gall
    n 1: an open sore on the back of a horse caused by ill-fitting
         or badly adjusted saddle [syn: saddle sore, gall]
    2: a skin sore caused by chafing
    3: abnormal swelling of plant tissue caused by insects or
       microorganisms or injury
    4: a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will [syn:
       resentment, bitterness, gall, rancor, rancour]
    5: a digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the
       gallbladder; aids in the digestion of fats [syn: bile,
       gall]
    6: the trait of being rude and impertinent; inclined to take
       liberties [syn: crust, gall, impertinence, impudence,
       insolence, cheekiness, freshness]
    v 1: become or make sore by or as if by rubbing [syn: chafe,
         gall, fret]
    2: irritate or vex; "It galls me that we lost the suit" [syn:
       gall, irk]

Gall \Gall\ (g[add]l), n.[OE. galle, gal, AS. gealla; akin to D.
   gal, OS. & OHG. galla, Icel. gall, SW. galla, Dan. galde, L.
   fel, Gr. ?, and prob. to E. yellow. [root]49. See Yellow,
   and cf. Choler]
   1. (Physiol.) The bitter, alkaline, viscid fluid found in the
      gall bladder, beneath the liver. It consists of the
      secretion of the liver, or bile, mixed with that of the
      mucous membrane of the gall bladder.
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   2. The gall bladder.
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   3. Anything extremely bitter; bitterness; rancor.
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            He hath . . . compassed me with gall and travail.
                                                  --Lam. iii. 5.
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            Comedy diverted without gall.         --Dryden.
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   4. Impudence; brazen assurance. [Slang]
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   Gall bladder (Anat.), the membranous sac, in which the
      bile, or gall, is stored up, as secreted by the liver; the
      cholecystis. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus.

   Gall duct, a duct which conveys bile, as the cystic duct,
      or the hepatic duct.

   Gall sickness, a remitting bilious fever in the
      Netherlands. --Dunglison.

   Gall of the earth (Bot.), an herbaceous composite plant
      with variously lobed and cleft leaves, usually the
      Prenanthes serpentaria.
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Gall \Gall\, v. i.
   To scoff; to jeer. [R.] --Shak.
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Gall \Gall\, v. t. (Dyeing)
   To impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts. --Ure.
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Gall \Gall\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Galled (g[add]ld); p. pr. &
   vb. n. Galling.] [OE. gallen; cf. F. galer to scratch, rub,
   gale scurf, scab, G. galle a disease in horses' feet, an
   excrescence under the tongue of horses; of uncertain origin.
   Cf. Gall gallnut.]
   1. To fret and wear away by friction; to hurt or break the
      skin of by rubbing; to chafe; to injure the surface of by
      attrition; as, a saddle galls the back of a horse; to gall
      a mast or a cable.
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            I am loth to gall a new-healed wound. --Shak.
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   2. To fret; to vex; as, to be galled by sarcasm.
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            They that are most galled with my folly,
            They most must laugh.                 --Shak.
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   3. To injure; to harass; to annoy; as, the troops were galled
      by the shot of the enemy.
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            In our wars against the French of old, we used to
            gall them with our longbows, at a greater distance
            than they could shoot their arrows.   --Addison.
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Gall \Gall\, n.
   A wound in the skin made by rubbing.
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Gall \Gall\ (g[add]l), n. [F. galle, noix de galle, fr. L.
   galla.] (Zool.)
   An excrescence of any form produced on any part of a plant by
   insects or their larvae. They are most commonly caused by
   small Hymenoptera and Diptera which puncture the bark and lay
   their eggs in the wounds. The larvae live within the galls.
   Some galls are due to aphids, mites, etc. See Gallnut.
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   Note: The galls, or gallnuts, of commerce are produced by
         insects of the genus Cynips, chiefly on an oak
         (Quercus infectoria syn. Quercus Lusitanica) of
         Western Asia and Southern Europe. They contain much
         tannin, and are used in the manufacture of that article
         and for making ink and a black dye, as well as in
         medicine.
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   Gall insect (Zool.), any insect that produces galls.

   Gall midge (Zool.), any small dipterous insect that
      produces galls.

   Gall oak, the oak (Quercus infectoria) which yields the
      galls of commerce.

   Gall of glass, the neutral salt skimmed off from the
      surface of melted crown glass;- called also glass gall
      and sandiver. --Ure.

   Gall wasp. (Zool.) See Gallfly.
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Gall
   (1) Heb. mererah, meaning "bitterness" (Job 16:13); i.e., the
   bile secreted in the liver. This word is also used of the poison
   of asps (20:14), and of the vitals, the seat of life (25).
   
     (2.) Heb. rosh. In Deut. 32:33 and Job 20:16 it denotes the
   poison of serpents. In Hos. 10:4 the Hebrew word is rendered
   "hemlock." The original probably denotes some bitter, poisonous
   plant, most probably the poppy, which grows up quickly, and is
   therefore coupled with wormwood (Deut. 29:18; Jer. 9:15; Lam.
   3:19). Comp. Jer. 8:14; 23:15, "water of gall," Gesenius, "poppy
   juice;" others, "water of hemlock," "bitter water."
   
     (3.) Gr. chole (Matt. 27:34), the LXX. translation of the
   Hebrew _rosh_ in Ps. 69; 21, which foretells our Lord's
   sufferings. The drink offered to our Lord was vinegar (made of
   light wine rendered acid, the common drink of Roman soldiers)
   "mingled with gall," or, according to Mark (15:23), "mingled
   with myrrh;" both expressions meaning the same thing, namely,
   that the vinegar was made bitter by the infusion of wormwood or
   some other bitter substance, usually given, according to a
   merciful custom, as an anodyne to those who were crucified, to
   render them insensible to pain. Our Lord, knowing this, refuses
   to drink it. He would take nothing to cloud his faculties or
   blunt the pain of dying. He chooses to suffer every element of
   woe in the bitter cup of agony given him by the Father (John
   18:11).