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1. CIA World Factbook 2002
Ashmore and Cartier Islands

   Introduction Ashmore and Cartier Islands
   ----------------------------------------
                            Background: These uninhabited islands came under
                                        Australian authority in 1931; formal
                                        administration began two years
                                        later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich
                                        and diverse avian and marine
                                        habitat; in 1983 it became a
                                        National Nature Reserve. Cartier
                                        Island, a former bombing range, is
                                        now a marine reserve.
  
   Geography Ashmore and Cartier Islands
   -------------------------------------
                              Location: Southeastern Asia, islands in the
                                        Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia
                Geographic coordinates: 12 14 S, 123 05 E
                        Map references: Southeast Asia
                                  Area: total: 5 sq km
                                        note: includes Ashmore Reef (West,
                                        Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier
                                        Island
                                        water: 0 sq km
                                        land: 5 sq km
                    Area - comparative: about eight times the size of The
                                        Mall in Washington, DC
                       Land boundaries: 0 km
                             Coastline: 74.1 km
                       Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 12 NM
                                        continental shelf: 200-m depth or to
                                        the depth of exploitation
                                        territorial sea: 12 NM
                                        exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
                               Climate: tropical
                               Terrain: low with sand and coral
                    Elevation extremes: lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
                                        highest point: unnamed location 3 m
                     Natural resources: fish
                              Land use: arable land: 0%
                                        permanent crops: 0%
                                        other: 100% (all grass and sand)
                                        (1998 est.)
                        Irrigated land: 0 sq km (1998 est.)
                       Natural hazards: surrounded by shoals and reefs that
                                        can pose maritime hazards
          Environment - current issues: NA
                      Geography - note: Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve
                                        established in August 1983
  
   People Ashmore and Cartier Islands
   ----------------------------------
                             Population: no indigenous inhabitants
                                         note: Indonesian fishermen are
                                         allowed access to the lagoon and
                                         fresh waster at Ashmore Reef's West
                                         Island
                 Population growth rate: NA
                          People - note: the landing of illegal immigrants
                                         from Indonesia's Rote Island has
                                         become an ongoing problem
  
   Government Ashmore and Cartier Islands
   --------------------------------------
                          Country name: conventional long form: Territory of
                                        Ashmore and Cartier Islands
                                        conventional short form: Ashmore and
                                        Cartier Islands
                     Dependency status: territory of Australia; administered
                                        by the Australian Department of
                                        Transport and Regional Services
                          Legal system: the laws of the Commonwealth of
                                        Australia and the laws of the
                                        Northern Territory of Australia,
                                        where applicable, apply
   Diplomatic representation in the US: none (territory of Australia)
     Diplomatic representation from the none (territory of Australia)
                                    US:
                      Flag description: the flag of Australia is used
  
   Economy Ashmore and Cartier Islands
   -----------------------------------
                                    Economy - overview: no economic activity
  
  
   Transportation Ashmore and Cartier Islands
   ------------------------------------------
                                    Waterways: none
                            Ports and harbors: none; offshore anchorage only
  
   Military Ashmore and Cartier Islands
   ------------------------------------
                         Military - note: defense is the responsibility of
                                          Australia; periodic visits by the
                                          Royal Australian Navy and Royal
                                          Australian Air Force
  
  
                                       



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