acceptances held by an individual or firm. --McElrath.

   A true bill, a bill of indictment sanctioned by a grand
      jury.
      [1913 Webster]

5. The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
Bill \Bill\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Billed; p. pr. & vb. n.
   Billing.]
   1. To strike; to peck. [Obs.]
      [1913 Webster]

   2. To join bills, as doves; to caress in fondness. "As
      pigeons bill." --Shak.
      [1913 Webster]

   To bill and coo, to interchange caresses; -- said of doves;
      also of demonstrative lovers. --Thackeray.
      [1913 Webster]

6. The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
Bill \Bill\, n.
   The bell, or boom, of the bittern
   [1913 Webster]

         The bittern's hollow bill was heard.     --Wordsworth.
   [1913 Webster]

7. The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
Bill \Bill\, n. [OE. bil, AS. bill, bil; akin to OS. bil sword,
   OHG. bill pickax, G. bille. Cf. Bill bea?.]
   1. A cutting instrument, with hook-shaped point, and fitted
      with a handle; -- used in pruning, etc.; a billhook. When
      short, called a hand bill, when long, a hedge bill.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. A weapon of infantry, in the 14th and 15th centuries. A
      common form of bill consisted of a broad, heavy,
      double-edged, hook-shaped blade, having a short pike at
      the back and another at the top, and attached to the end
      of a long staff.
      [1913 Webster]

            France had no infantry that dared to face the
            English bows end bills.               --Macaulay.
      [1913 Webster]

   3. One who wields a bill; a billman. --Strype.
      [1913 Webster]

   4. A pickax, or mattock. [Obs.]
      [1913 Webster]

   5. (Naut.) The extremity of the arm of an anchor; the point
      of or beyond the fluke.
      [1913 Webster]

8. The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
Bill \Bill\, v. t.
   1. To advertise by a bill or public notice.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. To charge or enter in a bill; as, to bill goods.
      [1913 Webster]

9. Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856)
BILL, chancery practice. A complaint in writing addressed to the chancellor, 
containing the names of the parties to the suit, both complainant and 
defendant, a statement of the facts on which the complainant relies, and the 
allegations which he makes, with an averment that the acts complained of are 
contrary to equity , and a prayer for relief and proper process. Its office 
in a chancery suit, is the same as a declaration in an action at law, a 
libel in a court of admiralty or an allegation in, the spiritual courts. 
     2. A bill usually consists of nine parts. 1. The address, which must be 
to the chancellor, court or judge acting as such. 2. The second part 
consists of the names of the plaintiffs and their descriptions; but the 
description of the parties in this part of the bill does not, it seems, 
constitute a sufficient averment, so as to put that fact in issue. 2. Ves. & 
Bea. 327. 3. The third part is called the premises or stating part of the 
bill, and contains the plaintiff's case. 4. In the fourth place is a general 
charge of confederacy. 5. The fifth part consists of allegations of the 
defendant's pretences, and charges in evidence of them. 6. The sixth part 
contains the clause of jurisdiction and in averment that the acts complained 
of are contrary to equity. 7. The seventh part consists of a prayer that the 
parties answer the premises, which is usually termed the interrogatory part. 
8. The prayer for relief sought forms the eighth part. And, 9. The ninth 
part is a prayer for process. 2 Mad. Ch. 166; Blake's Ch. P. 35; 1 Mitf. Pl. 
41. The facts contained in the bill, as far as known to the complainant, 
must, in some cases, be sworn to be true; and such as are not known to him, 
he must swear he believes to be true; and it must be signed by counsel; 2 
Madd. Ch. Pr. 167; Story, Eq. Pl. Sec. 26 to 47; and for cases requiring an 
affidavit, see, 3 Brow. Chan. Cas. 12, 24, 463; Bunb. 35; 2 Brow. 11 1 Fow. 
Proc. 256 Mitf. Pl. 51; 2 P. Wms. 451; 3 Id. 77; 1 Atk. 450; 3 Id. 17, 132; 
3 Atk. 132 Preced. in Ch. 332 Barton's Equity, 48 n. 1, 53 n. 1, 56 n. 1 2 
Brow. Ch. Cas. 281, 319; 4 Id. 480 
     3. Bills may be divided into three classes, namely: 1. Original bills. 
2. Bills not original. 3. Bills in the nature of original bills. 
     4. - 1. An original bill is one which prays the decree of the court, 
touching some right claimed by the person exhibiting the bill, in opposition 
to some right claimed by the person against whom the bill is exhibited. 
Hinde, 19; Coop. Eq. Pl. 43. Original bills always relate to some matter not 
before litigated in the court by the same persons, and standing in the same 
interests. Mitf. Eq. Pl. by Jeremy, 34; Story, Eq. Pl., Sec. 16. They may be 
divided into those which pray relief, and those which do not pray relief. 
     5. - 1st. Original bills praying relief are of three kinds. First. 
Bills Praying the decree or order of the court, touching some right claimed 
by the party exhibiting the bill, in opposition to some right, real or 
supposed, claimed by the party against whom the bill is exhibited, or 
touching some wrong done in violation of the plaintiff's right. Mitf. Eq. 
Pl. 32. 
     6. - Secondly. A bill of interpleader, is one in which the person 
exhibiting it claims no right in opposition to the rights claimed by the 
person against whom the bill is exhibited, but prays the decree of the court 
touching the rights of those persons, for the safety of the person 
exhibiting the bill. Hinde, 20; Coop. Eq. Pl. 43; Mitf. Pl. 32. The 
Practical Register defines it to be a bill exhibited by a third person, who, 
not knowing to whom he ought of right to render a debt or duty, or pay his 
rent, fears he may be hurt by some of the claimants, and therefore prays be 
may interplead, so that the court may judge to whom the thing belongs, and 
he be thereby safe on the payment. Pr. Reg. 78; Harr. Ch. Pr. 45; Edw. Inj. 
393; 2 Paige, 199 Id. 570; 6 John. Ch. R. 445. 
     7. The interpleader has been compared to the intervention (q. v.) of 
the civil law. Gilb. For. Rom. 47. But there is a striking difference 
between them. The tertius in our interpleader in equity, professes to have 
no interest in the subject, and calls upon the parties who allege they have, 
to come forward and discuss their claims: the tertius of the civil law, on 
the other hand, asserts a right himself in the 'Subject, which two persons 
are at the time actually contesting, and insists upon his right to join in 
the discussion. A bill of interpleader may be filed, though the party has 
not been sued at law, or has been sued by one only of the conflicting 
claimants, or though the claim of one of the defendants is actionable at 
law, and the other in equity. 6 Johns. Chan. R. 445. The requisites of a 
bill of this kind are, 1. It must admit the want of interest in the 
plaintiff in the subject matter of dispute. 2. The plaintiff must annex an 
affidavit that there is no collusion between him and either of the parties. 
3. The bill must contain an offer to bring the money into court, when there 
is any due; the want of which is a ground of demurrer, unless the money has 
actually been paid into court. Mitf. Eq. Pl. 49; Coop. Eq. Pl. 49; Barton, 
Suit in Eq. 47, note 1. 4. The plaintiff should state his own rights, and 
thereby negative any interest in the thing in controversy; and also should 
state the several claims of the opposite parties; a neglect on this subject 
is good cause of demurrer. Mitf. Eq. Pl. by Jeremy, 142; 2 Story on Eq. Sec. 
821; Story, Eq. Pl. 292. 5. The bill should also show that there are persons 
in esse capable of interpleading, and setting up opposite claims. Coop. Eq. 
Pl. 46; 1 Mont. Eq. Pl. 234; Story, Eq. Pl. Sec. 295; Story on Eq. Sec. 821; 
1 Ves. 248. 6. The bill should pray that the defendants set forth their 
several titles, and interplead, settle, and adjust their demands between 
themselves. The bill also generally prays an injunction to restrain the 
proceedings of the claimants, or either of them, at law; and, in this case, 
the bill should offer to bring the money into court and the court will not 
in general act upon this part of the prayer, unless the money be actually 
brought into court. 4 Paige's R. 384 6 John. Ch. R. 445. 
     8. Thirdly. A bill of certiorari, is one praying the writ of certiorari 
to remove a cause from an inferior court of equity. Coop. El q. 44. The 
requisites of this bill are that it state, 1st. the proceedings in the 
inferior court; 2d. the incompetency of such court, by suggesting that the 
cause is out of its jurisdiction; or that the witnesses live out of its 
jurisdiction; or are not able, by age or infirmity, or the distance of the 
place, to follow the suit there or that, for some other cause, justice is 
not likely to be done-, 3d. the bill must pray a writ of certiorari, to 
certify and remove the record and the cause to the superior court. Wyatt, 
Pr. Reg. 82; Harr. Ch. Pr. 49; Story, Eq. Pl. Sec. 298. This bill is seldom 
used in the United States. 
     9. - 2d. Original bills not praying relief are of two kinds. First,. 
Bills to secure evidence, which are bills to perpetuate the testimony of 
witnesses or bills to examine witnesses de bene esse. These will be 
separately considered. 
    10. - 1. A bill to perpetuate the testimony of witnesses, is one which 
prays leave to examine them, and states that the witnesses are old, infirm, 
or sick, or going beyond the jurisdiction of the court, whereby the party is 
in danger of losing the benefit of their testimony. Hinde, 20. It does not 
pray for relief. Coop. Eq. Pl. 44. 
    11. In order to maintain such a bill, it is requisite to state on its 
face all the material facts to support the jurisdiction. It must state, 1. 
the subject-matter touching which the plaintiff is desirous of giving 
evidence. Rep. Temp. Finch, 391; 4 Madd. R. 8, 10. 2. It must show that the 
plaintiff has some interest in the subject-matter, which may be endangered 
if the testimony in support of it be lost; and a mere expectancy, however 
strong, is not sufficient. 6 Ves. 260 1 Vern. 105; 15 Ves. 136; Mitf. Eq. 
Pl. by Jeremy, 51 Coop. Eq. Pl., 52. 3. It must state that the defendant 
has, or pretends to have, or that he claims an interest to contest the title 
of the plaintiff in the subject-matter of the proposed testimony. Coop. Pl. 
56; Story, Eq. Pl. Sec. 302. 4. It must exhibit some ground of necessity for 
perpetuating the evidence. Story, Eq. Pl. Sec. 303 Mitf. Eq. Pl. by Jeremy, 
52, 148 and note y; Coop. Eq. Pl. 53. 5. The right of which the bill is 
brought to perpetuate the evidence or testimony, should be described with 
reasonable certainty in the bill, so as to point the proper interrogations 
on both sides to the true merits of the controversy. 1 Vern. 312; Coop. Eq. 
Pl. 56. 6. It should pray leave to examine the witnesses touching the matter 
stated, to the end that their testimony maybe preserved and perpetuated. 
Mitf. Pl 
    52. A bill to perpetuate testimony differs from a bill to take testimony 
de bene esse, in this, that the latter is sustainable only when there is a 
suit already depending, while the former can be maintained only when no 
present suit can be brought at law by the party seeking the aid of a court 
to try his right. Story, Eq. Pl. Sec. 307. The canonists had a similar rule. 
According to the canon law, witnesses could be examined before any action 
was commenced, for fear that their evidence might be lost. x, cap. 5 
Boehmer, n. 5 8 Toull. n. 23. 
    12. - 2. Bill to take testimony de bene esse. This bill, the name of 
which is sufficiently descriptive of its object, is frequently confounded 
with a bill to perpetuate testimony; but although it bears a close analogy 
to it, ,it is very different. Bills to perpetuate testimony can be 
maintained only, when no present suit can be maintained at law by the party 
seeking the aid of the court to try his right; whereas bills to take 
testimony de bene esse, are sustainable only in aid of a suit already 
depending. 1 Sim. & Stu. 83. The latter may be brought by a person who is in 
possession, or out of possession; and whether he be plaintiff or defendant 
in the action at law. Story, Eq Pl. Sec. 307 and 303, note; Story on Eq. 
1813, note 3. In many respects the rules which regulate the framing of bills 
to perpetuate testimony, are applicable to bills to take testimony ae bene 
esse. 
    13. - Secondly. A bill of discovery, emphatically so called, is one 
which prays for the discovery of facts resting within the knowledge of the 
person against whom the bill is exhibited, or of deeds, writings, or other 
things in his custody or power. Hinde, 20; Blake's Ch. Pr. 37. Every bill, 
except the bill of certiorari, may in truth, be considered a bill of 
discovery, for every bill seeks a disclosure of circumstances relative to 
the plaintiff's case; but that usually and emphatically distinguished by 
this appellation is a bill for the discovery of facts, resting in the 
knowledge of the defendant, or of deeds or writings, or other things in his 
custody or power, and seeking no relief in consequence of the discovery. 
    14. This bill is commonly used in aid of the jurisdiction of some other 
court as to enable the plaintiff to prosecute or defend an action at law. 
Mitf. Pl. 52. "The plaintiff, in this species of bill, must be entitled to 
the discovery he seeks, and shall only have a discovery of what is necessary 
for his own title, as of deeds he claims under, and not to pry into that of 
the defendant. 2 Ves. 445. See Blake's Ch. Pr. 45 Mitf. Pl. 52 Coop. Eq. Pl. 
58 1 Madd. Ch. Pr. 196 Hare on Disc. passim Wagr. on Disc. passim. 
    15. The action ad exhibendum, in the Roman law, was not unlike a bill of 
discovery. Its object was to force the party against whom it was instituted, 
to exhibit a thing or a title in his power. It was always preparatory to 
another, which was always a real action in the sense of the word in the 
Roman law. See Action ad exhibendum; Merlin, Questions de Droit, tome i. 84. 
    16. - II . Bills not original. These are either in addition to, or a 
continuance of an original bill, or both. Mitf. c. 1, s . 2; Story, Eq. Pl. 
Sec. 388; .4 Bouv. Inst. n. 4100. 
    17. - 1st. Of the first class are, 1. A supplemental bill. This bill is 
occasioned by some defect in a suit already instituted, whereby the parties 
cannot obtain complete justice, to which otherwise the case by their bill 
would have entitled them. It is used for the purpose of supplying some 
irregularity discovered in the formation of the original bill, or some of 
the proceedings there upon; or some defect in a suit, arising from events 
happening since the points in the original were at issue, which give an 
interest to20persons not parties to the suit. Blake's Ch. Pr. 50. See 3 
Johns. Ch. R. 423. 
    18. It is proper to consider more minutely 1. in what cases such a bill 
may be filed; 2. its particular requisites. 
    19.- 1. A supplemental bill may be filed, 1st. whenever the imperfection 
in the original bill arises from the omission of some material fact, which 
existed before the filing of the bill, but the time has passed in which it 
can be introduced into the bill by amendment,, Mitf. Eq. Pl. 55, 61, 325 but 
leave of court must be obtained, before a bill which seeks to change the 
original structure of the bill, and to introduce a new and different case, 
can be filed. 2d. When a party necessary to the proceedings has been 
omitted, and cannot be admitted by an amendment. Mitf. Eq. Pl. 61 6 Madd. R. 
369; 4 John. Ch. R. 605. 3d. When, after the court has decided upon the suit 
as framed, it appears necessary to bring some other matter before the court 
to obtain the full effect of the decision; or before a decision has been 
obtained, but after the parties are at issue upon the points in the original 
bill, and witnesses have been examined, (in which case, an amendment is not 
in general permitted,) some other point appears necessary to be made, or 
some additional discovery is found requisite. Mitf. Eq. Pl. by Jeremy, 55; 
Coop Eq. Pl. 73; 3 Atk. R. 110; 12 Paige, R. 200. 4th. When new events or 
new matters have occurred since the filing of the bill; Coop. Eq. Pl. 74; 
these events or matters, however, are confined to such as refer to and 
support the rights and interests already mentioned in the bill. Story, Eq. 
Pl. Sec. 336. 
    20. - 2. The supplemental bill must state the original bill, and the 
proceedings thereon and when it is occasioned by an event which has occurred 
subsequently to the original bill, it must state that event, and the 
consequent alteration with regard to the parties. In general, the 
supplemental bill must pray that all defendants appear and answer the 
charges it contains. Mitf. Eq. Pl. by Jeremy, 75 Story, Eq. Pl. Sec. 343. 
    21. - 2. A bill of revivor, which is a continuance of the original bill, 
when by death some party to it has become incapable of prosecuting or 
defending a suit, or a female plaintiff has by marriage incapacitated 
herself from suing alone. Mitf. Pl. 33, 70; 2 Madd. Ch. Pr. 526. See 3 
Johns. Ch. R. 60: Story, Eq. Pl. Sec. 354, et. seq. 
    22. - 3. A bill of revivor and supplement. This is a compound of a 
supple-mental bill and bill of revivor, and not only continues the suit, 
which has abated by the death of the plaintiff, or the like, but supplies 
any defects in the original bill, arising from subsequent events, so as to 
entitle the party to relief on the whole merits of his case. 5 Johns. Ch R. 
334; Mitf. Pl. 32, 74. 
    23. - 2d. Among the second class may be placed, 1. A cross bill. This is 
one which is brought by a defendant in a suit against the plaintiff, 
respecting the matter in question in that bill. Coop. Eq. Pl. 85 Mitf. Pl. 
75. 
    24. A bill of this kind is usually brought to obtain, either a necessary 
discovery, or full relief to all the parties. It frequently happens, and 
particularly if any questions arises between two defendants to a bill, that 
the court cannot make a complete decree without a cross bill, or cross bills 
to bring every matter in dispute completely before the court, litigated by 
the proper parties, and upon proper proofs. In this case it becomes 
necessary for some one of the defendants to the original bill to file a bill 
against the plaintiff and other defendants in that bill, or some of them, 
and bring the litigated point properly before the court. 
    25. A cross bill should state the original bill, and the proceedings 
thereon, and the rights of the party exhibiting the bill which are necessary 
to be made the subject of a cross litigation, or the grounds on which he 
resists the claims of the plaintiff in the original bill, if that is the 
object of the new bill. 
    26. A cross bill may be filed to answer the purpose of a plea puis 
darrein continuance at the common law. For example, where, pending a suit, 
and after replication and issue joined, the defendant having obtained a 
release and attempted to prove it viva voce at the bearing, it was 
determined that the release not being in issue in the cause, the court could 
not try the facts, or direct a trial at law for that purpose, and that a new 
bill must be filed to put the release in issue. Mitf. Pl. 75, 76 Coop. Eq. 
Pl. 85; 1 Harr. Ch. Pr. 135. 
    27. A cross bill must be brought before publication is passed on the 
first bill, 1 Johns. Ch. R. 62, and not after, except the plaintiff in the 
cross bill go to the hearing on the depositions already published; because 
of the danger of perjury and subornation, if the parties should, after 
publication of the former depositions, examine witnesses, de novo, to the 
same matter before examined into. 7 Johns. Ch. Rep. 250; Nels. Ch. R. 103. 
    28. - 2. A bill of review. Bills of review are in the nature of writs of 
error. They are brought to have decrees of the court reviewed, altered, or 
reversed, and there are two sorts of these bills. The first is brought where 
the decree has been signed and enrolled and the second, where the decree has 
not been signed and enrolled. 1 Ch. Cas. 54; 3 P. Wms. 371. The first of 
these is called, by way of preeminence, a bill of review; while the other is 
distinguished by the appellation of a bill in the nature of a bill of 
review, or a supplemental bill iii the nature of a bill of review. Coop. Eq. 
Pl. 88; 2 Madd. Ch. Pr. 537. 
    29. A bill of review must be either for error in point of law; 2 Johns. 
C. R. 488; Coop. Eq. Pl. 89; or for some new matter of fact, relevant to the 
case, discovered since publication passed in the cause; and which could not, 
with reasonable diligence, have been discovered before. 2 Johns. C. R. 488; 
Coop. Eq. Pl. 94. See 3 Johns. R. 124, 
    30. - 3. Bill to impeach a decree on the ground of fraud. When a decree 
has been obtained by fraud, it may be impeached by original bill, without 
leave of court. As the principal point in issue, is the fraud in obtaining 
it, it must be established before the propriety of the decree can be 
investigated, and the fraud must be distinctly stated in the bill. The 
prayer must necessarily be varied according to the nature of the fraud used, 
and the extent of its operation in obtaining an improper decision of the 
court. When the decree to set aside a fraudulent decree has been obtained, 
the court will restore the parties to their former situation, whatever their 
rights may be. Mitf. Eq. Pl. 84; Sto. Eq. Pl. Sec. 426. 
    31. - 4. Bill to suspend a decree. The operation of a decree may be 
suspended under special circumstances, or avoided by matter subsequent to 
the decrees upon a new bill for that purpose. See 1 Ch. Cas. 3, 61 2 Ch . 
Cal 8 Mitf. Eq. Pl. 85 , 86. 
    32. - 5. Bill to carry a decree into execution. This is one which is 
filed when from the neglect of parties, or some other cause, it may become 
impossible to carry a decree into execution without the further decree of 
the court. Hinde, 68; 1 Harr. Ch. 148. 
    33. - 6. Bills partaking of the qualities of some one or more of other 
bills. These are, 
    34. First. Bill in the nature of a bill of revivor. A bill in the nature 
of a bill of revivor, is one which is filed when the death of a party, whose 
interest is not determined by his death, is attended with such a 
transmission of his interest, that the title to it, as well as the person 
entitled, may be litigated in the court of chancery, as in the case of a 
devise of real estate, the suit is not permitted to be continued by bill of 
revivor. 1 Ch. Cas. 123; Id. 174; 3 Ch. Rep. 39; Mosely, R. 44. In such 
cases an original bill, upon which the title may be litigated, must be 
filed, and this bill will have so far the effect of a bill of revivor, that 
if the, title of the representative by the act of the deceased party is 
established, the same benefit may be had of the proceedings upon the former 
bill, as if the suit had been continued by bill of revivor. 1 Vern. 427; 2 
Vern. 548 Id. 672; 2 Bro. P. C. 529; 1 Eq. Cas. Ab. 83; Mitf. Pl. 66, 67. 
    35. Secondly. Bill in the nature. of a supplemental bill. An original 
bill in the nature of a supplemental bill, is one filed when the interest of 
the plaintiff or defendant, suing or defending, wholly determines, and the 
same property becomes vested in another person not claiming under him. 
Hinde, 71; Blake's Ch. Pr. 38. The principal difference between this and a 
supplemental bill, seems to be, that a supplemental bill is applicable to 
such cases only, where the same parties or the same interests remain before 
the court; whereas, an original bill in the nature of a supplemental bill, 
is properly applicable where new parties, with new interests, arising from 
events occurring since the institution of the suit, are brought before the 
court. Coop. Eq. Pl. 75; Story, Eq. Pl. Sec. 345. 
    36. Thirdly. Bill in the nature of a bill of review. A bill in the 
nature of a bill of review, is one brought by a person not bound by a 
decree, praying that the same may be examined and reversed; as where a 
decree is made against a person who has no interest at all in the matter in 
dispute, or had not an interest sufficient to render the decree against him 
binding upon some person claiming after him. Relief may be obtained against 
error in the decree, by a bill in the nature of a bill of review. This bill 
in its frame resembles a bill of review, except that instead of praying that 
the former decree may be reviewed and reversed, it prays that the cause may 
be heard with respect to the new matter made the subject of the supplemental 
bill, at the same time that it is reheard upon the original bill; and that 
the plaintiff may have such relief as the nature of the case made by the 
supplemental bill may require. 1 Harr. Ch. P. 145. 
    37. There are also bills which derive their names from the object which 
the complainant has in view. These will be separately considered. 
    38.- 1. Bill of foreclosure. A bill of foreclosure is one filed by a 
mortgagee against the mortgagor, for the purpose of having the estate, sold, 
thereby to obtain the sum mortgaged on the premises, with interest and 
costs. 1 Madd. Ch. Pr. 528. As to the persons who are to be made parties to 
a bill of foreclosure, see Story, Eq. Pl. Sec. 199-202. 
    39. - 2. Bill of information. A bill of information is a bill instituted 
in behalf of the state, or those whose rights are the object of its care and 
protection. It is commenced by information exhibited in the name of the 
attorney-general, and differs from other bills little more than in name. If 
the suit immediately concerns the right of the state, the information is 
generally exhibited without a relator. If it does not immediately concern 
those rights, it is conducted at the instance and under the immediate 
direction of, some person whose name is inserted in the information, and is 
termed the relator; the officers of the state, in such or the like cases, 
are not further concerned than as they are instructed and advised by those 
whose rights the state is called upon to protect and establish. Blake's Ch. 
Pl. 50; see Harr. Ch. Pr. 151. 
    40. - 3. Bill to marshal assets. A bill to marshal assets is one filed 
in favor of simple contract creditors, and of legatees, devisees, and heirs, 
but not in favor of next of kin, to prevent specialty. creditors from 
exhausting the personal estate. See Marshaling of Assets. 
    41. - 4. Bill to marshal securities. A bill to marshal securities is one 
which is filed against a party who has two funds by which his debt is 
secured, by a person having an interest in only one of those funds. As if A 
has two mortgages and B has but one, B has a right to throw A upon the 
security which B cannot touch. 2 Atk. 446; see 8 Ves. 388, 395. This last 
case contains a luminous exposition in all its bearings. In Pennsylvania, 
and perhaps in some other states, the object of this bill is reached by 
subrogation, (q. v.) that is, by substituting the creditor, having but one 
fund to resort to, to the rights of the other creditor, in respect to the 
other fund. 
    42. - 5. Bill for a new trial. This is a bill filed in a court of equity 
praying for an injunction after judgment at law, when there is any fact, 
which renders it against conscience to execute such judgment, and of which 
the injured party could not avail himself in a court of law-, or, if he 
could, was prevented by fraud or accident, unmixed with any fault or 
negligence of himself or his agents. Mitf. Pl. by Jer. 131; 2 Story Eq. Sec. 
887. Of late years bills of this description are not countenanced. Id.201 
John. Ch. R. 432 6 John. Ch. R. 479. 
    43. - 6. Bill of peace. A bill of peace is one which is filed when a 
person has a right which may be controverted by various persons, at 
different times, and by different actions. In such a case the court will 
prevent a multiplicity of suits, by directing an issue to determine the 
right, and ultimately grant an injunction. 1 Madd. Ch. Pr. 166; 1 Harr. Ch. 
Pr. 104; Blake's Ch. Pr. 48; 2 Story, Eq. Jur. Sec. 852 to 860; Jeremy on 
Eq. Jurisd. 343 2 John. Ch. R. 281; 8 Cranch, R. 426. 
    44. There is another class of cases in which a bill of peace is now 
ordinarily applied; namely, when the plaintiff, after repeated and 
satisfactory trials, has established his right at law, and is still in 
danger of new attempts to controvert it. In order to quiet the possession of 
the plaintiff, and to suppress future litigation, courts of equity, under 
such circumstances, will interfere, and grant a perpetual injunction. 3 
John. R. 529; 8 Cranch, R. 462; Mit. Pl. by Jeremy, 143; 2 John. Ch. R. 281; 
Ed. on Inj. 356. 
    45. - 7. Bill quia timet. A bill quia timet, is one which is filed when 
a person is entitled to property of a personal nature after another's death, 
and has reason to apprehend it may be destroyed by the present possessor; or 
when he is apprehensive of being subjected to a future inconvenience, 
probable or even possible to happen or be occasioned by the neglect, 
inadvertence, or culpability of another. Upon a proper case being made out, 
the court will, in one case, secure the property for the use of the party 
(which is the object of the bill) by compelling the person in possession of 
it, to give a proper security against any subsequent disposition or willful 
destruction and in the other case, they will quiet the party's apprehension 
of future inconvenience, by removing the causes which may lead to it. 1 
Harr. Ch. Pr. 107; 1 Madd. Ch. Pr. 218: Blake's Ch. Pr. 37, 47; 2 Story, Eq. 
Jur. Sec. 825 to 851. Vide, generally, Bouv. Inst. Index, h. t. 



10. Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856)
BILL, legislation. An instrument drawn or presented by a member or committee 
to a legislative body for its approbation and enactment. After it has gone 
through both houses and received the constitutional sanction of the chief 
magistrate, where such approbation is requisite, it becomes a law. See 
Meigs, R. 237. 



11. Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856)
BILL, merc. law. An account containing the items of goods sold, or of work 
done by one person against another. It differs from an account stated (q. 
v.) in this, that the latter is a bill approved and sanctioned by the 
debtor, whereas a bill is made out by the creditor alone. 



12. Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856)
BILL, contracts. A bill or obligation, (which are the same thing, except 
that in English it is commonly called bill, but in Latin obligatio, 
obligation,) is a deed whereby the obligor acknowledges himself to owe unto 
the obligee a certain sum of money or some other thing, in which, besides 
the names of the parties, are to be considered the sum or thing due, the 
time, place, and manner of payment or delivery thereof. It may be indented, 
or poll, and with or without a penalty. West's Symboleography s. 100, 101, 
and the various forms there given. 



13. Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856)
BILL, SINGLE, contracts. A writing by which one person or more, promises to 
another or others, to pay him or them a sum of money at a time therein 
specified, without any condition. It is usually under seal; and when so, it 
is sometimes, if not commonly, called a bill obligatory. (q. v.) 2 S. & R. 
115. 
     2. It differs from a promissory note in this, that the latter is always 
payable to order; and from a bond, because that instrument has always a 
condition attached to it, on the performance of which it is satisfied. 5 
Com. Dig. 194; 7 Com. 357. 



14. Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856)
BILL, TRUE. A true bill is an indictment approved of by a grand jury. Vide 
Billa Vera; True Bill. 



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