distillation
    n 1: the process of purifying a liquid by boiling it and
         condensing its vapors [syn: distillation, distillment]
    2: a purified liquid produced by condensation from a vapor
       during distilling; the product of distilling [syn:
       distillate, distillation]

Distillation \Dis`til*la"tion\ (d[i^]s`t[i^]l*l[=a]"sh[u^]n), n.
   [F. distillation, L. destillatio.]
   1. The act of falling in drops, or the act of pouring out in
      drops.
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   2. That which falls in drops. [R.] --Johnson
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   3. (Chem.) The separation of the volatile parts of a
      substance from the more fixed; specifically, the operation
      of driving off gas or vapor from volatile liquids or
      solids, by heat in a retort or still, and the condensation
      of the products as far as possible by a cool receiver,
      alembic, or condenser; rectification; vaporization;
      condensation; as, the distillation of illuminating gas and
      coal, of alcohol from sour mash, or of boric acid in
      steam.
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   Note: The evaporation of water, its condensation into clouds,
         and its precipitation as rain, dew, frost, snow, or
         hail, is an illustration of natural distillation.
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   4. The substance extracted by distilling. --Shak.
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   Destructive distillation (Chem.), the distillation,
      especially of complex solid substances, so that the
      ultimate constituents are separated or evolved in new
      compounds, -- usually requiring a high degree of heat; as,
      the destructive distillation of soft coal or of wood.

   Dry distillation, the distillation of substances by
      themselves, or without the addition of water or of other
      volatile solvent; as, the dry distillation of citric acid.
      

   Fractional distillation. (Chem.) See under Fractional.
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