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1. WordNet® 3.0 (2006)
East Timor
    n 1: a former Portuguese colony that was annexed by Indonesia in
         1976; voted for independence from Indonesia in 1999 and in
         May 2002 became an independent nation

2. CIA World Factbook 2002
East Timor

   Introduction East Timor
   -----------------------
                            Background: The Portuguese colony of Timor
                                        declared itself independent from
                                        Portugal on 28 November 1975 and was
                                        invaded and occupied by Indonesian
                                        forces nine days later. It was
                                        subsequently incorporated into
                                        Indonesia in July 1976 as the
                                        province of Timor Timur. A so-called
                                        campaign of pacification followed,
                                        during which time an estimated
                                        100,000 to 250,000 individuals lost
                                        their lives. On 30 August 1999, in a
                                        UN-supervised popular referendum,
                                        the people of Timor Timur voted for
                                        independence from Indonesia. On 20
                                        May 2002, East Timor was
                                        internationally recognized as an
                                        independent state and the world's
                                        newest democracy.
  
   Geography East Timor
   --------------------
                              Location: Southeastern Asia, northwest of
                                        Australia in the Lesser Sunda
                                        Islands at the eastern end of the
                                        Indonesian archipelago; note - East
                                        Timor includes the eastern half of
                                        the island of Timor, the Oecussi
                                        (Ambeno) region on the northwest
                                        portion of the island of Timor, and
                                        the islands of Pulau Atauro and
                                        Pulau Jaco
                Geographic coordinates: 8 50 S, 125 55 E
                        Map references: Southeast Asia
                                  Area: total: 15,007 sq km
                                        land: NA sq km
                                        water: NA sq km
                    Area - comparative: slightly larger than Connecticut
                       Land boundaries: total: 228 km
                                        border countries: Indonesia 228 km
                             Coastline: 706 km
                       Maritime claims: contiguous zone: NA NM
                                        extended fishing zone: NA NM
                                        territorial sea: NA NM
                                        exclusive fishing zone: NA NM
                                        continental shelf: NA NM
                                        exclusive economic zone: NA NM
                               Climate: tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy
                                        and dry seasons
                               Terrain: mountainous
                    Elevation extremes: lowest point: Timor Sea, Savu Sea,
                                        and Banda Sea 0 m
                                        highest point: Foho Tatamailau 2,963
                                        m
                     Natural resources: gold, petroleum, natural gas,
                                        manganese, marble
                              Land use: arable land: NA%
                                        other: NA%
                                        permanent crops: NA%
                        Irrigated land: 1,065 sq km (est.)
                       Natural hazards: floods and landslides are common;
                                        earthquakes, tsunamis, tropical
                                        cyclones
          Environment - current issues: widespread use of slash and burn
                                        agriculture has led to deforestation
                                        and soil erosion
            Environment - international NA
                            agreements:
                      Geography - note: Timor is the Malay word for
                                        "Orient"; the island of Timor is
                                        part of the Malay Archipelago and is
                                        the largest and easternmost of the
                                        Lesser Sunda Islands
  
   People East Timor
   -----------------
                            Population: 952,618 (July 2002 est.)
                                        note: other estimates range as low
                                        as 800,000 (2002 est.)
                         Age structure: NA
                Population growth rate: 7.26% (2002 est.)
                            Birth rate: 28.07 births/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                            Death rate: 6.52 deaths/1,000 population (2002
                                        est.)
                    Net migration rate: 51.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population
                                        (2002 est.)
                             Sex ratio: NA
                 Infant mortality rate: 51.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2002
                                        est.)
              Life expectancy at birth: total population: 64.85 years
                                        male: 62.64 years
                                        female: 67.17 years (2002 est.)
                  Total fertility rate: 3.88 children born/woman (2002 est.)
      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: NA
     HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ NA
                                  AIDS:
                     HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA
                           Nationality: noun: Timorese
                                        adjective: Timorese
                         Ethnic groups: Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian),
                                        Papuan, small Chinese minority
                             Religions: Roman Catholic 90%, Muslim 4%,
                                        Protestant 3%, Hindu 0.5%, Buddhist,
                                        Animist (1992 est.)
                             Languages: Tetum (official), Portuguese
                                        (official), Indonesian, English
                                        note: there are a total of about 16
                                        indigenous languages, of which
                                        Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and Kemak are
                                        spoken by significant numbers of
                                        people
                              Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
                                        and write
                                        total population: 48% (2001)
                                        male: NA%
                                        female: NA%
  
   Government East Timor
   ---------------------
                          Country name: conventional long form: Democratic
                                        Republic of East Timor
                                        conventional short form: East Timor
                                        local short form: Timor Lorosa'e
                                        [Tetum]; Timor-Leste [Portuguese]
                                        former: Portuguese Timor
                                        local long form: Republika
                                        Demokratika Timor Lorosa'e [Tetum];
                                        Republica Democratica de Timor-Leste
                                        [Portuguese]
                       Government type: republic
                               Capital: Dili
              Administrative divisions: 13 administrative districts; Aileu,
                                        Ainaro, Baucau, Bobonaro (Maliana),
                                        Cova-Lima (Suai), Dili, Ermera,
                                        Lautem (Los Palos), Liquica,
                                        Manatuto, Manufahi (Same), Oecussi
                                        (Ambeno), Viqueque
                          Independence: 28 November 1975 (date of
                                        proclamation of independence from
                                        Portugal); note - 20 May 2002 is the
                                        official date of international
                                        recognition of East Timor's
                                        independence from Indonesia
                      National holiday: Independence Day, 28 November (1975)
                          Constitution: 22 March 2002 (based on the
                                        Portuguese model)
                          Legal system: NA
                              Suffrage: 17 years of age; universal
                      Executive branch: chief of state: President Jose
                                        Alexander GUSMAO (since 20 May
                                        2002); note - the president plays a
                                        largely symbolic role but is able to
                                        veto some legislation
                                        head of government: Prime Minister
                                        Mari Bin Amude ALKATIRI (since 20
                                        May 2002)
                                        cabinet: Council of State
                                        elections: president elected by
                                        popular vote for a five-year term;
                                        election last held 14 April 2002
                                        (next to be held NA April 2007);
                                        following legislative elections, the
                                        leader of the majority party or
                                        majority coalition is usually
                                        appointed prime minister by the
                                        president
                                        election results: Jose Alexander
                                        GUSMAO elected president; percent of
                                        vote - Jose Alexander GUSMAO 82.7%,
                                        Francisco Xavier do Amaral 17.3%
                    Legislative branch: unicameral National Parliament
                                        (number of seats can vary, minimum
                                        requirement of 52 and a maximum of
                                        65 seats; members elected by popular
                                        vote to serve five-year terms); note
                                        - for its first term of office, the
                                        National Parliament is comprised of
                                        88 members on an exceptional basis
                                        elections: last held 30 August 2001
                                        (next to be held NA August 2006)
                                        election results: percent of vote by
                                        party - FRETILIN 57.37%, PD 8.72%,
                                        PSD 8.18%, ASDT 7.84%, UDT 2.36%,
                                        PNT 2.21%, KOTA 2.13%, PPT 2.01%,
                                        PDC 1.98%, PST 1.78%, independents/
                                        other 5.42%; seats by party -
                                        FRETILIN 55, PD 7, PSD 6, ASDT 6,
                                        PDC 2, UDT 2, KOTA 2, PNT 2, PPT 2,
                                        UDC/PDC 1, PST 1, PL 1, independent
                                        1
                       Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Justice, one judge
                                        appointed by the National Parliament
                                        and the rest appointed by the
                                        Superior Council for the Judiciary
         Political parties and leaders: Associacao Social-Democrata
                                        Timorense or ASDT [Francisco Xavier
                                        do AMARAL]; Christian Democratic
                                        Party of Timor or PDC [Antonio
                                        XIMENES]; Christian Democratic Union
                                        of Timor or UDC [Vicente da Silva
                                        GUTERRES]; Democratic Pary or PD
                                        [Fernando de ARAUJO]; Maubere
                                        Democratic Party or PDM [leader NA];
                                        People's Party of Timor or PPT
                                        [Jacob XAVIER]; Revolutionary Front
                                        of Independent East Timor or
                                        FRETILIN [Lu OLO]; Social Democrat
                                        Party of East Timor or PSD [Mario
                                        CARRASCALAO]; Socialist Party of
                                        Timor or PST [leader NA]; Sons of
                                        the Mountain Warriors (also known as
                                        Association of Timorese Heroes) or
                                        KOTA [Clementino dos Reis AMARAL];
                                        Timor Democratic Union or UDT [Joao
                                        CARRASCALAO]; Timor Labor Party or
                                        TRABALHISTA [Paulo Freitas DA
                                        SILVA]; Timorese Nationalist Party
                                        or PNT [Abilio ARAUJO]; Timorese
                                        Popular Democratic Association or
                                        APODETI [Frederico Almeida Santos
                                        COSTA]
          Political pressure groups and NA
                               leaders:
             International organization IBRD, IMF
                         participation: note: UN membership is expected in
                                        September
   Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador
                                        (vacant); Charge d'Affaires
                                        Constancio PINTO
                                        chancery: NA
                                        consulate(s) general: NA
                                        FAX: NA
                                        telephone: NA
     Diplomatic representation from the chief of mission: Ambassador
                                    US: (vacant)
                                        embassy: Farol district, Dili
                                        mailing address: NA
                                        telephone: (670) 390 324 684
                                        FAX: (670) 390 313 206
                      Flag description: red, with a black isosceles triangle
                                        (based on the hoist side)
                                        superimposed on a slightly longer
                                        yellow arrowhead that extends to the
                                        center of the flag; there is a white
                                        star in the center of the black
                                        triangle
  
   Economy East Timor
   ------------------
                    Economy - overview: In late 1999, about 70% of the
                                        economic infrastructure of East
                                        Timor was laid waste by Indonesian
                                        troops and anti-independence
                                        militias, and 260,000 people fled
                                        westward. Over the next three years,
                                        however, a massive international
                                        program, manned by 5,000
                                        peacekeepers (8,000 at peak) and
                                        1,300 police officers, led to
                                        substantial reconstruction in both
                                        urban and rural areas. By mid-2002,
                                        all but about 50,000 of the refugees
                                        had returned. The country faces
                                        great challenges in continuing the
                                        rebuilding of infrastructure and the
                                        strengthening of the infant civil
                                        administration. One promising long-
                                        term project would be development of
                                        oil resources in nearby waters.
                                   GDP: purchasing power parity - $415
                                        million (2001 est.)
                GDP - real growth rate: 18% (2001 est.)
                      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $500 (2001
                                        est.)
           GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 25.4%
                                        industry: 17.2%
                                        services: 57.4% (2001)
         Population below poverty line: 42% (2002 est.)
     Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: NA%
                      percentage share: highest 10%: NA%
   Distribution of family income - Gini 38
                                 index:
      Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA%
                           Labor force: NA
           Labor force - by occupation: NA
                     Unemployment rate: 50% (including underemployment)
                                Budget: revenues: $NA
                                        expenditures: $NA
                            Industries: printing, soap manufacturing,
                                        handicrafts, woven cloth
     Industrial production growth rate: 8.5%
              Electricity - production: NA kWh
    Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 100%
                                        hydro: 0%
                                        other: 0%
                                        nuclear: 0%
             Electricity - consumption: NA kWh
                 Electricity - exports: 0 kWh
                 Electricity - imports: 0 kWh
                Agriculture - products: coffee, rice, maize, cassava, sweet
                                        potatoes, soybeans, cabbage,
                                        mangoes, bananas, vanilla
                               Exports: $8 million (2001 est.)
                 Exports - commodities: coffee, sandalwood, marble; note -
                                        the potential for oil and vanilla
                                        exports
                    Exports - partners: NA
                               Imports: $237 million (2001 est.)
                 Imports - commodities: NA
                    Imports - partners: NA
                       Debt - external: $NA
              Economic aid - recipient: $2.2 billion (1999-2002 est.)
                              Currency: US dollar (USD)
                         Currency code: USD
                           Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
  
   Communications East Timor
   -------------------------
                  Telephones - main lines in use: NA
                    Telephones - mobile cellular: NA
                                Telephone system: NA
                        Radio broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA
                                          Radios: NA
                   Television broadcast stations: NA
                                     Televisions: NA
                           Internet country code: .tp
               Internet Service Providers (ISPs): NA
                                  Internet users: NA
  
   Transportation East Timor
   -------------------------
                                          Railways: 0 km
                                          Highways: total: 3,800 km
                                                    paved: 428 km
                                                    unpaved: 3,372 km (1995)
                                         Waterways: NA
                                         Pipelines: NA
                                 Ports and harbors: NA
                                   Merchant marine: total: NA
                                                    ships by type: NA
                                          Airports: 8 (2001)
                     Airports - with paved runways: total: 3
                                                    2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
                                                    1,524 to 2,427 m: 1
                                                    914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2001)
                   Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 5
                                                    914 to 1,523 m: 3
                                                    under 914 m: 2 (2001)
                                         Heliports: 1 (2001)
  
   Military East Timor
   -------------------
                      Military branches: the East Timor Defense Force or
                                         FALINTIL-FDTL comprises a light-
                                         infantry Army and a small Naval
                                         component; note - plans are to
                                         develop a force of 1,500 active
                                         personnel and 1,500 reserve
                                         personnel over the next five years
       Military manpower - military age: 18-21 years of age
       Military manpower - availability: NA
    Military manpower - fit for military NA
                                service:
            Military manpower - reaching NA
                  military age annually:
          Military expenditures - dollar $4.4 million (FY03)
                                 figure:
      Military expenditures - percent of NA%
                                    GDP:
  
   Transnational Issues East Timor
   -------------------------------
              Disputes - international: East Timor-Indonesia Boundary
                                        Committee meets to survey and
                                        delimit land boundary; Indonesia
                                        seeks resolution of East Timor
                                        refugees in Indonesia; Australia-
                                        East Timor-Indonesia are working to
                                        resolve maritime boundary and
                                        sharing of seabed resources in
                                        "Timor Gap"
                         Illicit drugs: NA
  
                                       



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