Table \Ta"ble\ (t[=a]"'l), n. [F., fr. L. tabula a board,
tablet, a painting. Cf. Tabular, Taffrail, Tavern.]
1. A smooth, flat surface, like the side of a board; a thin,
flat, smooth piece of anything; a slab.
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A bagnio paved with fair tables of marble. --Sandys.
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2. A thin, flat piece of wood, stone, metal, or other
material, on which anything is cut, traced, written, or
painted; a tablet; pl. a memorandum book. "The names . . .
written on his tables." --Chaucer.
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And the Lord said unto Moses, Hew thee two tables of
stone like unto the first, and I will write upon
these tables the words that were in the first
tables, which thou brakest. --Ex. xxxiv.
1.
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And stand there with your tables to glean
The golden sentences. --Beau. & Fl.
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3. Any smooth, flat surface upon which an inscription, a
drawing, or the like, may be produced. "Painted in a table
plain." --Spenser.
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The opposite walls are painted by Rubens, which,
with that other of the Infanta taking leave of Don
Philip, is a most incomparable table. --Evelyn.
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St. Antony has a table that hangs up to him from a
poor peasant. --Addison.
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4. Hence, in a great variety of applications: A condensed
statement which may be comprehended by the eye in a single
view; a methodical or systematic synopsis; the
presentation of many items or particulars in one group; a
scheme; a schedule. Specifically:
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(a) (Bibliog.) A view of the contents of a work; a
statement of the principal topics discussed; an index;
a syllabus; a synopsis; as, a table of contents.
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(b) (Chem.) A list of substances and their properties;
especially, the a list of the elementary substances
with their atomic weights, densities, symbols, etc.;
the periodic table of the elements.
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(c) (Mathematics, Science and Technology) Any collection
and arrangement in a condensed form of many
particulars or values, for ready reference, as of
weights, measures, currency, specific gravities, etc.;
also, a series of numbers following some law, and
expressing particular values corresponding to certain
other numbers on which they depend, and by means of
which they are taken out for use in computations; as,
tables of logarithms, sines, tangents, squares, cubes,
etc.; annuity tables; interest tables; astronomical
tables; a table of logarithms, etc.
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(d) (Palmistry) The arrangement or disposition of the
lines which appear on the inside of the hand.
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Mistress of a fairer table
Hath not history for fable. --B. Jonson.
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5. An article of furniture, consisting of a flat slab, board,
or the like, having a smooth surface, fixed horizontally
on legs, and used for a great variety of purposes, as in
eating, writing, or working.
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We may again
Give to our tables meat. --Shak.
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The nymph the table spread. --Pope.
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6. Hence, food placed on a table to be partaken of; fare;
entertainment; as, to set a good table.
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7. The company assembled round a table.
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I drink the general joy of the whole table. --Shak.
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8. (Anat.) One of the two, external and internal, layers of
compact bone, separated by diploe, in the walls of the
cranium.
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9. (Arch.) A stringcourse which includes an offset; esp., a
band of stone, or the like, set where an offset is
required, so as to make it decorative. See Water table.
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10. (Games)
(a) The board on the opposite sides of which backgammon
and draughts are played.
(b) One of the divisions of a backgammon board; as, to
play into the right-hand table.
(c) pl. The games of backgammon and of draughts. [Obs.]
--Chaucer.
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This is the ape of form, monsieur the nice,
That, when he plays at tables, chides the dice.
--Shak.
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11. (Glass Manuf.) A circular plate of crown glass.
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A circular plate or table of about five feet
diameter weighs on an average nine pounds. --Ure.
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12. (Jewelry) The upper flat surface of a diamond or other
precious stone, the sides of which are cut in angles.
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13. (Persp.) A plane surface, supposed to be transparent and
perpendicular to the horizon; -- called also perspective
plane.
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14. (Mach.) The part of a machine tool on which the work
rests and is fastened.
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Bench table, Card table, Communion table, Lord's
table, etc. See under Bench, Card, etc.
Raised table (Arch. & Sculp.), a raised or projecting
member of a flat surface, large in proportion to the
projection, and usually rectangular, -- especially
intended to receive an inscription or the like.
Roller table (Horology), a flat disk on the arbor of the
balance of a watch, holding the jewel which rolls in and
out of the fork at the end of the lever of the escapement.
Round table. See Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.
Table anvil, a small anvil to be fastened to a table for
use in making slight repairs.
Table base. (Arch.) Same as Water table.
Table bed, a bed in the form of a table.
Table beer, beer for table, or for common use; small beer.
Table bell, a small bell to be used at table for calling
servants.
Table cover, a cloth for covering a table, especially at
other than mealtimes.
Table diamond, a thin diamond cut with a flat upper
surface.
Table linen, linen tablecloth, napkins, and the like.
Table money (Mil. or Naut.), an allowance sometimes made to
officers over and above their pay, for table expenses.
Table rent (O. Eng. Law), rent paid to a bishop or
religious, reserved or appropriated to his table or
housekeeping. --Burrill.
Table shore (Naut.), a low, level shore.
Table talk, conversation at table, or at meals.
Table talker, one who talks at table.
Table tipping, Table turning, certain movements of
tables, etc., attributed by some to the agency of departed
spirits, and by others to the development of latent vital
or spriritual forces, but more commonly ascribed to the
muscular force of persons in connection with the objects
moved, or to physical force applied otherwise.
Tables of a girder or Tables of a chord (Engin.), the
upper and lower horizontal members.
To lay on the table, in parliamentary usage, to lay, as a
report, motion, etc., on the table of the presiding
officer, -- that is, to postpone the consideration of, by
a vote; -- also called to table . It is a tactic often
used with the intention of postponing consideration of a
motion indefinitely, that is, to kill the motion.
To serve tables (Script.), to provide for the poor, or to
distribute provisions for their wants. --Acts vi. 2.
To turn the tables, to change the condition or fortune of
contending parties; -- a metaphorical expression taken
from the vicissitudes of fortune in gaming.
Twelve tables (Rom. Antiq.), a celebrated body of Roman
laws, framed by decemvirs appointed 450 years before
Christ, on the return of deputies or commissioners who had
been sent to Greece to examine into foreign laws and
institutions. They consisted partly of laws transcribed
from the institutions of other nations, partly of such as
were altered and accommodated to the manners of the
Romans, partly of new provisions, and mainly, perhaps, of
laws and usages under their ancient kings. --Burrill.
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Turn \Turn\ (t[^u]rn), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Turned (t[^u]rnd);
p. pr. & vb. n. Turning.] [OE. turnen, tournen, OF.
tourner, torner, turner, F. tourner, LL. tornare, fr. L.
tornare to turn in a lathe, to round off, fr. tornus a lathe,
Gr. to`rnos a turner's chisel, a carpenter's tool for drawing
circles; probably akin to E. throw. See Throw, and cf.
Attorney, Return, Tornado, Tour, Tournament.]
1. To cause to move upon a center, or as if upon a center; to
give circular motion to; to cause to revolve; to cause to
move round, either partially, wholly, or repeatedly; to
make to change position so as to present other sides in
given directions; to make to face otherwise; as, to turn a
wheel or a spindle; to turn the body or the head.
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Turn the adamantine spindle round. --Milton.
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The monarch turns him to his royal guest. --Pope.
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2. To cause to present a different side uppermost or outmost;
to make the upper side the lower, or the inside to be the
outside of; to reverse the position of; as, to turn a box
or a board; to turn a coat.
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3. To give another direction, tendency, or inclination to; to
direct otherwise; to deflect; to incline differently; --
used both literally and figuratively; as, to turn the eyes
to the heavens; to turn a horse from the road, or a ship
from her course; to turn the attention to or from
something. "Expert when to advance, or stand, or, turn the
sway of battle." --Milton.
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Thrice I deluded her, and turned to sport
Her importunity. --Milton.
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My thoughts are turned on peace. --Addison.
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4. To change from a given use or office; to divert, as to
another purpose or end; to transfer; to use or employ; to
apply; to devote.
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Therefore he slew him, and turned the kingdom unto
David. --1 Chron. x.
14.
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God will make these evils the occasion of a greater
good, by turning them to advantage in this world.
--Tillotson.
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When the passage is open, land will be turned most
to cattle; when shut, to sheep. --Sir W.
Temple.
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5. To change the form, quality, aspect, or effect of; to
alter; to metamorphose; to convert; to transform; -- often
with to or into before the word denoting the effect or
product of the change; as, to turn a worm into a winged
insect; to turn green to blue; to turn prose into verse;
to turn a Whig to a Tory, or a Hindu to a Christian; to
turn good to evil, and the like.
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The Lord thy God will turn thy captivity, and have
compassion upon thee. --Deut. xxx.
3.
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And David said, O Lord, I pray thee, turn the
counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness. --2 Sam. xv.
31.
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Impatience turns an ague into a fever. --Jer.
Taylor.
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6. To form in a lathe; to shape or fashion (anything) by
applying a cutting tool to it while revolving; as, to turn
the legs of stools or tables; to turn ivory or metal.
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I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned. --Shak.
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7. Hence, to give form to; to shape; to mold; to put in
proper condition; to adapt. "The poet's pen turns them to
shapes." --Shak.
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His limbs how turned, how broad his shoulders spread
! --Pope.
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He was perfectly well turned for trade. --Addison.
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8. Specifically:
(a) To translate; to construe; as, to turn the Iliad.
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Who turns a Persian tale for half a crown.
--Pope.
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(b) To make acid or sour; to ferment; to curdle, etc.: as,
to turn cider or wine; electricity turns milk quickly.
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(c) To sicken; to nauseate; as, an emetic turns one's
stomach.
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9. To make a turn about or around (something); to go or pass
around by turning; as, to turn a corner.
The ranges are not high or steep, and one can turn a
kopje instead of cutting or tunneling through it.
--James Bryce.
To be turned of, to be advanced beyond; as, to be turned of
sixty-six.
To turn a cold shoulder to, to treat with neglect or
indifference.
To turn a corner,
(a) to go round a corner.
(b) [Fig.] To advance beyond a difficult stage in a
project, or in life.
To turn adrift, to cast off, to cease to care for.
To turn a flange (Mech.), to form a flange on, as around a
metal sheet or boiler plate, by stretching, bending, and
hammering, or rolling the metal.
To turn against.
(a) To direct against; as, to turn one's arguments against
himself.
(b) To make unfavorable or hostile to; as, to turn one's
friends against him.
To turn a hostile army, To turn the enemy's flank, or the
like (Mil.), to pass round it, and take a position behind
it or upon its side.
To turn a penny, or To turn an honest penny, to make a
small profit by trade, or the like.
To turn around one's finger, to have complete control of
the will and actions of; to be able to influence at
pleasure.
To turn aside, to avert.
To turn away.
(a) To dismiss from service; to discard; as, to turn away
a servant.
(b) To avert; as, to turn away wrath or evil.
To turn back.
(a) To give back; to return.
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We turn not back the silks upon the merchants,
When we have soiled them. --Shak.
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(b) To cause to return or retrace one's steps; hence, to
drive away; to repel. --Shak.
To turn down.
(a) To fold or double down.
(b) To turn over so as to conceal the face of; as, to turn
down cards.
(c) To lower, or reduce in size, by turning a valve,
stopcock, or the like; as, turn down the lights.
To turn in.
(a) To fold or double under; as, to turn in the edge of
cloth.
(b) To direct inwards; as, to turn the toes in when
walking.
(c) To contribute; to deliver up; as, he turned in a large
amount. [Colloq.]
To turn in the mind, to revolve, ponder, or meditate upon;
-- with about, over, etc. " Turn these ideas about in your
mind." --I. Watts.
To turn off.
(a) To dismiss contemptuously; as, to turn off a sycophant
or a parasite.
(b) To give over; to reduce.
(c) To divert; to deflect; as, to turn off the thoughts
from serious subjects; to turn off a joke.
(d) To accomplish; to perform, as work.
(e) (Mech.) To remove, as a surface, by the process of
turning; to reduce in size by turning.
(f) To shut off, as a fluid, by means of a valve,
stopcock, or other device; to stop the passage of; as,
to turn off the water or the gas.
To turn one's coat, to change one's uniform or colors; to
go over to the opposite party.
To turn one's goods or To turn one's money, and the like,
to exchange in the course of trade; to keep in lively
exchange or circulation; to gain or increase in trade.
To turn one's hand to, to adapt or apply one's self to; to
engage in.
To turn out.
(a) To drive out; to expel; as, to turn a family out of
doors; to turn a man out of office.
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I'll turn you out of my kingdom. -- Shak.
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(b) to put to pasture, as cattle or horses.
(c) To produce, as the result of labor, or any process of
manufacture; to furnish in a completed state.
(d) To reverse, as a pocket, bag, etc., so as to bring the
inside to the outside; hence, to produce.
(e) To cause to cease, or to put out, by turning a
stopcock, valve, or the like; as, to turn out the
lights.
To turn over.
(a) To change or reverse the position of; to overset; to
overturn; to cause to roll over.
(b) To transfer; as, to turn over business to another
hand.
(c) To read or examine, as a book, while, turning the
leaves. "We turned o'er many books together." --Shak.
(d) To handle in business; to do business to the amount
of; as, he turns over millions a year. [Colloq.]
To turn over a new leaf. See under Leaf.
To turn tail, to run away; to retreat ignominiously.
To turn the back, to flee; to retreat.
To turn the back on or
To turn the back upon, to treat with contempt; to reject or
refuse unceremoniously.
To turn the corner, to pass the critical stage; to get by
the worst point; hence, to begin to improve, or to
succeed.
To turn the die or To turn the dice, to change fortune.
To turn the edge of or To turn the point of, to bend over
the edge or point of so as to make dull; to blunt.
To turn the head of or To turn the brain of, to make
giddy, wild, insane, or the like; to infatuate; to
overthrow the reason or judgment of; as, a little success
turned his head.
To turn the scale or To turn the balance, to change the
preponderance; to decide or determine something doubtful;
to tip the balance.
To turn the stomach of, to nauseate; to sicken.
To turn the tables, to reverse the chances or conditions of
success or superiority; to give the advantage to the
person or side previously at a disadvantage.
To turn tippet, to make a change. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
To turn to profit, To turn to advantage, etc., to make
profitable or advantageous.
To turn turtle, to capsize bottom upward; -- said of a
vessel. [Naut. slang]
To turn under (Agric.), to put, as soil, manure, etc.,
underneath from the surface by plowing, digging, or the
like.
To turn up.
(a) To turn so as to bring the bottom side on top; as, to
turn up the trump.
(b) To bring from beneath to the surface, as in plowing,
digging, etc.
(c) To give an upward curve to; to tilt; as, to turn up
the nose.
To turn upon, to retort; to throw back; as, to turn the
arguments of an opponent upon himself.
To turn upside down, to confuse by putting things awry; to
throw into disorder.
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This house is turned upside down since Robin Ostler
died. --Shak.
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