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1. CIA World Factbook 2002
Saint Pierre and Miquelon

   Introduction Saint Pierre and Miquelon
   --------------------------------------
                            Background: First settled by the French in the
                                        early 17th century, the islands
                                        represent the sole remaining vestige
                                        of France's once vast North American
                                        possessions.
  
   Geography Saint Pierre and Miquelon
   -----------------------------------
                              Location: Northern North America, islands in
                                        the North Atlantic Ocean, south of
                                        Newfoundland (Canada)
                Geographic coordinates: 46 50 N, 56 20 W
                        Map references: North America
                                  Area: total: 242 sq km
                                        note: includes eight small islands
                                        in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon
                                        groups
                                        water: 0 sq km
                                        land: 242 sq km
                    Area - comparative: 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
                       Land boundaries: 0 km
                             Coastline: 120 km
                       Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
                                        territorial sea: 12 NM
                               Climate: cold and wet, with much mist and
                                        fog; spring and autumn are windy
                               Terrain: mostly barren rock
                    Elevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
                                        highest point: Morne de la Grande
                                        Montagne 240 m
                     Natural resources: fish, deepwater ports
                              Land use: arable land: 13.04%
                                        permanent crops: 0%
                                        other: 86.96% (1998 est.)
                        Irrigated land: NA sq km
                       Natural hazards: persistent fog throughout the year
                                        can be a maritime hazard
          Environment - current issues: recent test drilling for oil in
                                        waters around Saint Pierre and
                                        Miquelon may bring future
                                        development that would impact the
                                        environment
                      Geography - note: vegetation scanty
  
   People Saint Pierre and Miquelon
   --------------------------------
                            Population: 6,954 (July 2002 est.)
                         Age structure: 0-14 years: 25.4% (male 904; female
                                        864)
                                        15-64 years: 64.4% (male 2,288;
                                        female 2,193)
                                        65 years and over: 10.2% (male 303;
                                        female 402) (2002 est.)
                Population growth rate: 0.35% (2002 est.)
                            Birth rate: 14.96 births/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                            Death rate: 6.61 deaths/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                    Net migration rate: -4.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population
                                        (2002 est.)
                             Sex ratio: at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
                                        under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
                                        15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
                                        65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/
                                        female
                                        total population: 1.01 male(s)/
                                        female (2002 est.)
                 Infant mortality rate: 8.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2002
                                        est.)
              Life expectancy at birth: total population: 77.93 years
                                        female: 80.32 years (2002 est.)
                                        male: 75.66 years
                  Total fertility rate: 2.1 children born/woman (2002 est.)
      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: NA%
     HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ NA
                                  AIDS:
                     HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA
                           Nationality: noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman
                                        (women)
                                        adjective: French
                         Ethnic groups: Basques and Bretons (French
                                        fishermen)
                             Religions: Roman Catholic 99%
                             Languages: French
                              Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
                                        and write
                                        total population: 99%
                                        male: 99%
                                        female: 99% (1982 est.)
  
   Government Saint Pierre and Miquelon
   ------------------------------------
                          Country name: conventional long form: Territorial
                                        Collectivity of Saint Pierre and
                                        Miquelon
                                        conventional short form: Saint
                                        Pierre and Miquelon
                                        local short form: Saint-Pierre et
                                        Miquelon
                                        local long form: Departement de
                                        Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
                     Dependency status: self-governing territorial
                                        collectivity of France
                       Government type: NA
                               Capital: Saint-Pierre
              Administrative divisions: none (territorial collectivity of
                                        France); note - there are no first-
                                        order administrative divisions as
                                        defined by the US Government, but
                                        there are two communes - Saint
                                        Pierre, Miquelon at the second order
                          Independence: none (territorial collectivity of
                                        France; has been under French
                                        control since 1763)
                      National holiday: Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
                          Constitution: 28 September 1958 (French
                                        Constitution)
                          Legal system: French law with special adaptations
                                        for local conditions, such as
                                        housing and taxation
                              Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
                      Executive branch: chief of state: President Jacques
                                        CHIRAC of France (since 17 May
                                        1995), represented by Prefect Jean-
                                        Francois TALLON (since NA)
                                        elections: French president elected
                                        by popular vote for a five-year
                                        term; election last held, first
                                        round - 21 April 2002, second round
                                        - 5 May 2002 (next to be held NA
                                        2007); prefect appointed by the
                                        French president on the advice of
                                        the French Ministry of Interior;
                                        president of the General Council is
                                        elected by the members of the
                                        council
                                        head of government: President of the
                                        General Council Marc PLANTAGENEST
                                        (since NA)
                                        cabinet: NA
                    Legislative branch: unicameral General Council or
                                        Conseil General (19 seats - 15 from
                                        Saint Pierre and 4 from Miquelon;
                                        members are elected by popular vote
                                        to serve six-year terms)
                                        elections: elections last held 19
                                        and 26 Marach 2000 (next to be held
                                        NA April 2006)
                                        election results: percent of vote by
                                        party - NA%; seats by party - PS 12,
                                        PRG 2, UDF-RPR 5
                                        note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon
                                        elect 1 seat to the French Senate;
                                        elections last held NA September
                                        1995 (next to be held NA September
                                        2004); results - percent of vote by
                                        party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1;
                                        Saint Pierre and Miquelon also
                                        elects 1 seat to the French National
                                        Assembly; elections last held, first
                                        round - 9 June 2002, second round -
                                        16 June 2002 (next to be held NA
                                        2007); results - percent of vote by
                                        party - NA%; seats by party - UDF 1
                       Judicial branch: Superior Tribunal of Appeals or
                                        Tribunal Superieur d'Appel
         Political parties and leaders: PRG [leader NA]; Rassemblement pour
                                        la Republique or RPR [leader NA];
                                        Socialist Party or PS [leader NA];
                                        Union pour la Democratie Francaise
                                        or UDF [leader NA]
          Political pressure groups and NA
                               leaders:
             International organization FZ, WFTU
                         participation:
   Diplomatic representation in the US: none (territorial collectivity of
                                        France)
     Diplomatic representation from the none (territorial collectivity of
                                    US: France)
                      Flag description: a yellow sailing ship facing the
                                        hoist side rides on a dark blue
                                        background with a black wave line
                                        under the ship; on the hoist side, a
                                        vertical band is divided into three
                                        parts: the top part is red with a
                                        green diagonal cross extending to
                                        the corners overlaid by a white
                                        cross dividing the square into four
                                        sections; the middle part has a
                                        white background with an ermine
                                        pattern; the third part has a red
                                        background with two stylized yellow
                                        lions outlined in black, one on top
                                        of the other; the flag of France is
                                        used for official occasions
  
   Economy Saint Pierre and Miquelon
   ---------------------------------
                    Economy - overview: The inhabitants have traditionally
                                        earned their livelihood by fishing
                                        and by servicing fishing fleets
                                        operating off the coast of
                                        Newfoundland. The economy has been
                                        declining, however, because of
                                        disputes with Canada over fishing
                                        quotas and a steady decline in the
                                        number of ships stopping at Saint
                                        Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration
                                        panel awarded the islands an
                                        exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq
                                        km to settle a longstanding
                                        territorial dispute with Canada,
                                        although it represents only 25% of
                                        what France had sought. The islands
                                        are heavily subsidized by France to
                                        the great betterment of living
                                        standards. The government hopes an
                                        expansion of tourism will boost
                                        economic prospects. Recent test
                                        drilling for oil may pave the way
                                        for development of the energy
                                        sector.
                                   GDP: purchasing power parity - $74
                                        million (1996 est.); supplemented by
                                        annual payments from France of about
                                        $60 million
                GDP - real growth rate: NA%
                      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $11,000
                                        (1996 est.)
           GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: NA%
                                        industry: NA%
                                        services: NA%
         Population below poverty line: NA%
     Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: NA%
                      percentage share: highest 10%: NA%
      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.1% (1991-96 average)
                           Labor force: 3,000 (1997)
           Labor force - by occupation: fishing 18%, industry (mainly fish-
                                        processing) 41%, services 41% (1996
                                        est.)
                     Unemployment rate: 9.8% (1997)
                                Budget: revenues: $70 million
                                        expenditures: $60 million, including
                                        capital expenditures of $24 million
                                        (1996 est.)
                            Industries: fish processing and supply base for
                                        fishing fleets; tourism
     Industrial production growth rate: NA%
              Electricity - production: 41 million kWh (2000)
    Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 100%
                                        hydro: 0%
                                        other: 0% (2000)
                                        nuclear: 0%
             Electricity - consumption: 38.13 million kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2000)
                 Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (2000)
                Agriculture - products: vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep,
                                        pigs; fish
                               Exports: $12 million (f.o.b., 1999)
                 Exports - commodities: fish and fish products, soybeans,
                                        animal feed, mollusks and
                                        crustaceans, fox and mink pelts
                    Exports - partners: US 43%, Egypt 14%, Japan 11%,
                                        Colombia 8% (1999)
                               Imports: $55 million (f.o.b., 1999)
                 Imports - commodities: meat, clothing, fuel, electrical
                                        equipment, machinery, building
                                        materials
                    Imports - partners: France 44%, Canada 40% (1999)
                       Debt - external: $NA
              Economic aid - recipient: approximately $60 million in annual
                                        grants from France
                              Currency: euro (EUR); French franc (FRF)
                         Currency code: EUR; FRF
                        Exchange rates: euros per US dollar - 1.06594
                                        (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000),
                                        0.93863 (1999); French francs per US
                                        dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367
                                        (1997)
                           Fiscal year: calendar year
  
   Communications Saint Pierre and Miquelon
   ----------------------------------------
        Telephones - main lines in use: 4,000 (1997)
          Telephones - mobile cellular: 0 (1994)
                      Telephone system: general assessment: adequate
                                        domestic: NA
                                        international: radiotelephone
                                        communication with most countries in
                                        the world; 1 earth station in French
                                        domestic satellite system
              Radio broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
                                Radios: 4,000 (1997)
         Television broadcast stations: 0 (there are, however, two repeaters
                                        which rebroadcast programs from
                                        France, Canada, and the US) (1997)
                           Televisions: 4,000 (1997)
                 Internet country code: .pm
     Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 1 (2000)
                        Internet users: NA
  
   Transportation Saint Pierre and Miquelon
   ----------------------------------------
                                        Railways: 0 km
                                        Highways: total: 114 km
                                                  paved: 69 km
                                                  unpaved: 45 km (1994 est.)
                                       Waterways: none
                               Ports and harbors: Saint Pierre
                                 Merchant marine: none (2002 est.)
                                        Airports: 2 (2001)
                   Airports - with paved runways: total: 2
                                                  1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
                                                  914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2001)
  
   Military Saint Pierre and Miquelon
   ----------------------------------
                          Military - note: defense is the responsibility of
                                           France
  
   Transnational Issues Saint Pierre and Miquelon
   ----------------------------------------------
                                              Disputes - international: none
  
                                       



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