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1. CIA World Factbook 2002
Micronesia, Federated States of

   Introduction Micronesia, Federated States of
   --------------------------------------------
                            Background: In 1979 the Federated States of
                                        Micronesia, a UN Trust Territory
                                        under US administration, adopted a
                                        constitution. In 1986 independence
                                        was attained under a Compact of Free
                                        Association with the US. Present
                                        concerns include large-scale
                                        unemployment, overfishing, and
                                        overdependence on US aid.
  
   Geography Micronesia, Federated States of
   -----------------------------------------
                              Location: Oceania, island group in the North
                                        Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters
                                        of the way from Hawaii to Indonesia
                Geographic coordinates: 6 55 N, 158 15 E
                        Map references: Oceania
                                  Area: total: 702 sq km
                                        note: includes Pohnpei (Ponape),
                                        Truk (Chuuk) Islands, Yap Islands,
                                        and Kosrae
                                        water: 0 sq km
                                        land: 702 sq km
                    Area - comparative: four times the size of Washington,
                                        DC
                       Land boundaries: 0 km
                             Coastline: 6,112 km
                       Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
                                        territorial sea: 12 NM
                               Climate: tropical; heavy year-round rainfall,
                                        especially in the eastern islands;
                                        located on southern edge of the
                                        typhoon belt with occasionally
                                        severe damage
                               Terrain: islands vary geologically from high
                                        mountainous islands to low, coral
                                        atolls; volcanic outcroppings on
                                        Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Truk
                    Elevation extremes: lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
                                        highest point: Dolohmwar (Totolom)
                                        791 m
                     Natural resources: forests, marine products, deep-
                                        seabed minerals
                              Land use: arable land: 5.71%
                                        permanent crops: 45.71%
                                        other: 48.57% (1998 est.)
                        Irrigated land: NA sq km
                       Natural hazards: typhoons (June to December)
          Environment - current issues: overfishing, climate change,
                                        pollution
            Environment - international party to: Biodiversity, Climate
                            agreements: Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
                                        Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous
                                        Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer
                                        Protection
                                        signed, but not ratified: none of
                                        the selected agreements
                      Geography - note: four major island groups totaling
                                        607 islands
  
   People Micronesia, Federated States of
   --------------------------------------
                            Population: 135,869 (July 2002 est.)
                         Age structure: 0-14 years: NA%
                                        15-64 years: NA%
                                        65 years and over: NA%
                Population growth rate: NA% (2002 est.)
                            Birth rate: NA births/1,000 population
                            Death rate: NA deaths/1,000 population
                             Sex ratio: NA
                 Infant mortality rate: NA deaths/1,000 live births
              Life expectancy at birth: total population: NA years
                                        male: NA years
                                        female: NA years
                  Total fertility rate: NA children born/woman
      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: NA%
     HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ NA
                                  AIDS:
                     HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA
                           Nationality: noun: Micronesian(s)
                                        adjective: Micronesian; Chuukese,
                                        Kosrae(s), Pohnpeian(s), Trukese,
                                        Yapese
                         Ethnic groups: nine ethnic Micronesian and
                                        Polynesian groups
                             Religions: Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 47%
                             Languages: English (official and common
                                        language), Trukese, Pohnpeian,
                                        Yapese, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian,
                                        Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi
                              Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
                                        and write
                                        total population: 89%
                                        male: 91%
                                        female: 88% (1980 est.)
  
   Government Micronesia, Federated States of
   ------------------------------------------
                          Country name: conventional long form: Federated
                                        States of Micronesia
                                        conventional short form: none
                                        abbreviation: FSM
                                        former: Ponape, Truk, and Yap
                                        Districts (Trust Territory of the
                                        Pacific Islands)
                       Government type: constitutional government in free
                                        association with the US; the Compact
                                        of Free Association entered into
                                        force 3 November 1986 and is due for
                                        renegotiation
                               Capital: Palikir
              Administrative divisions: 4 states; Chuuk (Truk), Kosrae,
                                        Pohnpei, Yap
                          Independence: 3 November 1986 (from the US-
                                        administered UN Trusteeship)
                      National holiday: Constitution Day, 10 May (1979)
                          Constitution: 10 May 1979
                          Legal system: based on adapted Trust Territory
                                        laws, acts of the legislature,
                                        municipal, common, and customary
                                        laws
                              Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
                      Executive branch: chief of state: President Leo A.
                                        FALCAM (since 21 July 1999); Vice
                                        President Redley KILLION (since 21
                                        July 1999); note - the president is
                                        both the chief of state and head of
                                        government
                                        head of government: President Leo A.
                                        FALCAM (since 21 July 1999); Vice
                                        President Redley KILLION (since 21
                                        July 1999); note - the president is
                                        both the chief of state and head of
                                        government
                                        cabinet: Cabinet
                                        elections: president and vice
                                        president elected by Congress from
                                        among the four senators-at-large for
                                        four-year terms; election last held
                                        NA May 1999 (next to be held NA May
                                        2003); note - a proposed
                                        constitutional amendment would
                                        establish popular elections for
                                        president and vice president
                                        election results: Leo A. FALCAM
                                        elected president; percent of
                                        Congress vote - NA%; Redley KILLION
                                        elected vice president; percent of
                                        Congress vote - NA%
                    Legislative branch: unicameral Congress (14 seats;
                                        members elected by popular vote;
                                        four - one elected from each state -
                                        to serve four-year terms and 10 -
                                        elected from single-member districts
                                        delineated by population - to serve
                                        two-year terms)
                                        elections: elections for four-year
                                        term seats last held 2 March 1999
                                        (next to be held NA March 2003);
                                        elections for two-year term seats
                                        last held 6 March 2001 (next to be
                                        held NA March 2003)
                                        election results: percent of vote -
                                        NA%; seats - independents 14
                       Judicial branch: Supreme Court
         Political parties and leaders: no formal parties
             International organization ACP, AsDB, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, ICAO,
                         participation: IDA, IFC, IFRCS (associate), IMF,
                                        IOC, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF,
                                        UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO, WMO
   Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Jesse
                                        Bibiano MAREHALAU
                                        telephone: [1] (202) 223-4383
                                        consulate(s) general: Honolulu and
                                        Tamuning (Guam)
                                        FAX: [1] (202) 223-4391
                                        chancery: 1725 N Street NW,
                                        Washington, DC 20036
     Diplomatic representation from the chief of mission: Ambassador Larry
                                    US: DINGER
                                        embassy: address NA, Kolonia
                                        mailing address: P. O. Box 1286,
                                        Kolonia, Pohnpei, Federated States
                                        of Micronesia 96941
                                        telephone: [691] 320-2187
                                        FAX: [691] 320-2186
                      Flag description: light blue with four white five-
                                        pointed stars centered; the stars
                                        are arranged in a diamond pattern
  
   Economy Micronesia, Federated States of
   ---------------------------------------
                    Economy - overview: Economic activity consists primarily
                                        of subsistence farming and fishing.
                                        The islands have few mineral
                                        deposits worth exploiting, except
                                        for high-grade phosphate. The
                                        potential for a tourist industry
                                        exists, but the remote location and
                                        a lack of adequate facilities hinder
                                        development. In 1996, the country
                                        experienced a 20% reduction in
                                        revenues from the Compact of Free
                                        Association - the agreement with the
                                        US in which Micronesia received $1.3
                                        billion in financial and technical
                                        assistance over a 15-year period
                                        until 2001. Since these revenues
                                        accounted for 57% of consolidated
                                        government revenues, reduced Compact
                                        funding resulted in a severe
                                        depression. Economic activity
                                        recovered in 1999-2001. The
                                        country's medium-term economic
                                        outlook appears fragile due to
                                        likely further reductions in
                                        external grants made under the US
                                        Compact funding. Geographical
                                        isolation and a poorly developed
                                        infrastructure remain major
                                        impediments to long-term growth.
                                   GDP: purchasing power parity - $269
                                        million (2001 est.)
                                        note: GDP is supplemented by grant
                                        aid, averaging perhaps $100 million
                                        annually
                GDP - real growth rate: 2% (2001 est.)
                      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $2,000
                                        (2001 est.)
           GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 50%
                                        industry: 4%
                                        services: 46% (2000 est.)
         Population below poverty line: NA%
     Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: NA%
                      percentage share: highest 10%: NA%
      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.5% (2001 est.)
                           Labor force: NA
           Labor force - by occupation: two-thirds are government employees
                     Unemployment rate: 16% (1999 est.)
                                Budget: revenues: $161 million ($69 million
                                        less grants)
                                        expenditures: $160 million,
                                        including capital expenditures of
                                        $NA (1998 est.)
                            Industries: tourism, construction, fish
                                        processing, craft items from shell,
                                        wood, and pearls
     Industrial production growth rate: NA%
              Electricity - production: NA kWh
    Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: NA%
                                        nuclear: NA%
                                        other: NA%
                                        hydro: NA%
             Electricity - consumption: NA kWh
                Agriculture - products: black pepper, tropical fruits and
                                        vegetables, coconuts, cassava
                                        (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs,
                                        chickens
                               Exports: $22 million (f.o.b., FY99/00 est.)
                 Exports - commodities: fish, garments, bananas, black
                                        pepper
                    Exports - partners: Japan, US, Guam
                               Imports: $149 million (f.o.b., FY99/00 est.)
                 Imports - commodities: food, manufactured goods, machinery
                                        and equipment, beverages
                    Imports - partners: US, Australia, Japan
                       Debt - external: $66.5 million (FY99/00 est.)
              Economic aid - recipient: under terms of the Compact of Free
                                        Association, the US pledged $1.3
                                        billion in grant aid during the
                                        period 1986-2001
                              Currency: US dollar (USD)
                         Currency code: USD
                        Exchange rates: the US dollar is used
                           Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September
  
   Communications Micronesia, Federated States of
   ----------------------------------------------
        Telephones - main lines in use: 11,000 (2001)
          Telephones - mobile cellular: NA
                      Telephone system: general assessment: adequate system
                                        domestic: islands interconnected by
                                        shortwave radiotelephone (used
                                        mostly for government purposes)
                                        international: satellite earth
                                        stations - 5 Intelsat (Pacific
                                        Ocean) (2002)
              Radio broadcast stations: AM 5, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
                                Radios: 9,400 (1996)
         Television broadcast stations: 2 (1997)
                           Televisions: 2,800 (1999)
                 Internet country code: .fm
     Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 1 (2000)
                        Internet users: 2,000 (2000)
  
   Transportation Micronesia, Federated States of
   ----------------------------------------------
                               Highways: total: 240 km
                                         paved: 42 km
                                         unpaved: 198 km (1996)
                              Waterways: none
                      Ports and harbors: Colonia (Yap), Kolonia (Pohnpei),
                                         Lele, Moen
                        Merchant marine: none
                                         note: includes a foreign-owned ship
                                         registered here as a flag of
                                         convenience: United States 1 (2002
                                         est.)
                               Airports: 7 (2001)
          Airports - with paved runways: total: 6
                                         1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
                                         914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2001)
        Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 1
                                         914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2001)
  
   Military Micronesia, Federated States of
   ----------------------------------------
                       Military - note: Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)
                                        is a sovereign, self-governing state
                                        in free association with the US; FSM
                                        is totally dependent on the US for
                                        its defense
  
   Transnational Issues Micronesia, Federated States of
   ----------------------------------------------------
                                              Disputes - international: none
  
                                       



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